Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'umatshini wokuchwetheza ochanekileyo', ngoko nangoko bafane bafane nohlobo lwe-Swiss-type lathes ekhupha iindawo ezincinci, ezintsonkothileyo. Ayonto iphosakeleyo, kodwa yimbonakalo yomgangatho ophezulu. Owona mceli mngeni, eyona nxalenye ihlukanisa iivenkile, ayipheleli nje ekubambeni ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo-kumalunga nokulawula yonke imo yokuphila yenxalenye, ukusuka kwindlela yokuziphatha ngokwezinto eziphathekayo ukuya kuxinzelelo lwasemva komatshini, ngakumbi xa ujongana nezinto ezinzima njenge-nickel-based alloys. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi kakhulu lusiza luchaza ukunyamezelana kungqongqo kunokuba kuyimfuneko, kuqhubela phambili iindleko ngaphandle koncedo olusebenzayo. Ukuchaneka kukucwangcisa, kungekhona nje ukusika.
I-Material yi-Blueprint yokuQala
Awukwazi ukuthetha ngomsebenzi ochanekileyo ngaphandle kokuqala ngesitokhwe. Apha kulapho iingqikelelo ezininzi zisilela khona. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye neminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu ekujuleni nasekusebenzeni, ifumana oku ngethuku. Abafumani nje iibhiliti; badla ngokuqala ngeyabo icastings. I-homogeneity, imeko yoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ukusuka kwigobolondo lokubumba okanye inkqubo yotyalo-mali-ebeka inqanaba layo yonke into ezayo emva kwayo. Ukuba izinto ezisisiseko zinokungahambelani, inkqubo yakho yomatshini ibhala nje, hayi ukudala ukuchaneka.
Ukusebenza ngee-alloys ezikhethekileyo, yithi kwi-high-temperature fastener ye-aerospace, utshintshe umdlalo ngokupheleleyo. I-cobalt-based alloys isebenza ngokukhawuleza. Indlela yakho yesixhobo, ukondla, kunye nesantya iba luthethathethwano nemathiriyeli, hayi umyalelo. Inkqubo echanekileyo engayibaleliyo le nto iya kuvelisa indawo entle enomda ozele ziintanda ezincinci okanye ezinomaleko oqinileyo womphezulu oya kusilela enkonzweni. Unyamezelo kushicilelo lunokuba yi ± 0.0005, kodwa eyona nkcazo yimfezeko yolwakhiwo lweenkozo.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yesikhondo sevalvu yokulawula ulwelo. Ushicilelo lubiza i-316 engenastainless, kodwa isicelo sibandakanya uxinzelelo lwebhayisekile. Sicebise ukuba utshintshele kwi-vacuum-nyibilikisiwe eyahlukileyo kunye nolawulo olungqongqo kwizinto ezifakiwe. Iindleko ngokungenanto zinyukile, kodwa ukucutheka kokunxitywa kwesixhobo kunye nokupheliswa kokusilela okungaqhelekanga ngexesha lovavanyo lobungqina kugcine ubukhulu obungakumbi. I ukuchaneka screw machining yayifana kwiphepha, kodwa isiphumo sahlukile kuba izinto zaziphathwa njengento eguquguqukayo, kungekhona rhoqo.
Apho Ukuphosa Kudibaniswa Noomatshini: IHandoff ebalulekileyo
Le yisosi eyimfihlo yokusebenza ngokuthe nkqo. Kwiziko elenza zombini, njenge-QSY, iqela lomatshini alisebenzi ngokuchasene nokuphosa okungaziwa. Banembali nayo. Bayayazi izibonelelo zokucutheka ezisetyenzisiweyo, iindawo eziqhelekileyo zesango, ukubakho kweendawo ezincinci ze-porosity kwiijometri ezithile. Oku akubhalwanga nakuwuphi na umhambi; lulwazi lwezizwe.
Kwizindlu ezinotyalo-mali ezintsonkothileyo ezifuna amazibuko achanekileyo, unomatshini uyazi ukuba zeziphi iidatum ezithembeke kakhulu kwi-casting. Basenokushiya isiqingatha se-millimeter esongezelelweyo kudonga oluthile, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba ushicilelo lufuna oko, kodwa ngenxa yokuba besazi ukuba udonga olukwelo ngxubevange luthande ukugqwesa kancinci ngexesha lokuphatha ubushushu, kwaye bayakubetha i-spec yokugqibela emva kwelo nyathelo. Oku kunjalo ukuchaneka screw machining ukucinga kwimilinganiselo emine, ukongeza ixesha kunye nolandelelwano lwenkqubo kwi-stack yokunyamezela.
