Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'utyalo-mali lwentsimbi', baba nomfanekiso welungu elingenasiphako, elimile okwenetha liphuma kumngundo, lilungele ukuhamba. Leyo yinguqulelo yencwadana. Inyani, le oyifundayo emva kweminyaka embalwa kunye nemigqomo embalwa, kukuba ngumdaniso wokulalanisa. Akunjalo nje ngokunyibilikisa isinyithi kwaye uyigalele kwiqokobhe leceramic. Kumalunga nokulawula umsantsa phakathi koxinaniso lwethiyori yemodeli yakho yeCAD kunye nenyani ebonakalayo yokuqinisa intsimbi-ukuncipha, ukugqwetheka, ukubandakanywa. Uninzi lwabafikayo, nabathengi abathile, bacinga ukuba yinkqubo yomlingo kuyo nayiphi na into entsonkothileyo. Ayiyo. Sisixhobo esinamandla, kodwa kuphela ukuba uyaluqonda ulwimi lwaso.
I-Core Illusion: As-Cast Finish
Masiyiqonde ngqo le nto. Igama elithi as-cast finish in intsimbi yokutyala imali iphantse yaligama elingalunganga ukuba ucinga ngomphezulu womatshini. Into oyifumanayo ngowona mphezulu unokwenzeka ngokuthe ngqo kwi-ceramic mold, egqwesileyo xa kuthelekiswa nokuphosa isanti, kodwa isengumphezulu otyhidiweyo. Kumzimba wevalvu esebenza ngoxinzelelo loxinzelelo olukhulu, ingalunga kwiindawo ezingatywinwanga. Kwi-aerofoil ye-iturbine blade, ibalulekile. Ixabiso likaRa lisenokubonakala lilungile ephepheni, kodwa umtyholi ukwimeko yendawo yendawo—i-micro-porosity, isiphumo esincinci samaxolo e-orenji ukusuka kwi-ceramic slurry. Ndibone iiprojekthi zimile kuba iqela loyilo lichaze i-Ra ye-3.2μm kuyo yonke indawo, ingaqondi ukuba iikona zangaphakathi kunye nee-undercuts ngokwendalo ziqhuba rhabaxa. Kufuneka uyila ngenkqubo engqondweni, unganyanzeli inkqubo ukuba ihambelane neyona nto ifanelekileyo.
Kulapho ubambiswano kunye ne-Foundry luba yinjineli, hayi nje ukuthenga. Ivenkile efana neQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye neminyaka engamashumi amathathu kwiqokobhe kunye utyalo mali, uya kukuxelela oku ngokukhawuleza. Bayibonile yonke loo nto. Ixabiso labo alikho nje ekwenzeni iqokobhe; kukuphonononga umzobo wakho kwaye uveze, Jonga olu donga lucekethekileyo lusecaleni komzobo omkhulu? Yindawo eshushu leyo. Iya kutsala i-porosity okanye ibangele i-shrink cavity kwi-lug. Masidibanise isikhuphukeli apha, okanye ngcono okwangoku, singayiguqula kancinane ijometri? Loo ncoko igcina iiveki zokuhlalutya ukungaphumeleli kamva.
Inkqubo yokwakha iqokobhe ngokwalo ngumsebenzi wezandla. I-primary slurry dip, istucco yesanti, imijikelo yokumisa-umaleko ngamnye lithuba lokwazisa ukuhluka. Usuku olufumileyo eQingdao lunokucothisa ukomisa, luchaphazela amandla okugqibela eqokobhe. I-Foundry elungileyo ilawula oku, kodwa ayisokuze ibe ngumsebenzi weqhosha-push. Xa undwendwela indawo kwaye ubone imiqolo yeeracks zokomisa, ngalinye linamaqokobhe amaqokobhe amhlophe ajongeka njengamaqanda angaqhelekanga, ujonge entliziyweni yale nkqubo. Ukuchaneka kwakhiwe umaleko ngumaleko wokoqobo.
