Xa abantu bethetha 'ngeentlobo zobuchwephesha obuchanekileyo', bahlala bedwelisa iinkqubo ezifana nokusila, ukujika, ukucola. Akunjalo, kodwa iyayiphosa ingongoma. Ibali lokwenyani limalunga nokukhetha inkqubo efanelekileyo yezinto ezisezandleni zakho kunye nokunyamezelana kumzobo, kunye nendlela ezo nkqubo zihlala zisebenza kunye. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi kakhulu oluchaza ukugqitywa komphezulu okufikelelekayo kuphela ngokusila, kodwa inxalenye yejometri yenza ukubamba ukugaya kuphantse kungenzeki. Kulapho 'iintlobo' zokwenene ziqala khona ukudlala-hayi nje oomatshini, kodwa ulandelelwano kunye nenjongo.
Iqala ngokuCasa: iSiseko soMachining
Oku kunokubonakala kucacile, kodwa awukwazi ukuthetha ngomatshini ochanekileyo kumxholo wethu ngaphandle kokuqala ngokuphosa. Ukuphoswa kakubi kuqinisekisa inxalenye yomatshini egcwele intloko ebuhlungu. Ndisebenze nababoneleli abaphatha ukuphosa kunye noomatshini njengehlabathi elahlukileyo, kwaye isiphumo sihlala sixabisa ngakumbi kunye nexesha. Inkampani efumana oku ngokufanelekileyo, njengaye Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), isebenza ngokwahlukileyo. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 kokubini kokusasa kunye nokwenza, bayaqonda ukuba iqokobhe elilungileyo lokungunda okanye utyalo-mali alukho malunga nokumila nje; imalunga nokubonelela ngesiseko esingaguqukiyo, esinesandi esinoxinzelelo oluncinci olushiyekileyo. Ukutshiza inxalenye kwi-cobalt-based alloy investment casting ngamava ahlukeneyo kunokuqala ngesitokhwe sebha esetyenzisiweyo-imilinganiselo ye-machining, isixhobo sokunxiba, yonke into iyatshintsha.
Indlela yabo kunye nezixhobo ezifana nentsimbi ye-ductile okanye i-316 insimbi engenasici kukuqwalasela umatshini ukusuka kwinqanaba lepatheni. Ii-engile zokuyila, imigca yokwahlulahlula, zonke zibekwe ngeliso lomatshini. Le asiyothiyori; imalunga nokunqanda imeko apho uzama ukuthatha inxeba elinzima kudonga olucekethekileyo lokuphosa, ubangele ukungcangcazela kunye nokonakalisa isiphelo. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yendlu yempompo apho uyilo lokuqala lokuphosa lwalunomgangatho obalulekileyo wokutywina kwindawo eyayiphantse ifikeleleke. Kuphela kungenxa yokuba i-Foundry (enye enomatshini odibeneyo njengoko unokuyifumana tsngtaocnc.com) ibandakanyeke kwangethuba ukuba siyilwe ngokutsha isiseko ukuze sivumele ukufikelela kwesixhobo esifanelekileyo.
I-synergy ingundoqo. Ubungcali babo kuzo zombini i-shell mold casting kunye ne-CNC machining phantsi kophahla olunye kuthetha ukuba ucwangciso lwenkqubo luyadityaniswa. Ukusaswa akunto nje ingenanto; linyathelo lokuqala, elibalulekileyo kulandelelwano oluchanekileyo lomatshini. Oku kuphelisa uqikelelo oluninzi kunye nokutshintshwa kwetyala okwenzekayo xa kufunwa abathengisi abahlukeneyo.
I-CNC Machining: Ihashe lokuSebenza kunye neeNuances zalo
Ngoku, kwisiganeko esiphambili. Xa sisithi CNC machining, yicawa ebanzi. Kwi-volume ephezulu, iindawo ezilula ngakumbi ukusuka kwi-castings yazo, amaziko okugaya ama-multi-axis ayindlela yokuya. Kodwa igama elithi 'ukuchaneka' apha liyahambelana. Ukubamba ± 0.05mm kwisibiyeli sentsimbi yinto enye; Ukuzuza ±0.005mm kwisitulo sevalve kwialloyi ekhethekileyo lelinye irhamncwa ngokupheleleyo.