Imowudi yokungaphumeleli kwe-handoff endiyibonileyo kuxa ukwenziwa kwe-siloed. Bafumana ukuphosa, bayibambe, kwaye baqalise ukusika. Ukuba i-casting inesaphetha esincinci ukusuka kuxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, bayakuyimatshini ngqo ... kuphela ukuba ibuyele emva emva kokuba i-clamps ikhululiwe. Inxalenye ngoku isisilahlwa, kodwa ilinganise ngokugqibeleleyo kwiCMM ngelixa ilungisiwe. Ukudibanisa kuyakuthintela oku. Isicwangciso somatshini siyinxalenye yophononongo loyilo lokuphosa.
Ifilosofi yokuSebenza: Hayi nje malunga neSixhobo
Thetha naliphi na i-machinist, kwaye baya kuphuma kwijeyometri yesixhobo kunye neengubo. Ibalulekile loo nto. Kodwa ifilosofi emva kwesicwangciso sezixhobo yinto echaza ukubanakho kwevenkile. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu, umsebenzi omncinci we-alloys, imalunga nokuqikelelwa, hayi ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Silungelelanise uphawu oluthile lwe-micro-grain carbide efakwe ukugqiba ii-ops kwi-alloys yensimbi. Akunjalo ngenxa yokuba yayizezona zinzima kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ijiko labo lokunxiba lalinomgca kwaye linokuxelwa kwangaphambili. Singaqhuba iinxalenye ezilikhulu, silinganise ukunxitywa kwesixhobo, kunye noqikelelo oluthembekileyo lwexesha lokutshintsha izinto ezifakiweyo ngaphambi kokuqhutywa kokunyamezelana. Oku kuyadika, ukuchaneka okungafunekiyo. Ayizukuphumelela amabhaso esantya, kodwa isusa iibhetshi ezilahliweyo. Ungayifumana le ndlela yepragmatic eneenkcukacha kwizibonelelo zobugcisa kwindawo efana tsngtaocnc.com, apho kugxininiswa ekuthembekeni kwenkqubo kumacandelo abalulekileyo.
Ukupholisa ayisosithambiso nje; yinkqubo yolawulo lobushushu. Xa ubambe izishumi kwisikrufu esingenastainless, ubushushu obuvela ekusikeni kufuneka butsalwe ngokuqhubekayo. I-5-degree Celsius swing kwinxalenye yobushushu inokuvuthela ukunyamezela kwakho. Sasinomsebenzi apho iindawo zilinganisa i-in-spec kumatshini kodwa ayiphumelelanga i-QA yokugqibela. Ingxaki? Igumbi le-CMM lalipholile nge-10 degrees. Amalungu aye aqhawuka. Ukuchaneka kwalahleka kwifiziksi esisiseko. Ngoku, i-equilibrium ye-thermal yinxalenye yoluhlu lwethu lokujonga inqaku lokuqala.
I-Fallacy yokuLungisa
Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ukulungiswa okulungileyo kungundoqo. Ubuxoki kukucinga okuntsonkothileyo, ukulungiswa kwesiko kuhlala kuyimpendulo. Kuba yinyani ukuchaneka screw machining, ngakumbi kwi-legacy multi-spindle automatics okanye i-lathes yaseSwitzerland, ngamanye amaxesha esona sisombululo sibalaseleyo yi-collet eqhelekileyo eguquliweyo okanye iziko eliphilileyo elibekwe ngononophelo.
Ndiyifunde kabuhlungu le nto. Uyilwe into entle, ezinikeleyo yosapho lwamalungu obhedu. Yayibamba ezintandathu ngexesha, isebenze zonke iimpawu kwi-op enye. Ngokwethiyori, igqibelele. Ngokwesiqhelo, nayiphi na itshiphu encinci efakwe kumzimba wesixhobo iya kuthambeka inxalenye ethile, ikhuphe yonke ibhetshi. Sichithe ixesha elingakumbi sicoca kwaye siqinisekisa ulungiselelo kuneendawo eziqhubayo. Ubuyele kwindlela elula, enenxalenye enye yokusebenza kwekholethi. Ixesha lomjikelo kwinxalenye nganye belinde, kodwa isiphumo esipheleleyo kunye nesivuno siye sanyuka. Ukuchaneka rhoqo malunga nokunciphisa iinguqu, kungekhona ukongeza ubunzima.
