Xa usiva 'i-gravity casting', abantu abaninzi, kunye nabanye abakurhwebo, bafanekisela ukugalelwa okulula. Ukutshekisa nje ileli kwaye uvumele umxhuzulane wenze umsebenzi, akunjalo? Olona lulula kakhulu. Ayikokuba mdala; imalunga nolawulo. Ubugcisa bokwenyani-kunye nentloko-ilele ekulawuleni i-thermal dynamics kunye noyilo lokubumba ukufumana isandi sokuphosa ngaphandle koncedo loxinzelelo. Ndibone imisebenzi emininzi engxamisekileyo apho intsimbi ibonakala ilungile kumphezulu, kodwa ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lububugxwayiba, olukhokelela ekungaphumelelini emgceni. Yinkqubo efuna umonde kunye nokuqonda okunzulu malunga nendlela ialloy yakho ethile eziphatha ngayo njengoko iphola phantsi kwento ngaphandle kobunzima bayo.
Umgaqo ongundoqo kunye nendawo ofanelekileyo
Entliziyweni yakhe, ukuphosa umxhuzulane yinkqubo yokungunda esisigxina. Unobumba obuphinda busebenziseke, ngokuqhelekileyo intsimbi okanye intsimbi, kwaye uxhomekeke kumandla omxhuzulane ukuze ugcwalise umngxuma. Akukho zimpompo, akukho uxinzelelo oluphezulu. Oku kuyayenza yahluke kwi-high-pressure die casting kwangoko. Ukuzaliswa kucotha, ngakumbi i-laminar ukuba uyifumana ngokufanelekileyo. Leyo ngundoqo kwizinto ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, ngezinye ii-alloys ze-aluminiyam okanye ezinye ezisekelwe kwi-copper, ukuzaliswa kwesiphithiphithi kunokubamba i-oxides kunye negesi, ukudala iindawo ezibuthathaka. Ukugalelwa komxhuzulane, xa inkqubo yokungena iyilwe ngokuchanekileyo, inokunciphisa oko.
Kodwa ayisosisombululo sobukhulu obunye. Ibengezela phi? Kwimitsi ephakathi kumthamo wamalungu afuna iipropathi zoomatshini ezingcono kunento oqhele ukuyifumana kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lokuphosa ukufa. Cinga izinto zeemoto ezinjengeengalo ezixhonyiweyo, ezinye izibiyeli ze-injini, okanye izindlu ezinkulu. Ukuqiniswa okucothayo phantsi komxhuzulane kunokukhokelela kwisakhiwo esixineneyo, esincinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukurhweba lixesha lomjikelo kunye neendleko zangaphambili zokungunda okulungileyo, okuhlala ixesha elide. Lubalo: ngaba ingqibelelo ephezulu yenxalenye iyakuthethelela ireyithi yemveliso ecothayo xa kuthelekiswa nokuphosa ukufa?
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yendlu yempompo, imilo entsonkothileyo enobunzima obahlukeneyo bodonga. Umxhasi ekuqaleni wayefuna ukufa kwesantya. Saxoxisana ukuphosa umxhuzulane kwi-semi-steel mold. Ingxoxo yayimalunga nobomi obude. I-Die casting yayiza kukhawuleza, kodwa ukubanakho kwe-micro-porosity kumacandelo anzima kwakuyingozi kwinqanawa yoxinzelelo. Siqhube iiprototypes zombini iindlela. Inxalenye ye-gravity-cast, emva komatshini, ibonise ingqibelelo ehambelanayo kuvavanyo loxinzelelo. I-die-cast inezinga eliphezulu le-scrap ngenxa yokuvuza. Oko kuzaliswa kucothayo kunye nokuqiniswa kwesikhokelo kwenza umahluko.
UMtyholi kwiiNkcukacha: Uyilo lweMold kunye noLawulo lweThermal
Kulapho 'isandla sengcibi' singena khona, nanamhlanje. Uyilo lokungunda lokuphosa umxhuzulane luyinto yonke. Isango lokungena—indlela intsimbi engena ngayo emngxunyeni—asilojelo nje; yinkqubo yokulawula i-thermal kunye ne-hydraulic. Kufuneka uyilwe ukunciphisa isiphithiphithi kodwa nokuqinisekisa ukuba awona macandelo atyebileyo ayondliwa ngokufanelekileyo njengoko intsimbi icutheka. Ndichithe iiyure ngesoftware yokulinganisa ukuhamba, kuphela kufuneka ndidibanise isikhunta sokwenyani kuba iimodeli zezinto zesoftware bezingalunganga kwibhetshi yethu yealloyi.