Ukhetho phakathi kwe-3-axis, 4-axis, okanye i-5-axis ayikho nje malunga nobunzima; ihlala imalunga nokunciphisa ukusetha. Ngalo lonke ixesha ulungisa kwakhona inxalenye, wazisa impazamo enokwenzeka. Kwicandelo leinjini yotyalo-mali entsonkothileyo kwi-nickel-based alloy, sihlala sikhetha umatshini we-5-axis ukugqiba umgangatho obalulekileyo kulungiselelo olunye. Iindleko ngeyure ziphezulu, kodwa inxalenye yokugqibela yokuchaneka kunye nokungaguquguquki kubhetele kakhulu. Ndenze impazamo yokuzama ukonga imali ngokwahlula-hlula imisebenzi phakathi koomatshini be-3-axis, kwaye ukupakishwa konyamezelo oluqokelelweyo yayiliphupha elibi ukulungisa.
Emva koko kukho ukujika. Kwiindawo ezijikelezayo ezivela kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo okanye isitokhwe sentsimbi, ukujika kwe-CNC ngezixhobo eziphilayo kubalulekile. Kodwa ukuchaneka ukuguqula intsimbi engatyiwa, ngakumbi amabanga anzima, ngumdaniso phakathi kwesantya, ukondla, kunye nokupholisa. Ukudibanisa okungalunganga kukhokelela ekusebenzeni nzima, okutshabalalisa isixhobo sakho kwaye bonakalise ingqibelelo yomphezulu. Lulwazi olubambekayo-ukuphulaphula ukusikwa, ukubukela umbala we-chip kunye nefom. Akukho ncwadana yeprogram enokufundisa ngokupheleleyo loo nto.
UkuGqibela: Apho Ukuchaneka Kwenyani kuvela khona
Apha kulapho iingxoxo ezininzi malunga neentlobo zokuchaneka komatshini zisilela khona. Baphatha ukungqusha/ukujika njengesiphelo. Ngokwenyani, kwiindawo ezifuna ukuchaneka kokwenyani-cinga ngama-hydraulic manifolds, izihlalo ezithwele, okanye iindawo zokutywina-linqanaba lokuphela kokugqiba. Ukugaya kulapho kwenzeka khona umlingo. Kodwa nokugaya kuneentlobo zayo: ukugaya umphezulu, ukugaya i-cylindrical, ukugaya okungenaziko.
Sasineprojekthi yokwenza ishafti eyenziwe ngentsimbi eqinileyo. Ukuguquka kuye kwasondela, kodwa ukuthwala ukulingana kufuna i-Ra 0.2μm ukugqiba kunye nokunyamezela kwejometri yee-microns ezimbalwa. Leyo yi-cylindrical grinding territory. Iqhinga yayilulandelelwano: ukujika okurhabaxa, ukuphatha ubushushu, ukugqiba ukujika, emva koko ugaye. Ukuba uzama ukucola izinto ezininzi emva kokunyanga ubushushu, uvelisa ubushushu obuninzi kunye nomngcipheko wokufudumeza umphezulu. Sisenzo sokulinganisa.
Ngamanye amaxesha, nokusila akwanele. Kumphezulu ogudileyo kakhulu okanye ukususa iincopho zemicroscopic ezishiywe kukusila, ukuhonjiswa okanye ukuqhwatywa kuyangena. Ezi azixhaphakanga kwiivenkile zemisebenzi ngokubanzi kodwa zibalulekile kumashishini afana nombane omanzi okanye i-aerospace. Ndikhumbula i-valve spool esayenzayo eyayihlala ibambelele emva kokusila. Ingxaki ibikukukhanya okuncinci, kwinqanaba elincinci le-micron kumphezulu wecylindrical. Isisombululo yaba yinkqubo yokuhombisa ngokukhawuleza. Ayizange itshintshe imilinganiselo kakhulu, kodwa iguqule ukuthungwa komphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba isebenze ngokugqibeleleyo. Nantsi i-nuance: ukuchaneka akulonani nje; luphawu olufanelekileyo lwesicelo.
Izinto eziphathekayo nguzwilakhe
Awukwazi ukwahlula uhlobo lomatshini kwizinto eziphathekayo. Ukusebenza kunye QSYIzinto eziqhelekileyo njengentsimbi etyhidiweyo iyaxolela; isebenza kakuhle, ivelisa iitshiphusi ezimfutshane, kwaye inobubele kwizixhobo zokusebenza. Intsimbi yomelele kodwa iyaqikelelwa. Insimbi engenasici, ngakumbi amabakala e-austenitic, i-gummy kwaye ithandeka kumphetho owakhiweyo. Udinga izixhobo ezibukhali, ii-engile zehariki ezilungileyo, kwaye mhlawumbi i-coating eyahlukileyo.
