Mukamva '2Cr13 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri', lingaliro lachangu kwa ambiri ndi giredi ina yoyambira ya martensitic, yabwino ku mipeni ndi mavavu otsika mtengo. Izi sizolakwika, koma ndi kuphweka komwe kumabweretsa kumutu kwa mutu wa sitolo kuposa momwe ziyenera kukhalira. Zoona zake n'zakuti, khalidwe lake limakhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri-sikukhululuka monga 304, kapena kuuma mwamphamvu monga 440C. Kupeza zotsatira zofananira nazo, makamaka popanga ndi kupanga makina, kumafuna kuti muzilemekeza zomwe zimafunikira.
The Casting Conundrum: Fluidity vs. Cracking
Mu chipolopolo chathu ndi mizere yopangira ndalama, 2Cr13 ndiyowuluka pafupipafupi pamapampu, zotulutsa, ndi zida zina zamakina. Chinthu choyamba ndikutsanulira kutentha. Mungaganize ndi mpweya wake wapakati (~ 0.16-0.25%) ndi 13% Cr, ndizowongoka. Koma kukhazikika kwake ndikocheperako kuposa momwe mungayembekezere. Thirani mozizira kwambiri, ndipo mumapeza mistruns, makamaka m'zigawo zopyapyala za tsamba la impeller. Thirani kutentha kwambiri, ndi chiopsezo cha spikes zong'ambika, makamaka kuzungulira ngodya zakuthwa zamkati mwa ma valve. Taphunzira, kupyola m'makanema angapo otayidwa, kuti tipeze malekezero apamwamba amtundu womwe akulimbikitsidwa koma ndi bandi yolimba kwambiri. Ndi za kupereka madzi okwanira okwanira kudzaza nkhungu popanda kutsindika kwambiri chipolopolo cholimba.
Ndiye pali kuyanjana kwa zinthu za nkhungu. Chifukwa ndi martensitic, imasintha ndikuchepa mosiyana ndi ma austenitic grade. Popanga ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo za ceramic, tidayenera kusintha kutentha kwa chipolopolo chisanachitike. Kutentha kwanthawi zonse kwa 304 kudapangitsa kuti 2Cr13 castings iwonongeke chifukwa kutenthedwa kwa kutentha panthawi yothira kunali kokulirapo. Tsopano timatenthetsa pang'ono, zomwe zikuwoneka ngati zosagwirizana ndi kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa shrinkage, koma zidagwira ntchito. Zinachepetsa kuzizira koyambirira kokwanira kuti khungu lachitsulo likhale lofanana.
Chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo poponya sichingakambirane. As-cast 2Cr13 ndi yolimba. Muyenera kuzichotsa. Protocol yokhazikika ndikutentha mpaka 850-900 ° C, kugwira, ndikuziziritsa ng'anjo. Koma nayi nsonga yothandiza: kuzizira kwa ng'anjo ndikofunikira. Nthawi ina tinali ndi milu ya mapampu otayira omwe amayesa kulimba koma osapangidwa bwino, kuwonetsa zida zochulukirapo. Nkhaniyi idachokera ku ng'anjo yodzaza kwambiri pomwe zida zapakati zidazizilitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, pafupifupi ngati ng'anjo yocheperako, ndikusiya mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono osakwanira. Tsopano tikuwonetsetsa kuti patalikirana bwino. Ndi izi zazing'ono ndondomeko zopatuka kuti kuluma inu.
Machinability: The Gummy Reality
Pa pepala, machinability mlingo wake ndi bwino. Pansi pa CNC, ogwiritsira ntchito angakuuzeni kuti ikhoza kukhala gummy kapena zingwe, makamaka m'malo opindika. Simaphwanya tchipisi moyera ngati chitsulo cha 12L14, ndipo sichimadula bwino ngati 303 chosapanga dzimbiri. Chofunikira ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. Ngati chakudya chanu chili chochepa kwambiri kapena chida chitakhalapo, nthawi yomweyo mumagwira ntchito-kuumitsa pamwamba, ndipo chiphaso chotsatira chimacheza kapena kuwotcha chidacho. Timatchula zida za carbide zokhala ndi nkhope yakuthwa, yopukutidwa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zapamwamba komanso kuthamanga kwapakati. Kuziziritsa ndikofunikira, osati kungoziziritsa komanso kuthandiza kutsuka tchipisi tolimba.
