Xa usiva i-'metal powder metallurgy', umfanekiso ongoko nangoko ukholisa ukuba ngoomatshini bokushicilela obuzihambelayo abakhupha iindawo ezigqibeleleyo nezintsokothileyo. Leyo yinguqulelo yencwadana. Inyani, ngakumbi xa ukhangela okanye udibanisa la malungu kwiindibano ezinkulu, kubi ngakumbi. Kumalunga nokuqonda apho amandla okwenene alele khona-kungekhona nje kwi-sintering yokugqibela, kodwa kwiimpawu zomgubo, iinkqubo zokubopha, kunye nemisebenzi yesibini ehlala ingahoywa. Uninzi lucinga ukuba yindawo yokumisa enye yeengxenye ezinokwakheka komnatha, kodwa bangayihoyi indima ebalulekileyo yomatshini wasemva kwe-sintering okanye ukungena ngaphakathi. Lo msantsa phakathi kolindelo kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kulapho uninzi lweeprojekthi sikhubeka.
I-Powder ngokwayo: Apho yonke into iqala khona kwaye inokuhamba kakubi
Yonke le nto iqala nge-feedstock. Awukwazi ukuthetha ngayo isinyithi somgubo wesinyithi ngaphandle kokufumana igranular malunga nomgubo. Ndizibonile iiprojekthi zicacisa umgubo wentsimbi yegeneric kuphela ukujongana nokuncipha kwe-sintering kunye ne-warpage. Ulwabiwo lobungakanani bamasuntswana, i-morphology (spherical vs. irregulability), kunye nokuqukuqela ayizonkcukacha nje zedata; bayalela ukuxinana okuluhlaza kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ingqibelelo yenxalenye. Umthengisi uye wasithumela i-batch ye-316L powder ebonakala ilungile kodwa inomxholo ophezulu we-oksijeni. Waba yintoni umphumo emva kokuba sintering? I-embrittlement kunye nokunyuka komphezulu. Sifunde kabuhlungu ukuba iicerts zilungile, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ufuna eyakho indawo ekhangelwe, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo.
Apha kulapho intsebenziswano yexesha elide ibalulekile. Inkampani efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), kunye nemvelaphi yabo yeminyaka engama-30 ekufakeni nasekusebenzeni ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo, bayayiqonda indlela yokuziphatha kwezinto eziphathekayo kwinqanaba elisisiseko. Ngelixa zaziwa ngokuphosa utyalo-mali, olo lwazi lunzulu lwe-metallurgical luyaguqulela. Xa zifumana umgubo a isinyithi somgubo wesinyithi iprojekthi-masithi, icandelo le-nickel-based superalloy-ayithengi nje imveliso; bayayivavanya ngokuchasene nelifa lokwazi ukuba isinyithi siziphatha njani phantsi kobushushu kunye noxinzelelo. Loo mbono ixabiseke gqitha.
Ukhetho phakathi komgubo owenziwe ngeatomized ngamanzi kunye negesi-olunye ubizo lokugweba. I-gas-atomized ithande ukuba singqukuva ngakumbi, ihamba ngcono xa igcwaliswa ifa, kwaye ihlala ivelisa iipropathi ezingcono zokugqibela. Kodwa ibiza kakhulu. Kwi-volume ephezulu, inxalenye yolwakhiwo engabalulekanga kangako, iatomized yamanzi inokwanela ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye icuthe iindleko kakhulu. Luhlobo lorhwebo olwahlula uyilo lwethiyori ukusuka kwimveliso, enexabiso eliphantsi.
Ukusuka kwiCompaction ukuya kwiSintering: Inqanaba Lokwenza okanye Lokwaphulwa
Ukudibanisa kubonakala kuthe ngqo: cofa umgubo kwidayiti. Kodwa ukufana kokusabalalisa uxinzelelo kubugcisa obumnyama. Amalungu amanqanaba amaninzi aneenguqu ezibalulekileyo zobude adume kakubi ngeegradients zokuxinana. Sakhe saba ne-hub yegiya apho iflange yayigqibelele, kodwa indawo esembindini yebhore yayingaphantsi-xinene, nto leyo ekhokelela kukusilela kokucheba ekusebenziseni. Isisombululo ibingengomatshini wokushicilela wetoni ophezulu; yayiyi-redesign of the tooling kunye neepunch ezininzi kunye nohlengahlengiso oluhlakaniphile lwe-powder-feed. Yongeza kwiindleko zesixhobo kodwa yagcina inxalenye.
