Xa umntu esithi 'iintlobo ze powder metallurgy,' iingqondo ezininzi zitsibela ngqo kwi-classic press-and-sinter. Nantso ihashe lomsebenzi, ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa lisango nje lokuqala. Incoko yokwenyani iqala xa ubuza: ngowuphi umsebenzi wokugqibela wenxalenye? Ngaba i-bushing elula, ephantsi yoxinzelelo, okanye icandelo le-iturbine ebona ukushisa okuphezulu kunye namandla ajikelezayo? Lo mahluko ukuguqula ukusuka kwelinye isebe letekhnoloji ukuya kwelinye ngokupheleleyo. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi kakhulu lungena apho injineli yachaza ibakala lemathiriyeli kodwa khange ilwe ngokupheleleyo neziphumo zendlela yokwenziwa kubomi bokudinwa okanye uzinzo lomda. Lo msantsa phakathi kwemodeli ye-CAD kunye nenyani ye-sintered kulapho iintlobo zokwenyani zomgubo wesinyithi zihlala khona.
Cinezela kunye ne-Sinter: Isiseko kunye neMida yayo engabonakaliyo
Masiqale ngeyo yonke indawo. Uthatha umgubo wesinyithi, ngokuqhelekileyo umxube osekelwe kwintsimbi kunye nobhedu, i-nickel, kunye negraphite esele ifakwe ngaphambili okanye idityaniswe kuyo, uyicinezele kwiqondo lokushisa eliqinileyo, emva koko uyitshise kwisithando somlilo esilawulwayo. Iibhondi zenza ngokusasazwa kwe-slid-state. Isebenza ngokumangalisayo kumthamo ophezulu, ukwenza imilo. Iigiya, ii-sprockets, iinxalenye zesakhiwo kwizixhobo zombane-imizekelo emininzi.
Kodwa nantsi into yokubambisa wonke umntu: ubuninzi. Ukucinezela okuqhelekileyo kunye ne-sinter ngokuqhelekileyo kuphuma malunga ne-92-95% yoxinaniso lwethiyori. Loo porosity eshiyekileyo ilungile kwizicelo ezininzi, kodwa ibulala iipropathi eziguqukayo. Igophe lamandla okudinwa lithoba ngokudanisa kwangoko. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi ye-hydraulic pump gear apho iiprototypes zokuqala ezivela kwivenkile eqhelekileyo ye-P / M zahluleka ngokukhawuleza kunentsimbi esetyenzisiweyo elinganayo kuvavanyo lokunyamezela. Oyena nobangela yayingeyiyo i-material chemistry; yayizezo pores ezincinci ezisebenza njengezigxininisi zoxinzelelo. Kwafuneka sitshintshe indlela esicinga ngayo.
Apha kulapho iinkqubo ze-alloy kunye nezithambiso zibaluleke kakhulu. I-FN-0205 (intsimbi ene-2% ye-nickel kunye ne-0.5% yegraphite) iya kuziphatha ngokuhluke kakhulu kwi-FC-0208 (kunye ne-2% yobhedu) ngexesha le-sintering, echaphazela ukuguqulwa kwe-dimensional kunye namandla okugqibela. Kwaye indawo yombethe kwindawo yakho yeziko? Ibaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni ioksidi, ngakumbi ngezinto ezifana nechromium okanye imanganese. Yifumane kakubi, kwaye unenxalenye enqabileyo. Asiyonkqubo nje; luvavanyo lwekhemistri phantsi kobushushu.
Xa Uxinaniso lungenakuxoxisana: I-Metal Injection Molding and Beyond
Ke, kuthekani ukuba ufuna ingxinano ekufutshane-egcweleyo kunye nemilo entsonkothileyo yokuba umatshini ovela kwisitokhwe sebha unokuchitha i-80% yemathiriyeli? Nantso indawo Ukubunjwa kwesitofu sesinyithi (MIM). Uxuba umgubo ocolekileyo kakhulu, ongqukuva kunye nesibophelelo sepolymer, usifake inaliti njengeplastiki, emva koko usisuse ngononophelo isibophelelo (i-debinding) phambi kokuba usike. Inxalenye iyancipha kakhulu-malunga ne-15-20%-kodwa ngokufanayo ukuba i-feedstock yakho i-homogeneous. Ufumana ingxinano ngaphezu kwe-98%, rhoqo kufutshane ne-99%.