Kuboola maenje akuya ndizovuta kwambiri. Malo okhazikika a 118-degree point amatha kuyendayenda ndikuyambitsa kutentha kwambiri. Tinasinthira kumabowo a 135-degree split-point ndikuzungulira pang'onopang'ono ndikuwonjezera kuzizira koziziritsa. Idawonjezera nthawi yozungulira koma idachotsa zida zambiri zokonzanso komanso zida zosweka. Kwa kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., yomwe imasamalira chilichonse kuyambira kuponya mpaka komaliza CNC makina Pansi pa denga limodzi, maphunziro ophatikizika awa ndi ofunikira. Inu simungakhoze kukhathamiritsa Machining paokha; muyenera kuwerengera momwe zinthu ziliri komanso mbiri yakale ya chithandizo cha kutentha komwe kulibe kanthu. Mbali yomwe idatsekedwa pang'ono pang'ono idzamenyana nanu pa lathe tsiku lonse.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yotsatizana ya ma hydraulic valve spools. Kusindikiza kunkafuna kutsirizitsa bwino pamwamba pa nthaka. Kutembenuza 2Cr13 kuti ifike kumapeto kunali kovuta - tidapitilira kung'ambika, zopakapaka. Tidayesa ma geometri osiyanasiyana oyikapo ndipo pamapeto pake tidapeza kuti choyikapo chopukutira chokhala ndi chiphaso chomaliza chopepuka kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi odulira opaka mafuta ambiri (osati choziziritsa chathu chokhazikika), zidachita chinyengo. Izo sizinali mu kabukhu kakang'ono ka Machining; kunali kukonza pansi pa sitolo chifukwa cha kukhumudwa.
Kukaniza kwa Corrosion: Kukhazikitsa Zoyembekeza Zoyenera
Apa ndi pamene maganizo olakwika a kasitomala ali aakulu. Anthu amawona chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndipo amaganiza kuti sichichita dzimbiri. 2Cr13 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri imapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri kokha. Ndibwino kumadera owononga pang'ono, monga ma asidi a chakudya kapena mlengalenga, koma imayika malo okhala ndi chloride (madzi amchere, mchere wamsewu wolemera). Nthawi zonse timakambirana ndi makasitomala. Pazinthu zapamadzi, timakankhira 316L. Koma, tinene, gawo lamakina ophika buledi lomwe limapangidwa ndi ma acid ndi nthunzi, 2Cr13 ndiyotsika mtengo komanso yokwanira.
Passivation imathandiza, koma sichiri chozizwitsa. Njira ya magiredi a martensitic ngati awa ndi yosiyana ndi mabafa a nitric acid omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa austenitics. Timagwiritsa ntchito citric acid-based passivation process, yomwe ndi yothandiza komanso yosamalira zachilengedwe. Komabe, kupambana kwake kumadalira kwathunthu pamwamba kuti ikhale yoyera bwino musanasambe. Chitsulo chilichonse chophatikizidwa kuchokera ku makina kapena kugwirira chimasokoneza wosanjikiza wokhazikika. Tidatsata njira yoyeretsera ndikuyiyang'anira tisanayike, zomwe zidachepetsa kwambiri madandaulo a dzimbiri pazigawo zomwe zidamalizidwa.
Kutentha kwa kutentha kumakhudza mwachindunji ntchito ya dzimbiri. Gawo lomwe limakhala lopsa mtima limatha kukana bwino kuposa lomwe limathetsa kupsinjika. Tidalemba izi poyesa zitsanzo zamagulu osiyanasiyana mu kabati yopopera mchere. Detayo idatithandiza kulungamitsa protocol yathu yochizira kutentha kwamakasitomala omwe amayesa kulimbikitsa mainjiniya kuti atuluke. Kudumpha kutentha koyenera kuti mupulumutse mtengo nthawi zambiri kumabwerera pambuyo pake ndi kulephera kwa ntchito.