I-Sintering kulapho umlingo-kunye noloyiko-lwenzeka khona. Umoya wesithando somlilo uyinto yonke. Ukucinywa kancinci kwe-stoichiometry kumxube wakho we-hydrogen-nitrogen kunokukhokelela kwi-decarburization okanye, ngakumbi, i-carbon pickup kwiindawo zentsimbi. I-vacuum sintering iyamangalisa kwizinto ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-titanium okanye ezo zinto zikhethekileyo i-QSY isebenza nazo, kodwa yinkqubo enzima kakhulu. Iireyithi zeerempu, amaqondo obushushu okufunxa, kunye nemijikelo yokupholisa zonke ziphuma kumava, hayi nje ijiko lencwadi. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yamalungu e-cobalt-chrome aphuhlise i-micro-cracks kuba izinga lokupholisa lalinobundlongondlongo kwindlela ethile yokubopha esiyisebenzisayo. Ukutshintshela loo mjikelo kuthathe eminye imitsi emithathu yesithando somlilo kunye nereferensi eninzi kunye nedatha yomthengisi womgubo.
Kukwafanelekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-sintering ayifane inike i-net-shape eyinyani. Kuhlala kukho utshintsho oluthile. Ukulindela kunye nokuyila oko kunyamezelwa sintered kubalulekile. Ngamanye amaxesha, ujonge imeko ye-sinter-forge apho uthoba ngabom kwaye ulungelelanise. Ngamanye amaxesha, ucwangcisa ngokulula ukwenza oomatshini. Eli likhonkco lendalo kwiinkampani ezidibanisa iinkqubo. Inxalenye inokwenziwa nge isinyithi somgubo wesinyithi ukusebenza kakuhle kwayo kunye ne-net-net shape, emva koko ithunyelwe ukuchaneka CNC Machining ukufezekisa ukunyamezela kokugqibela kwiidayamitha ezibalulekileyo okanye iintambo. Yindlela yokwenza umxube eyenza eyona ngqiqo.
Indima ebalulekileyo yeMisebenzi yeSekondari
Oku mhlawumbi yeyona mbono inkulu. Abantu bacinga ukuba inxalenye iphuma kwiziko le-sinter elilungele ukuthunyelwa. Kude kungaze. Amalungu amaninzi afuna ubungakanani okanye i-coining-umsebenzi wokugqibela wokushicilela ukubetha i-specs eqinile. Abanye badinga unyango lomphunga ukwenzela ukumelana ne-oxidation yomhlaba kwiindawo ezisekwe kwintsimbi. Kwizicelo ezifuna uxinaniso loxinzelelo, njengezixhobo zehydraulic, ukufakwa kwe-resin linyathelo eliqhelekileyo kodwa eligudileyo. Fumana inqanaba levacuum elingalunganga kwigumbi lofakelo, kwaye isitywina asiyi kungena ngokupheleleyo kumphezulu we-porosity.
Emva koko kukho oomatshini. Izinto ezifakwe kwi-Sintered zinokuba ne-abrasive kwaye ziphazamise ukusikwa, okunzima kwizixhobo. Udinga amabakala afanelekileyo e-carbide kunye nokutya / isantya. Iqabane elinamandla CNC Machining ubuchwephesha, obufana noko ungakufumana kwifemu eneprofayile ye-QSY, kunenzuzo apha. Abakokontraka nje okwenziwa ngoomatshini; bayayiqonda indlela i-sintered microstructure iya kuziphatha ngayo phantsi kwesixhobo sokusika. Bayazi ukuba inxalenye inokuba nokuguquguquka okuncinci koxinzelelo olunokubangela incoko yesixhobo, kwaye banokucwangcisa kunye nesixhobo ngokufanelekileyo.
Unyango lobushushu emva kokuba sintering yenye umaleko. Yenzelwe ukuphucula iipropathi, kodwa kufuneka ulumke ungabangeli ukugqwetheka kwindawo esele ifakwe kwimilo echanekileyo. Ityala lokuqina kwegiya yentsimbi ene-sintered kufuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo ukunqanda amazinyo. Zezi nkqubo zasemva ezidityanisiweyo ezichaza ngokwenene ukusebenza kwenxalenye.
