Iyo umuntu avuze 'ubwoko bwa powder metallurgie,' ubwenge bwinshi burahita busimbukira kuri progaramu ya kera-na-sinter. Ngiyo ifarashi ikora, byanze bikunze, ariko ni irembo ryo gutangira. Ikiganiro nyacyo gitangira iyo ubajije: ni uwuhe murimo wanyuma wigice? Nibintu byoroshye, bitesha umutwe bushing, cyangwa ni igice cya turbine kibona ubushyuhe bwinshi nimbaraga zo kuzunguruka? Iri tandukanyirizo riragukura mu ishami rimwe ry'ikoranabuhanga ujya mu rindi rwose. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi biza aho injeniyeri yerekanye amanota yibikoresho ariko akaba atarigeze ahangana ningaruka zinzira zikora mubuzima bwumunaniro cyangwa gutuza kurwego. Icyo cyuho kiri hagati yicyitegererezo cya CAD nukuri kwicyaha niho ubwoko nyabwo bwifu ya metallurgie iba.
Kanda na Sinter: Ibyingenzi nimbibi zayo zitagaragara
Reka duhere hamwe na hose. Ufata ifu yicyuma, mubisanzwe bivanze nicyuma kivanze numuringa, nikel, na grafite byabanje kuvangwa cyangwa kuvangwa, ukabisunika mu rupfu rukabije ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, hanyuma ukabishyushya mu itanura ryikirere. Inkunga zakozwe binyuze muburyo bukomeye bwo gukwirakwiza. Nibyiza cyane muburyo bunini cyane, gukora imiterere. Ibikoresho, amasoko, ibice byubatswe mubikoresho-ingero zitabarika.
Ariko dore gufata abantu bose bareba hejuru: ubucucike. Ibinyamakuru bisanzwe-na-sinter mubisanzwe hejuru ya 92-95% yubucucike. Ibyo bisigaye byuzuye nibyiza kubikorwa byinshi, ariko byica ibintu bigenda neza. Umunaniro imbaraga zumurongo zirasa neza bitatinze hakiri kare. Ndibuka umushinga wibikoresho bya pompe hydraulic aho prototypes yambere yavuye mumaduka asanzwe ya P / M yananiwe vuba kurenza ibyuma bikozwe bihwanye no kugerageza kwihangana. Intandaro ntabwo yari chimie yibikoresho; ni utwo dusimba twa microscopique dukora nk'ibitera impagarara. Tugomba guhindura imitekerereze yacu.
Aha niho sisitemu yo kwisiga hamwe n'amavuta bifite akamaro kanini. FN-0205 (icyuma gifite nikel 2% na 0,5% ya grafite) izitwara bitandukanye cyane na FC-0208 (hamwe na 2% y'umuringa) mugihe cyo gucumura, bigira ingaruka kumpinduka zimbaraga n'imbaraga zanyuma. N'ikime cyo mu kirere cyawe? Nibyingenzi kugabanya okiside, cyane hamwe nibintu nka chromium cyangwa manganese. Byumve nabi, kandi ufite igice cyoroshye. Ntabwo ari inzira gusa; ni ubushakashatsi bwa chimie munsi yubushyuhe.
Iyo Ubucucike butari ubwumvikane: Gushushanya ibyuma byatewe no kurenga
Noneho, byagenda bite niba ukeneye ubucucike bwuzuye hamwe nuburyo bugoye gutunganya ibicuruzwa byabitswe byangiza 80% byibikoresho? Ngiyo ubwami bwa Gutera inshinge (MIM). Uvanga ifu nziza cyane, ifu ya spherical hamwe na polymer binder, inshinge ikabumba nka plastike, hanyuma ukureho witonze binder (debinding) mbere yo gucumura. Igice kigabanuka cyane-hafi 15-20% -ariko kimwe niba amatungo yawe ari amwe. Ugera ku bucucike burenze 98%, akenshi hafi 99%.
Ubwiza bwa MIM burambuye nkurudodo rwimbere, munsi, nurukuta ruto. Twabikoresheje kubikoresho byo kubaga, ibyuma bitagira umwanda 17-4 PH igice hamwe nuburyo bukomeye. Gukora byari inzozi mbi yimikorere no kumena ibikoresho. MIM yabigize kimwe, nkicyaha. Ariko satani ari mubi. Niba binder idakuweho neza, ubona uduce cyangwa ibisebe. Nibintu bitinda, byoroshye ubushyuhe bwumuriro, ntabwo ari ibikorwa bya brute-force.
Ibi bihuza irindi shami: Kanda Isostatike Ashyushye (HIP). Rimwe na rimwe, urabikoresha wenyine hamwe na poro mu isafuriya (kontineri HIPing), ariko kenshi, ni inzira ya kabiri yo gufunga imyanda isigaye mu gice cyacumuye. Twafashe imibiri ya valve ikomeye ikoresheje kanda-na-sinter hanyuma tukayishyira mu cyerekezo cya HIP - umuvuduko mwinshi wa argon ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Iranyeganyeza ibyo byobo by'imbere bifunze, bitezimbere cyane guhindagurika no gukomera k'umuvuduko. Yongeraho ikiguzi, ariko kubice bya peteroli na gaze, ni itike yo kuzuza ibisabwa.
Inzira yo Guhimbira: Gukora ifu na Niche yayo
Noneho hariho ifu yo guhimba. Ukora preform ukoresheje gukanda bisanzwe, hanyuma ufate iyo prefegitura (cyangwa rimwe na rimwe idacapuwe) hanyuma ushushe kubihimba bipfuye. Ibi bigera ku bucucike bwuzuye hamwe nubukanishi buhebuje, hafi yo kwibagirwa. Umusaruro wibintu ni byiza cyane. Byabaye ukujya kubintu byinshi byimodoka yibinyabiziga nko guhuza inkoni.