Izinto eziKhethelwayo: Ayisoze nje ibe yintsimbi
Ukuchaza i-carbon steel kufana nokungena kwindawo yokutyela kwaye ucele ukutya. Ayinantsingiselo. Ngaba sithetha ngekhabhoni ephantsi ye-1020 yesibiyeli esilula? Okanye i-4340 yamandla aphezulu, icandelo lezixhobo zokumisa eziphathwa ngobushushu? I-alloy iyalela yonke into: ukugalela ubushushu, ubumanzi, i-shrinkage factor, impendulo yonyango lobushushu, kunye neempawu zokugqibela zoomatshini.
Le yenye indawo apho amava trumps ithiyori. Kwiindawo ezinganyangekiyo ku-corrosion, i-304 okanye i-316 i-stainless yimibuzo eqhelekileyo. Kodwa i-316 inomanzi angcono wokuphosa kune-304, nto leyo enokuthetha ukuveliswa kwakhona kweenkcukacha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inxalenye ifuna ukwenziwa komatshini obalulekileyo emva kokuphoswa, izinga lokuqina lomsebenzi le-316 linokuba liphupha elibi kwivenkile yomatshini. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukukhetha ibakala elinokusetyenzwa ngakumbi elifana ne-303, nokuba kuncinci ukuxhathisa umhlwa, lukhetho olukrelekrele lwenqanaba lenkqubo. Amava e-QSY ane-alloys engenastainless kunye nekhethekileyo efana ne-nickel-based abanika ithala leencwadi lemibono esebenzayo. Abayi kugalela nje isinyithi; balindele lonke ikhonkco lemveliso.
Emva koko kukho izicelo eziyimfuneko ngokwenene-ubushushu obuphezulu, ukunxiba okuphezulu. Kulapho icobalt kunye nenickel superalloys zingena khona utyalo mali Inkqubo iphantse ibe yindlela yodwa yokwenza ezi mathiriyeli zinganyangekiyo zibe ziimilo ezintsonkothileyo. Kodwa iindleko azikho nje kwizinto eziluhlaza, ezihambelana neenkwenkwezi. Ikulawulo lwenkqubo. Ezi alloys zinovakalelo kumothuko we-thermal; iqondo lobushushu langaphambili leqokobhe phambi kokugalelwa liba yiparameter ebalulekileyo, edla ngokulinganiswa kwaye ilawulwe phakathi kwamashumi ambalwa amadigri. Ukunyathela kakubi apha akuthethi nje indawo enesiphene; linokuthetha iqokobhe eliqhekekileyo kunye nokuchitheka kwexabiso eliphezulu lesuperalloy etyhidiweyo.
I-Handoff: Ukuphosa kwi-CNC Machining
Lo ngummandla wokwenza okanye wekhefu apho uninzi lwabaseki abazimeleyo basokola nawo. Ukuphosa okugqibeleleyo akunamsebenzi ukuba ivenkile yomatshini ayikwazi ukuyibamba ngokufanelekileyo ukuguba ubuso bedatum. Eyona ndawo inkulu yokruthakruthwano idla ngokuba sisibonelelo se-as-cast stock. Beka kakhulu, kwaye uchitha ixesha lobuchwephesha kunye nobomi besixhobo ngokukhupha izinto ezingaphezulu. Beka kancinane kakhulu, kwaye olunye udonga lokuphosa olungaphandle kancinane luthetha ukuba umsiki akakwazi ukucoca umphezulu, okukhokelela ekubeni kubekho indawana.