I-Synergies yeMathiriyeli: Xa i-Powder Metallurgy idibana nobuGcisa bokuCasa
Le yi-engile enomdla. Ngelixa isinyithi somgubo wesinyithi kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali kudla ngokubonwa njengeenkqubo ezikhuphisanayo, kukho intsebenziswano kulwazi oluphathekayo. Zombini zijongana nokwenza isinyithi ukusuka kwigranular okanye kwimo enyibilikisiweyo, kulandele ukuqina/ukuntywila. Inkampani esekelwe kutyalo-mali lwe-nickel kunye ne-alloys esekwe kwi-cobalt inoluvo olunzulu, oluphantse lube nengqiqo malunga nendlela ezi ngxubevange ezisabela ngayo kwimijikelo ye-thermal, isimilo sazo sokushwabana, kunye neempawu zabo zokugqibela zoomatshini.
Olu lwazi lugqithiselwa ngokuthe ngqo. Xa loo nkampani ivavanya a isinyithi somgubo wesinyithi Iprojekthi yecandelo le-alloy yobushushu obuphezulu, abaqali ukusuka ku-zero. Banokubuza imibuzo engcono: Ngaba le festile yokupholisa i-powder iya kubamba i-gamma prime formation esiyifunayo kule nickel alloy? okanye Ngokusekwe kumava ethu okuphosela ngeziqendu ezifanayo, loluphi unyango lobushushu lwasemva kwe-sinter oluya kwandisa ukuxhathisa kwe-creep? Oku asinto ithile; kusetyenziswa i-metallurgy. Kumthengi, ukusebenza nomboneleli onale ngqiqo yenkqubo enqamlezayo kususa umngcipheko kwisigaba sophuhliso kakhulu.
Ndiyibonile le nto idlala ngamacandelo enkqubo yamafutha. Uyilo lokuqala lubize utyalo-mali, kodwa kumacandelo athile amancinci anamajelo angaphakathi antsonkothileyo, isinyithi somgubo wesinyithi ngokubumba inaliti yesinyithi (MIM) ibonelela ngesisombululo esingcono sobunzima bemilo kunye nomatshini omncinci. Ubuchule obukhoyo bomthengisi be-alloy ngokwayo yenze inkqubo yenguqu kunye nophuhliso lweparameter lula kakhulu.
IiNgqwalasela eziSebenzayo kunye neeNyaniso zeNdleko
Masithethe ngamanani kunye nemiqulu. Iindleko eziphezulu zezixhobo zokudibanisa okanye i-MIM molds ithetha isinyithi somgubo wesinyithi ngumdlalo wevolumu. Ayifane ibe nengqiqo kwiiprototypes okanye ibaleke kumakhulu. Udinga amawaka, rhoqo amashumi amawaka, ukuze uhlawule iindleko zangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli kugqwesileyo, rhoqo ngaphezulu kwe-95%, ethi kwiialloyi ezibizayo ilugcino olukhulu xa kuthelekiswa nomatshini ovela kwisitokhwe sebha.
Ixesha lokukhokela ngomnye unobangela. Ngelixa ixesha lomjikelo ngenxalenye lifutshane, uyilo lwezixhobo, ukwenziwa, kunye nophuhliso lwenkqubo kuthatha iinyanga. Ayisosisombululo esikhawulezayo. Uphinde utshixelwe ngaphakathi nje ukuba isixhobo senziwe. Utshintsho loyilo, nokuba luncinci, lunokuthetha ukuguqulwa kwesixhobo esibiza imali eninzi okanye iseti entsha epheleleyo yokufa. Oku kufuna inqanaba eliphezulu lokuvuthwa koyilo ngaphambili, olungqubana nentanda-bulumko yangoku ekhawulezayo. Inyanzelisa uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwengqeqesho.
Ekugqibeleni, ulawulo lomgangatho luxhaphakile. Ayilokuhlola nje okokugqibela. Kuya kufuneka ubeke esweni amaqashiso omgubo, ubunzima benxalenye eluhlaza / ukuxinana, iilog zemozulu ezipholileyo, kunye nokujonga okubonakalayo kwinqanaba ngalinye. Iitshati zolawulo lwenkqubo yamanani ngumhlobo wakho osenyongweni. Yinkqubo evuza ukungaguquguquki kwaye yohlwaya ukuguquguquka. Yiyo loo nto ukufumana iqabane elinenkcubeko emiliselweyo yolawulo lwenkqubo-uhlobo olwakhiwe kumashumi eminyaka, njengakwifemu yokuvelisa eneminyaka engama-30-ayiyonto intle-ukuba nayo; ibalulekile kuyo nantoni na engaphaya kweyona nxalenye isisiseko sintered.