Kwixesha elide, izikrufu ezicekethekileyo-cinga izikrufu ezikhokelayo okanye i-actuator shafts-i-fixture yinkqubo yonke. Ulwa nokuphambuka. Iqhinga akusoloko kukuphumla okuzinzileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha lulandelelwano lwemisebenzi: jika, khulula uxinzelelo, uze ugqibezele ukujika. Umatshini inxalenye kabini ukuyivumela ukuba ifumane imeko yayo yendalo phakathi. Ixesha lomatshini liphindwe kabini, kodwa inxalenye isebenza. Olo lucazululo lweendleko-inzuzo ongayi kufumana kwincwadi yokufunda.
Umlinganiselo yinkqubo, hayi iNyathelo
Uhlolo lokugqibela ayilolawulo lomgangatho; luphicotho. Umgangatho wokwenyani wakhiwe kwinkqubo. Ukwenziwa kwescrew machining, oku kuthetha ukulinganisa kwinkqubo, ukuqokelelwa kwedatha ye-SPC kwimilinganiselo ebalulekileyo, kwaye-ngokubaluleke kakhulu-ukuqonda into oyenzayo.
Icandelo lofakelo lwezonyango olunemisonto lunokuba nedayamitha enkulu egqibeleleyo kunye nenowuthi. Kodwa ukuba ingcambu yentambo ine-radius microscopic evela kwisixhobo esigugileyo, iba yinto yoxinzelelo. Igeyiji yokulinganisa iplagi esemgangathweni iya kuyigqithisa. Isithelekisi sokubona okanye iprofilometer inokuyifumana. Inkcazo yokuchaneka kwaloo nxalenye iquka inkcazo yokugqiba umphezulu kwingcambu. Kufuneka ulinganise into efanelekileyo.
Sidibanise i-laser micrometer elula kwisitokhwe sesondlo somsebenzi wepini ephezulu. Yayingeyokuhlela; yayiyeyokubeka iliso. Ukubona ububanzi besitokhwe sebha engenayo sikhukuliseka ngeemicrons ezimbalwa kusivumele ukuba silungelelanise ngokuqhubekayo izixhobo zokususa izixhobo phambi kokuba iindawo zikhukuliseke ngaphandle kwe-spec. Le yingqondo yengqondo: ukulinganisa njengempendulo yempendulo kumatshini, kungekhona nje isango lokudlula / ukungaphumeleli ekupheleni. Ilungelelaniswa nendlela ebanzi oyibonayo kubaboneleli abasekiweyo abaphatha ikhonkco elipheleleyo, ukusuka ekukhethweni kwealloyi ukuya kwi-metrology yokugqibela.
Ukuyibuyisela Yonke Emgangathweni
Khona oku kusishiya phi? Ukuchaneka kwe-screw machining asilosebe; yinkcubeko. Ngumntu wezinto eziphathekayo othetha neqela elidlalayo, othetha nomdwelisi weprogram, ophulaphula i-machinist eqhuba umsebenzi, owondla idatha kwi-engineer esemgangathweni. Imalunga nokwenza izigqibo ngenkqubo yonke engqondweni.
Xa ujonga amandla enkampani, njengalawo achazwe kwi-QSY, isitshixo ayiloluhlu loomatshini. Yinyaniso yokuba bebesenza ukuphosa kunye nokwenza oomatshini phantsi kophahla olunye ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-30. Obo bomi bude bucebisa ukuba bazisombulule ezi ngxaki zohlanganiso. Baye bafunda, ngokuzama kunye nempazamo, indlela yokwenza umatshini wokuphosa ngaphandle kokuyothusa, indlela yokukhetha i-alloy eya kumatshini ngokucocekileyo kwaye isebenze ebaleni, kwaye xa ukunyamezela ± 0.001 kulungile ngokwaneleyo.
Uvavanyo lokugqibela luhlala luyinxalenye yesicelo. Ndikhe ndabona izikrufu zoomatshini zisilela kuba ukuchaneka kwakunzulu eluswini kuphela. Kwaye ndibone iinxalenye ezineendawo ezimbalwa ezirhabaxa kwiindawo ezingabalulekanga zisebenza ngokungenasiphako amashumi eminyaka kuba iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zenziwe ngokuqonda okunzulu kwezinto, inkqubo kunye nomsebenzi. Leyo yinjongo yokwenene. Imoshakele, iyaphindaphinda, kwaye igcwele iminxeba yomgwebo. Kwaye yiloo nto eyenza ukuba bubuchule bokwenyani, hayi nje umgca kwiphepha lesakhono.