Imisebenzi edibeneyo inenzuzo enkulu apha. Kungenxa yoko le nto imodeli ye-QSY, edibanisa ukuphosa kunye nomatshini wabo we-CNC, iyasebenza. Iqela labo lomatshini lisebenza ngokuthe ngqo kunye nesiseko sabo. Baseka iluphu yengxelo. Oomatshini baxelela isiseko, Sihlala sifumana le flange i-0.5mm ubukhulu kwicala elinye, ibangela ukungcangcazela kumdlalo wethu. I-Foundry inokulungelelanisa ipateni ye-wax okanye i-gating orientation ukuyilungisa. Le ntsebenziswano yangaphakathi iphelisa umdlalo wokutyhola phakathi kwabathengisi abahlukeneyo kwaye ilungelelanisa inkuthazo ukuya kwindawo elungileyo yokugqibela.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi ye-pump impeller kwi-duplex steel stainless steel. Ukusaswa kwakukuhle, kodwa eyona nto yayibalulekile kwishafti yayifuna unyamezelo olufanelekileyo lokucinezela. Umceli mngeni ibikukugcina ubungqukuva bebhore emva koxinzelelo loxinzelelo lobuchwephesha. Ngenxa yokuba i-QSY ibambe omabini amanqanaba, baphuhlisa ulandelelwano: umatshini orhabaxa, ukhulula uxinzelelo, emva koko ugqibezele umatshini. Icala le-Foundry lilungelelanise inkqubo yokupholisa emva kwe-shakeout ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lokuqala. Olu hlobo lwe-co-engineering alunakwenzeka xa ukuphosa kunye noomatshini bahlukana. Inxalenye ayiphoswanga nje; iyenziwa.
Ukugada kunye nokutyisa: Ijometri engabonakaliyo
Ukuba inxalenye yokugqibela ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo, isango lokungena kunye nenkqubo yokunyuka yi-scaffolding. Kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu. Isango eliyilwe kakubi lingazisa isiphithiphithi, ukufunxa umoya kunye neeoksidi kwindawo. Isikhuphukeli esilahlekileyo esincinci kakhulu siya kusilela ukondla isinyithi elulwelo ukuya kwicandelo elishwabanayo, lidala ukushwabana kwangaphakathi kwe-porosity. Le porosity inokufumaneka kuphela ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-X-reyi okanye, okubi ngakumbi, ukusilela emsebenzini.
Isoftware yokulinganisa yanamhlanje iyanceda, kodwa ayisiyobhola yekristale. Ikunika imephu yokuthambeka enokwenzeka yobushushu. Usafuna injineli ukuyitolika kwaye uthathe isigqibo malunga noqwalaselo lokungena. Lo ngumxube wenzululwazi nobugcisa. Ngamanye amaxesha, isango elililo lesandi lidala iphupha elibi lokunqunyulwa kunye nokugaya kamva. Kufuneka ulungelelanise isandi se-metallurgical kunye neendleko zokusebenza zesibini. Ndiye ndakhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwesango elibiza kakhulu, elinamasango amaninzi kuba liqinisekisa umgangatho kwindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko. Ixabiso laliphezulu lomsebenzi wokucheba ekuqaleni, kodwa lithintele ukukhunjulwa kwentsimi okunokwenzeka. Lubizo lomgwebo olo.
Kwiindawo ezincinci, ezinomthamo ophezulu, njengamazinyo okanye izacholo, zihlala zisebenzisa ubume bomthi, kunye namalungu amaninzi ancanyathiselwe kwi-sprue ephakathi. Kumacandelo amakhulu obunjineli, njengamaqumrhu evalvu okanye izindlu zeinjini yomoya, indawo nganye inokuba nenkqubo yayo yokukhangela ezinikeleyo. Ukhetho luchaphazela isivuno, ukucwangciswa kwentlawulo yesithando somlilo, kunye neendleko zizonke. Ubuchwephesha be-Foundry bubonakala kuyilo lwabo lokungena ngokufanelekileyo-ukwandisa isivuno samalungu amahle ngeponti yentsimbi egalelwe.