Kuwotcherera ndi Kupanga: Chitani Mosamala
Ndi weldable, koma si wochezeka. Kutentha koyambirira kumalangizidwa kwambiri, mozungulira 200-300 ° C, ndipo chithandizo cha kutentha kwa pambuyo pa weld (PWHT) chimakhala chofunikira nthawi zonse kuti chibwezeretse ductility ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi kutentha (HAZ). Mukalumpha PWHT, HAZ imakhala yolimba, yofewa, komanso sachedwa kusweka. Tinaphunzira izi moyambirira pokonza zosweka. Kuwotcherera kopanda kutentha kusanatenthe ndi PWHT nthawi zambiri kumangong'ambikanso mamilimita angapo kutali ndi mkanda wowotcherera.
Pakupanga zida zowotcherera kuchokera ku mbale kapena bar, kusankha zitsulo zodzaza ndikofunikira. Zosankha zodziwika bwino ndi 309L kapena 312 maelekitirodi osapanga dzimbiri, omwe amakhala ndi aloyi wapamwamba kwambiri kuti athe kubwezera kusungunuka ndikuletsa kuuma kwambiri. Ngakhale zili choncho, kuwongolera kutentha kwa interpass ndikofunikira. Timachichita ngati kuwotcherera chitsulo chochepa cha alloy kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Kusintha kwa malingaliro ndikofunikira.
Kuyesa kumodzi komwe kudalephera kudakhudza kasitomala yemwe amafuna mbale zowotcherera za mbale za 2Cr13 ndi zolumikizira. Sanaumirire kuti palibe PWHT chifukwa cha nkhawa zakukhazikika. Tidachenjeza koma tidachita zomwe adapempha. Ziwalozo zidadutsa poyang'ana koyamba koma zidawonongeka m'nyengo yozizira. Zotsalira zotsalira kuchokera ku kuwotcherera, kuphatikizapo kutsika kwa kutentha kwa martensite kosasunthika mu HAZ, kunayambitsa. Tsopano tikufunika kusaina ngati kasitomala akana PWHT yovomerezeka. Sikoyenera kuwononga mbiri.
Kupeza ndi Kusasinthasintha Kwazinthu: Zosiyanasiyana Zobisika
Sikuti 2Cr13 yonse idapangidwa mofanana. Kusiyana kwa zinthu zotsatirira monga sulfure, phosphorous, ndi silicon pakati pa mphero zosiyanasiyana kumatha kukhudza kwambiri kutayika komanso kuchita bwino. Talinganiza mayendedwe athu momwe tingathere ndikupempha malipoti oyesa mphero kuti agwire ntchito zovuta. Gulu lokhala ndi sulfure kumapeto kwenikweni kwa chinthucho limatha kukhala bwinoko pang'ono koma limatha kung'ambika kwambiri pakuponya.
Kugwira ntchito ndi bwenzi lalitali ngati Mtengo wa QSY, ndi zaka zambiri kuponya ndalama ndi makina, zimasonyeza kufunika kwa ulamuliro umenewu. Titha kutsata vuto la makina kumbuyo ku kutentha kwachitsulo ndikusintha magawo athu akumtunda molingana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati gulu latsopano likumva kuvutirapo pa chida choyamba, tidzayang'ana zomwe zili pa cert ndipo titha kusintha kutentha kwambiri tisanayambe kupanga. Njira yolimbikitsira iyi imapulumutsa nthawi yayitali.
Pomaliza, ndi kudziwa nthawi yoti musagwiritse ntchito. Ndi kuwuka kwa ma aloyi apadera monga super duplex kapena nickel-based based for more environments, udindo wa 2Cr13 ndi chisankho chodalirika, chachuma pa ntchito zinazake, zomveka bwino. Ndi kavalo wantchito, osati kavalo wachiwonetsero. Phindu lake liri mu ntchito yake yodziwikiratu mkati mwa malire ake, ndipo ukatswiri weniweni ndi kufotokozera ndi kulemekeza malirewo kupyolera mu sitepe iliyonse-kuchokera ku ng'anjo yamoto kupita ku cheke chomaliza cha QC. Ndipamene zaka 30 zakuchitikira pakampani ngati yathu zimatiuza.