Emva koko kukho iqondo lobushushu lokungunda. Le yimfazwe eqhubekayo. Kubanda kakhulu, kwaye isinyithi siya kuphola ngokukhawuleza, okukhokelela kwimitruns okanye ukuvalwa okubandayo. Kushushu kakhulu, kwaye ubeka umngcipheko we-solder (ukuphosa ukuncamathela kwisikhunta), imijikelezo ecothayo, kunye ne-grainy, isakhiwo esibuthathaka. Uphuhlisa isingqisho. Tfutha, uthele, pholile, ukhuphe, utshize kwakhona. Uhlobo lwengubo yokufa oyisebenzisayo-i-spray-based spray-ichaphazela ukukhutshwa kobushushu kunye nokukhululwa. Ukufumana oko kuhambelanayo bubugcisa obuninzi kunenzululwazi ngamanye amaxesha. Inkampani enale pat phantsi, ngathi Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), isebenzise amashumi eminyaka kolu lwazi lucwangcisiweyo. Unokuyibona ngokuhambelana kokusa kwabo. Bahlala kule nto iminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 (https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), kwaye loo mava aguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela abalawula ngayo imijikelo ye-thermal yokubumba kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuya kwii-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-nickel.
Ukungaphumeleli okwandifundisa kakhulu kwakukho ingalo ye-lever ekhangeleka ngokulula kwi-ductile iron. Uyilo lokungunda lujongeka njengencwadi yokufunda. Kodwa siye sahlala sifumana i-shrinkage porosity kwindawo ebalulekileyo ethwele umthwalo. Sazama ukwandisa ubushushu obuthululwayo, songeza iziphakamisi ... akukho nto yasebenza. Okokugqibela, umsunguli omdala uye wacebisa ukuba sifake isikhonkwane esincinci, esine-high-conductivity ephezulu yobhedu kudonga lokungunda olujongene nendawo yengxaki. Yayingekho kuyo nayiphi na incwadi yencwadana esinayo. Inyanzelise ukuba indawo ethile iqine kuqala, isalathisa ukushwabana emva kwisinyusi. Ingxaki isonjululwe. Yayisisifundo esikhohlakeleyo kulawulo lwendawo yobushushu.
Izinto eziKhethelwayo kunye neMida
Ukuphosa umxhuzulane iyaguquguquka, kodwa akunjalo ngokungenasiphelo. I-aluminiyam kunye ne-magnesium alloys zixhaphakile, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngenxa yobuninzi bazo obuhle. Iibrasi ezithile kunye neebronzi zigalela kakuhle. Intsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye nentsimbi nazo zenziwa ngenkqubo yomxhuzulane, nangona rhoqo kubumba lwesanti endaweni yokubumba intsimbi esisigxina ngenxa yobushushu obugqithileyo bokugalela, obunokutshabalalisa ukungunda kwentsimbi ngokukhawuleza. Xa ujonga ingcaphephe efana ne-QSY, ubuchule babo budlula ukungunda kweqokobhe kunye notyalo-mali ecaleni kwesakhono sabo somatshini. Oku kuyaxela. Ukuphoswa komxhuzulane kwizibungu ezisisigxina sisixhobo esinye. Kwiialloyi zobushushu obuphezulu okanye iijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo ngendlela engakholelekiyo, zinokutshintshela kwi-investment casting. Ukhetho luhlala luqhutywa ngukuziphatha kwezinto kunye nemfuno yokugqibela yenxalenye.
Umda kunye nokungunda okusisigxina ukuphosa umxhuzulane imalunga nonyamezelo lwemathiriyeli yokungunda kubushushu. Awuyi kugalela isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo esingenasici kwi-1500 ° C + kwi-mold yentsimbi ngokuphindaphindiweyo-iya kujika kwaye ithobe ngokukhawuleza. Ke, kwizinto eziphakamileyo ezinyibilikayo, ubona intshukumo yokubumba iqokobhe leceramic enye-off (utyalo-mali) okanye ukubumba kwesanti, apho ukungunda kubingelelwa khona. Umgaqo 'womxhuzulane' usengasebenza ekugaleleni, kodwa inkqubo yokungunda yahlukile. Lo ngumahluko obalulekileyo osoloko ujikwa.
Siye sazama kanye nge-cobalt-based alloy part. Umxhasi wayefuna ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kodwa wayenethemba lokungunda okusisigxina kwiindleko. Ityala laba yintlekele. Nokuba kukho iingubo zeceramic eziphucukileyo, ukothuka kwe-thermal kwintsimbi yokubumba kwaba yintlekele emva kokugalelwa okumbalwa. Kuye kwafuneka sibuyele umva kwaye sicebise indlela echanekileyo yotyalo-mali, abaye bayisebenzisa ekugqibeleni. Kufuneka uyazi imida yenkqubo.