Ukungaphumeleli njengoMfundisi
Awufundanga ngenene intsimbi yokutyala imali ude ube nokusilela okukhulu ukucalula. Ekuqaleni kwexesha lam, sasinebhetshi yentsimbi yentsimbi ephantsi ehlala iqhekeka ngexesha lonyango lobushushu. I-castings iphumelele iitshekhi ezibonakalayo kunye ne-dimensional. Izatifikethi zezinto eziphathekayo zazilungile. Ingxaki yayiyi-non-metallic inclusions-amancinci amancinci e-ceramic avela kwigobolondo ebanjwe kwintsimbi. Ezi zibandakanyi zisebenze njengezigxininisi zoxinzelelo. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lwe-thermal yonyango lokushisa, baqala ukuqhekeka.
Oyena nobangela? Yayiyindibaniselwano. Ukwandiswa kobushushu besixhobo seqokobhe ibikukungahambelani kancinane kwelo nqanaba lithile lentsimbi, nto leyo ebangela ukuchitheka okuncinci. Kwaye isantya sokugalela sasiphezulu kakhulu, sidala ukuhamba kwesiphithiphithi esinokususa amasuntswana. Ukulungiswa kwakungeyonto enye. Siye satshintshela kumgubo owahlukileyo we-refractory kwi-slurry ephambili yaloo alloy kwaye saqeqesha iqela lokugalela kwi-laminar ecothayo, ngakumbi. Isebenzile. Awusifumani eso sisombululo kwincwadi yesifundo; uyifumana phantsi, ujonge indawo eqhekekileyo phantsi kwe-microscope.
Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuhlala ixesha elide kweli shishini kubalulekile. Inkampani esebenza ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30, njengaleyo isemva kwe-https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, inenkumbulo enzulu, yeziko yezi ndlela zokusilela. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba baye badibana baza bazisombulula iingxaki ongekacingi nokucinga ngazo. Olo lwazi lufakwe kwiinkqubo zabo kunye nethuku lamagcisa abo. Xa bacebisa utshintsho oluncinci kuyilo lwakho okanye inkqubo yabo eqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuba batshiswe ngaphambili. Elo cebiso lifanelekile ubunzima balo kwintsimbi.
Ukujonga Phambili: Ayiyiyo nje inkqubo yeLifa
Abanye babona ukutyala imali njengesikolo esidala, itekhnoloji eqolileyo. Ayimanga. Ukudityaniswa kunye noshicilelo lwe-3D lutshintsho olucacileyo lomdlalo. I-wax eprintiweyo okanye iipateni ze-resin zisusa imfuno yezixhobo ezinzima zeprototypes okanye i-low-volume runs. Oku kuvumela ukuphindaphinda koyilo ngesantya esasingenakucingelwa kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo. Kodwa umda wokwenyani ukwizixhobo kunye neenkqubo ezixutyiweyo.
Sibona imfuno eyongezelelekileyo yokwenziwa komgangatho osebenzayo, apho iipropathi zitshintsha kwindawo yonke. Oku kusekwi-R&D ubukhulu becala, kodwa kukhomba indlela. Ngaphaya koko, umgca phakathi kokusakha kunye nemveliso eyongezelelweyo uyafiphala. Ngaba inxalenye eprintiweyo yesinyithi ethe kamva yacinezelwa ngokwe-isostatically (HIP'd) yahluke kakhulu kwinxalenye yecast? I-metallurgy iqala ukuhlangana.
Okwangoku, kunye nekamva elibonakalayo, intsimbi yokutyala imali Ihlala iyeyona ndlela ibiza kakhulu yokuvelisa imiqulu ephakathi ukuya phezulu yamacandelo esinyithi anzima, aphezulu. Amandla ayo akakho ekubeni yeyona teknoloji ikhazimlayo, kodwa ekubeni yinto eqondwa ngokunzulu, ethembekileyo, kwaye eguquguqukayo. Undoqo kukuzibandakanya nayo hayi njengenkonzo yorhwebo, kodwa njengoqeqesho lobunjineli obukhethekileyo. Fumana amaqabane athetha olo lwimi, ababona inxalenye kungekhona nje ngomzobo wokucaphula, kodwa njengento ebonakalayo ekufuneka iyenze kwihlabathi lenene. Kulapho ixabiso lokwenyani liphoswa khona.