Ariko ibikoresho byo gukoresha birakomeye, kandi ukeneye amajwi kugirango ubyemeze. Imicungire yubushyuhe iraruhije-kubona preform kubushyuhe bukwiye bumwe bwo guhimba nta gipimo cyangwa decarburisation. Nabonye ibigeragezo aho igishushanyo mbonera cya preform kidakwiye cyatumye habaho guhimba inshuro (laps), inenge ikaba ari catastrophique mubice bigenda neza. Nubwoko bukomeye bwifu ya metallurgie, ariko bisaba kubaha ubukorikori bwo guhimba kimwe na siyanse yifu.
Gukora inyongeramusaruro: Imipaka mishya mumuryango
Ntushobora kuvuga ubwoko bwumunsi udakoze ku nganda ziyongera, cyangwa Ifu Yuburiri. Guhitamo Laser Guhitamo (SLM), Gushonga Amashanyarazi (EBM). Iyi ni ifu ya metallurgie muburyo busanzwe: kubaka igice kumurongo ukoresheje gushonga byuzuye ifu hamwe nimbaraga yibanze. Ubucucike bushobora kuba 99.9% + niba ibipimo byahamagariwe.
Ubwisanzure ni impinduramatwara, ariko isura irangiye hamwe nihungabana ryimbere ni ubucuruzi. Ubuso bwacapwe bufite uburangare buva mubice byifu byashonze igice, biteye ubwoba kumunaniro iyo bitavuwe. Kandi imihangayiko isigaye ituruka kubushyuhe bwihuse no gukonjesha bisaba kugabanya imihangayiko cyangwa gukanda isostatike. Twabisuzumye kubikorwa byabigenewe, bidafite amajwi make yimashini kuri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan. Uburinganire bwa geometrie bwari bwiza kuri bwo, ariko kubwubuso bukenewe busabwa hamwe nigiciro kuri buri gice mubunini bwacu, amaherezo twajyanye no gushora imari kugirango dukore prototype. AM yari igikoresho cyiza, ariko kubwakazi runaka, ntabwo cyari igikoresho cyiza. Iri ni itandukaniro ryingenzi.
Aho Gutera na Powder Metallurgie Umuhanda wambukiranya
Ibi binzanye kuri tangent bijyanye. Kuri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka yabo muri shell no gushora imari, ikiganiro akenshi gihinduka mubikorwa bifatika. Iyo umukiriya akeneye igice muri nikel ishingiye kuri superalloy ya serivise yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, guhitamo hagati yo gushora imari hamwe nifu ya metallurgie yifu nka HIP ihinduka hagati. Gutera birashobora gukora ishusho nini, igoye neza, ariko imiterere yintete nubushobozi bwa micro-porosity ni imipaka. Powder HIPing iguha microstructure nziza, imwe isotropic. Icyemezo gishingiye ku bunini, kugorana, ibisabwa ku mutungo, n'ubunini bwa byinshi. Rimwe na rimwe, igisubizo cyiza ni hybrid: ukoresheje preform hanyuma ugashyiraho ifu ikomoka kuri poro ukoresheje spray yumuriro kugirango wirinde kwambara. Ntabwo ari umwe kuba mwiza; bijyanye no guhuza neza inzira.
Ikintu Cyirengagijwe: Ifu ubwayo
Ubu bwoko bwose bushingiye kubikoresho byo gutangira: ifu. Gazi atomize, amazi atomize, plasma izunguruka inzira ya electrode (PREP) - uburyo bwo gukora busobanura imiterere yibice, ikwirakwizwa ryubunini, hamwe na microstructure imbere. Kuri MIM, ukeneye utwo duce twiza, dufatanye kugirango tugendere neza kandi dupakire. Kubisanzwe bisanzwe, bidasanzwe, amazi-atomize ibice bifatanye neza kubwimbaraga zicyatsi. Niba ukorana nudusimba twa reaction nka titanium cyangwa urutonde rwihariye rwa QSY urutonde (rushingiye kuri cobalt, rushingiye kuri nikel), gukoresha ifu munsi yikirere ntigishobora kuganirwaho. Imodoka ya Oxygene ni umwicanyi ucecetse wo guhindagurika.
Ibi nabyize inzira igoye hakiri kare. Icyiciro cya 316L ifu itagira umwanda kuri MIM yari ifite ubuhehere buri hejuru ya sp. Byateje binder-powder gutandukana mugihe cyo kubumba, biganisha kubusa byagaragaye nyuma yo gucumura. Icyiciro cyose cyari gisakaye. Ifu niyo shingiro. Inenge ihari ntishobora gukosorwa hepfo.
Noneho, iyo ntekereje ku 'bwoko bwa powder metallurgie,' rwose ndatekereza kubiti byemezo. Tangirana nigikorwa cyigice, ibisabwa byumutungo, geometrie yacyo, nigiciro cyemewe. Iyo nzira ikuyobora kuri poro iburyo nuburyo bwiza bwo guhuza. Ntabwo ari urutonde rwamahitamo gusa; ni uruhererekane rwa tekiniki nubukungu byubucuruzi, hamwe numuzimu wo kwikinisha wihishe inyuma ya buri guhitamo. Intego ni uguhitamo inzira ituma uwo muzimu uzimira, cyangwa byibura bikagira ingaruka mbi kubuzima bugenewe igice.