Ubuhle beMIM bukwiinkcukacha ezifana neentambo zangaphakathi, ii-undercuts, kunye neendonga ezincinci. Sasisebenzisa kwisixhobo sotyando, intsimbi ye-17-4 PH inxalenye ene-latch mechanism. Ukuyilungisa yayiliphupha elibi lezixhobo kunye nokuqhekeka kwezixhobo. I-MIM yenze ukuba ibe sisiqwenga esinye, njenge-sintered. Kodwa usathana ukubophisa. Ukuba i-binder ayisuswanga ngokulinganayo, ufumana iintanda okanye amadyunguza. Ngumjikelo ocothayo, oethe-ethe we-thermal, hayi umsebenzi okhohlakeleyo.
Oku kudityaniswa kwelinye isebe: I-Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). Ngamanye amaxesha uyisebenzisa yodwa kunye nomgubo kwi-can (i-container HIPing), kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, yinkqubo yesibini yokuvala i-porosity eseleyo kwi-sintered part. Singathanda ukuthatha imizimba yevalvu ebalulekileyo eyenziwe ngokucinezela-kunye-sinter kwaye uyibeke kumjikelo we-HIP-uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-argon kubushushu obuphezulu. Icudisa ezo pores zangaphakathi zivale, iphucula ngokumangalisayo i-ductility kunye noxinzelelo lwemfezeko. Yongeza iindleko, kodwa kwioyile kunye nezinto zegesi, litikiti lokufumana isiqinisekiso.
Indlela Yokuqulunqa: Ukwenziwa kwePowder kunye neNiche yayo
Emva koko kukho ukwenza umgubo. Wenza i-preform ngokucinezela okuqhelekileyo, emva koko uthabathe i-sintered (okanye ngamanye amaxesha ingafakwanga) i-preform kwaye ushushu uyifake kwifa elivaliweyo. Oku kuphumeza ingxinano epheleleyo kunye neempawu ezigqwesileyo zoomatshini, kufutshane ne-forgings eyenziweyo. Imveliso yezinto eziphathekayo iphezulu kakhulu. Ibiyinto yokuya kumacandelo eemoto ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ezifana neentonga zokudibanisa.
Kodwa iindleko zezixhobo zibalulekile, kwaye udinga umthamo ukuze uzithethelele. Ulawulo lwe-thermal lukhohlisayo-ukufumana i-preform kwiqondo lokushisa elichanekileyo ngokulinganayo ukwenza ngaphandle kwesikali okanye i-decarburization. Ndilubonile ulingo apho uyilo olungafanelekanga lwangaphambili lukhokelele ekufakeni imigoqo (i-laps), isiphene esiyintlekele kwindawo eguqukayo. Luhlobo olunamandla lomgubo wesinyithi, kodwa lufuna intlonipho yobuchwephesha bokwenza izinto njengenzululwazi yomgubo.
Imveliso eyoNgezelelweyo: Umda oMtsha kuSapho
Awukwazi ukuthetha malunga neentlobo namhlanje ngaphandle kokuchukumisa imveliso yokongeza, okanye Ibhedi yomgubo iFusion. I-Selective Laser Melting (SLM), i-Electron Beam Melting (EBM). Lo ngumgubo wesinyithi ngokweyona ngqiqo yawo yokwenyani: ukwakha umaleko wenxalenye ngokomaleko ngokunyibilika ngokupheleleyo komgubo kunye nomthombo wamandla ogxile. Uxinaniso lunokuba ngama-99.9%+ ukuba iiparamitha zicofelwe ngaphakathi.