Kodwa owona mceli mngeni ukhethekileyo: i-cobalt-based kunye ne-nickel-based alloys. Ezi zizinto zamaphupha amabi kwingcibi engazilungiselelanga. Basebenza ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, bagqithise kakhulu, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal kubi, ngoko ukushisa kugxininise kwinqanaba lokusika. Kwezi, yonke into iyatshintsha. Izantya zisezantsi, ukutya kunokuba phezulu ukungena phantsi komgangatho owenziwe lukhuni, kwaye ukhetho lwebakala le-carbide lubalulekile. Sifunde kabuhlungu ukuba ukusebenzisa i-TiAlN esemgangathweni yokusila egqunywe kwinxalenye yeStellite kubangele ukuba isixhobo sinyibilike kunye nokulahlwa. Ukutshintshela kwibakala elikhethekileyo elinomxholo ophezulu we-cobalt kunye nejometri eyahlukileyo yayikuphela kwendlela. Apha kulapho amava omthengisi, njengeminyaka engama-30 eqatshelweyo Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., baye babonakale—kusenokwenzeka ukuba baye batshisa izixhobo ezaneleyo ukuze bazi oko kusebenzayo.
Isicwangciso sokupholisa siba siphambili apha. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu, into yokupholisa ngesixhobo asiyonto yobumnandi; yimfuneko ukuqhekeza iitshiphusi kwaye uthwale ubushushu kude. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukugqiba ukupasa kwezi superalloys, sinokusebenzisa eyona ndlela incinci yokuthambisa ubungakanani (MQL) ukufikelela kumphezulu ongcono ngaphandle komothuko wobushushu. Akukho ubungakanani obufanayo-bonke.
Ukuyibeka Ndawonye: Ulandelelwano lokwenyani lweHlabathi
Ke, injani inkqubo yomatshini echanekileyo echanekileyo ijongeka njani kwinxalenye entsonkothileyo? Masithathe i-hypothetical kodwa yokwenyani yokuhambisa impompo kwi-duplex steel stainless, ivela kwi-investment casting. Okokuqala, ukuphosa kwi-Foundry kufuneka kuhlolwe. Mhlawumbi ukudubula ngokukhawuleza ukuqhushumba ukuyicoca. Emva koko, iya kwi-lathe ye-CNC yokuguqula i-bore kunye nobuso obungasemva-oku kuseka i-datum yokuqala. Okulandelayo, ifuduselwa kwi-4 okanye i-5-axis mill. Apha, iincakuba, iqhiya yangaphambili, kunye nawo nawaphi na amazibuko enziwe ngoomatshini. Oku kunzima, ukusika okuphazamisekileyo, ngoko ukuzinza kwesixhobo kubalulekile.
Emva koko, mhlawumbi kukho inyathelo lokunciphisa uxinzelelo ukuba umatshini ubundlongondlongo. Emva koko, buyela kwi-lathe okanye i-grinder yokugqiba iindawo ezibalulekileyo zokutywina kunye nokuthwala ukunyamezela kokugqibela. Ekugqibeleni, ukuchithwa, ukucoca, kwaye mhlawumbi yinkqubo yokugqithisa insimbi engenasici. Ngalo lonke eli xesha, ukuhlolwa kunqanyuliwe-emva kwe-op yokuqala, emva kokugqithisa, emva kokugqiba. Awukwazi ukuhlola umgangatho ube yinxalenye ekugqibeleni.
Ingongoma ikukuba, 'iintlobo' zokuchaneka komatshini zezi zigaba, ngasinye sikhethwe ngesizathu. Kukuqukuqela. Ivenkile eyenza kuphela i-milling inokuvelisa inxalenye, kodwa ivenkile eqonda yonke ikhonkco, ukusuka kwindlela yokuphosa ukuya kwi-honing yokugqibela, njengomsebenzi odibeneyo, ivelisa icandelo elithembekileyo. Iintsilelo endizibonileyo zihlala zivela ekuqhawulweni konxibelelwano kweli khonkco-i-maachingist ityhala ukutya okuphezulu kakhulu ukonga ixesha, iyonakalisa indawo engaphantsi komhlaba kwinyathelo elilandelayo lokusila, okanye inkqubo yokuphatha ubushushu engakhange ibalwe kwizibonelelo zomatshini.
Ekugqibeleni, ukwahlulahlula ngokodidi lomatshini sisiqalo. Kodwa ubuchwephesha bokwenyani bulele ekuqondeni ukuba ezi nkqubo zisebenzisana njani, indlela izinto ezilawula ngayo imithetho yazo, kunye nendlela isiseko-isiseko esenziwe kakuhle-senza konke ukuchaneka okulandelayo kungenzeki nje, kodwa kusebenze ngokwezoqoqosho. Leyo yimbono oyifumanayo ngokuba sevenkileni, hayi ukufunda ikhathalogu kuphela.