Ukudityaniswa noMachining: Ukuqukuqela okungenamthungo
Phantse akukho nxalenye yokuphoswa komxhuzulane egqityezelwayo. Kuya kufuneka umatshini wobuso obubalulekileyo, ugrumbe imingxuma, yongeza imisonto. Apha kulapho inkqubo yokuphosa kufuneka iyilwe ngomatshini engqondweni. Ukungaguquguquki yinkosi ye-machinist. Ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuphosa ivelisa ukwahluka kobunzima bodonga okanye amabala aqinileyo ukusuka ekupholiseni okungalinganiyo, uya kutshisa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo kwaye ufumane ukusasazeka kwe-dimensional. Ukuqhutywa kakuhle ukuphosa umxhuzulane inkqubo kufuneka ivelise kwangaphambili, izibonelelo zestokhwe ezifanayo.
Olu luncedo lomsebenzi odibeneyo othe nkqo. Inkampani eyenza zombini ukuphosa kunye nomatshini we-CNC phantsi kophahla olunye, njenge-QSY, ine-loop yengxelo exabiseke kakhulu. Iqela lomatshini lixelela i-Foundry ukuba i-lug ethile ihlala iqinile kakhulu, okanye ukuba ubuso bedatum bunoguquko oluninzi. I-Foundry inokuhlengahlengisa ukupholisa ngundo okanye ulandelelwano lokugalela. Kolu ludibaniso olujika ukuphosa okulungileyo kube yinto ethembekileyo, echanekileyo. Iwebhusayithi yabo (https://www.tsingtaocnc.com) iqaqambisa le ntsebenziswano-ayiloluhlu lweenkonzo nje; yinkcazelo yokuqukuqela kokwenziwa kwemveliso.
Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yezindlu ze-aluminiyam apho imveliso yomatshini yehla ngequbuliso. Oomatshini babekhalaza ngokunxitywa kwesixhobo ngokukhawuleza kwindawo enye engaphakathi. Imbonakalo yayintle. Siyilandele emva kotshintsho kwipateni yokutshiza yebhatyi yokufa. Yayibangela ukuba loo ndawo yokungunda iqhube ipholile kancinci, idala i-microstructure ecolekileyo, elukhuni kobo buso bokuphosa. Uhlengahlengiso oluncinci kwindlela yerobhothi yesitshizi yalungisa. Ngaphandle kwamaqela adlalayo kunye noomatshini abathetha mihla le, loo mcimbi ubunokutsalwa ziiveki.
Imigibe eqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuyiphepha
Ngaphandle kwezinto zobugcisa, kukho imigibe ebonakalayo. Enye inzima kakhulu ukungunda ukuze kuncitshiswe umatshini. Ngamanye amaxesha kubanexabiso eliphantsi ukuphosa imilo elula kunye nomatshini kude nentsimbi engaphezulu kunokwakha kunye nokugcina ukubumba okuntsonkothileyo okuphambeneyo kunye neecores eziethe-ethe. Enye kukutyeshela ishedyuli yogcino lokungunda. Iintanda, ukhukuliseko lwamasango, idyasi eyakhiweyo—ezi zinto ziwuthoba kancinci umgangatho. Udinga irejimeni engqongqo yokuhlolwa kunye nokuhlaziywa.
Owona mgibe mkhulu, ngokokubona kwam, kukunyanga ukuphosa umxhuzulane njengokhetho 'lobuchwephesha obuphantsi' kwaye ke ngoko ukungatyali mali kulawulo lwenkqubo. Ukubeka iliso kugalela iqondo lobushushu ngokuchanekileyo, ukulawula imimandla yobushushu bomngundo, usebenzisa umgangatho olungileyo, izinto ezihlawuliswayo ezingaguqukiyo ezi azizondawo zokusika iikona. Inkqubo yomxhuzulane iyaxolela ngandlel’ ithile, kodwa yohlwaya ngokuqatha ukungangqinelani. Iziphene zisenokungabonakali kude kube kuvavanyo lokugqibela okanye, okubi ngakumbi, ebaleni.
Ekugqibeleni, unxibelelwano nomyili lubalulekile. Udla ngokufuna ukubafundisa ngee-engile zokuyila, uguqulo lobungakanani bodonga olululo, kunye nokubaluleka kwamacandelo afanayo kule nkqubo. Uyilo olugqibeleleyo lokubumba okanye ukuyila inokuba liphupha elibi ukuphosa ngokuvakalayo. Ukubandakanyeka kwangethuba yeyona ndlela yokuphepha iprojekthi eyingxaki. Imalunga nokumisela ulindelo oluyinyani olusekwe kwifiziksi yesinyithi equkuqelayo kwaye iqina phantsi kobunzima bayo-ingqikelelo elula ekhohlisayo ethi, xa isenziwa, ifuna ubunzulu bamava ukuze uyilawule.