Inkululeko iguqukile, kodwa ukugqitywa komphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lurhwebo. Umphezulu oshicilelweyo unophawu olurhabaxa olusuka kumasuntswana omgubo onyibilike kancinane, nto leyo eyoyikisayo xa udinwa ukuba ayinyangwa. Kwaye uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo lokufudumeza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokupholisa kufuna ukukhululeka koxinzelelo okanye umjikelo oshushu we-isostatic. Siyivavanye ngokwesiko, uyilo lwe-impeller enevolumu ephantsi eQingdao Qiangsenyuan. Ijometri yayigqibelele kuyo, kodwa kumphezulu ofunekayo wemfezeko kunye nexabiso ngenxalenye nganye kumthamo wethu, ekugqibeleni siye sahamba notyalo-mali lokuqhuba kweprototype. I-AM yayisisixhobo esigqibeleleyo, kodwa kulo msebenzi ukhethekileyo, yayingesosixhobo sifanelekileyo. Lo ngumahluko ophambili.
Apho Iindlela zokuphosa kunye nePowder Metallurgy Cross
Oku kundizisa kwitangent efanelekileyo. Nge Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye namashumi eminyaka kwiqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, incoko ihlala iguqukela ekusebenzeni kwezinto eziphathekayo. Xa umxhasi efuna inxaxheba kwi-nickel-based superalloy yenkonzo yobushushu obuphezulu, ukhetho phakathi kotyalo-mali kunye nomzila wesinyithi we-powder njenge-HIP iba sembindini. Ukuphosa kunokusingatha iimilo ezinkulu, ezintsonkothileyo kakuhle, kodwa ukwakheka kweenkozo kunye nokubanakho kwe-micro-porosity yimida. I-POwder HIPing ikunika i-microstructure efanelekileyo, efanayo, iipropati ze-isotropic. Isigqibo sixhomekeke kubungakanani, ubunzima, iimfuno zepropathi, kunye nobungakanani belokishi. Ngamanye amaxesha, esona sisombululo sisixube: usebenzisa i-cast preform kwaye emva koko usebenzise i-coating ephuma kumgubo ngokutshiza kwe-thermal ukuxhathisa ukunxiba. Asikokuba umntu abe ngcono; imalunga nendibaniselwano eyiyo yeenkqubo.
Into engahoywanga: Umgubo ngokwawo
Zonke ezi ntlobo zixhomekeke kwizinto zokuqala: umgubo. Igesi ye-athomu, i-atomized yamanzi, inkqubo ye-electrode ejikelezayo ye-plasma (PREP) -indlela yokuvelisa ichaza i-particle shape, ukusabalalisa ubungakanani kunye ne-microstructure yangaphakathi. Kwi-MIM, udinga la masuntswana alungileyo, angqukuva ukuhamba kakuhle kunye nokupakisha. Ukucinezela okuqhelekileyo, okungaqhelekanga, amaqhekeza afakwe emanzini adibeneyo adibanisa ngcono amandla aluhlaza. Ukuba usebenza ngee-alloys ezisebenzayo njenge-titanium okanye ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo zoluhlu lwe-QSY (i-cobalt-based, i-nickel-based), ukuphatha umgubo phantsi kwe-emosphere engasebenziyo akunakuxoxiswana. I-Oxygen pickup ngumbulali othuleyo we-ductility.
Oku ndakufunda kabuhlungu kwasekuqaleni. Ibhetshi ye-316L yomgubo ococekileyo we-MIM yayinobumanzi obuphezulu kancinci kune-spec. Ibangele ukwahlukana kwe-binder-powder ngexesha lokubumba, okukhokelela kwi-voids ebonakala kuphela emva kokucoca. Ibhetshi yonke yayingamaqhula. Umgubo sisiseko. Isiphene apho asinakulungiswa ezantsi komsinga.
Ke, xa ndicinga 'ngeentlobo zomgubo wesinyithi,' ndiye ndicinge ngomthi wesigqibo. Qala ngomsebenzi wenxalenye, iimfuno zayo zepropati, ijometri yayo, kunye neendleko ezamkelekileyo. Loo ndlela ikukhokelela kumgubo ochanekileyo kunye nendlela efanelekileyo yokudibanisa. Ayiloluhlu nje lokhetho; luluhlu lwezorhwebo kunye norhwebo lwezoqoqosho, kunye nomoya we-porosity ohleli emva kwayo yonke into. Injongo kukukhetha inkqubo eyenza eso siporho sinyamalale, okanye siyenze ingabi nabungozi kubomi obucetyiweyo benxalenye.
