Anthu ambiri akamva za "aluminium sand casting foundry", amawona njira yoyambira, yomwe imakhala yachikale kwambiri popanga zida zosavuta komanso zolimba. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. Chowonadi ndi chosasinthika; ndi njira yoyambira yomwe, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito molondola komanso momvetsetsa, imapikisana m'malo omwe simungayembekezere. Sikuti kungotaya zitsulo m’dzenje la mchenga. Ndi za kuyang'anira zosinthika - kapangidwe ka mchenga, chinyezi, makina omangira, mapangidwe a mageti, kuwongolera kolimba - zomwe zimalekanitsa kuponya kogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zidutswa zochepa. Ndawonapo ma projekiti ambiri akulephera chifukwa mapangidwewo adaponyedwa pakhoma kupita ku maziko osaganizira izi. Kusankhidwa kwa maziko nthawi zambiri kumatengera kumvetsetsa kwawo za izi, osati mndandanda wawo wa zida.
Chiyambi cha Njirayi: Zonse Zili Mumchenga
Tiyeni tilowe mu grit. Kwenikweni. 'Mchenga' woponyera mchenga simitundu yakuseri kwanu. Ndi chisakanizo chopangidwa mwaluso, nthawi zambiri silika, zircon, kapena chromite, chomangika ndi dongo (mchenga wobiriwira) kapena zomangira mankhwala (monga furan kapena phenolic resin kwa nkhungu zosaphika). Kusiyana kwake ndi usiku ndi usana. Kwa aluminiyumu, ndimatsamira ku mchenga womangidwa ndi mankhwala kuti ndikhale ndi ma geometries ovuta kapena kulolerana kolimba. Mchenga wobiriwira umakhala wothamanga komanso wotsika mtengo pamipangidwe yokwera kwambiri, yosavuta, koma mumasinthanitsa pamtunda komanso kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe. Luso ndi kusankha dongosolo loyenera la ntchitoyo. Msampha wamba? Kungoganiza kuti mchenga wonse ndi wofanana. Ndakhala ndi mbali zina zomwe zidatuluka ndi mitsempha yowopsa yapamtunda chifukwa kukulitsa kutentha kwa mchenga sikunali koyenera panjira yolimba ya aluminum. Zinatenga masabata akuyesera ndi zolakwika ndi magiredi osiyanasiyana amchenga ndi ma binder ratios kuti akonze.
Kupanga zitsanzo ndi luso lina losaoneka bwino. Mitengo yamatabwa ndi yabwino kwa ma prototypes kapena kuthamanga kwaufupi, koma pachilichonse chokhazikika, mumafunika zitsulo kapena epoxy. Ngongole yojambulira, kumaliza, gawo la kuchepa - aloyi iliyonse imachepa pamlingo wosiyana - zonse zimapangidwira munjira imeneyo. Kuwerengera molakwika pang'ono peresenti pa shrinkage kungapangitse gulu lonse kukhala losiyana. Ndikukumbukira gulu la nyumba zapampu komwe tidagwiritsa ntchito lamulo locheperako la aluminiyamu ya A356, koma kusinthidwa kwina ndi kutentha kwake kunasintha kokwanira kuti pakhale vuto lokhala ndi gawo lokweretsa makina. Tinayenera kusintha ndondomekoyi, yomwe ndi phunziro lokwera mtengo komanso lotenga nthawi.
Ndiye pali kukwera ndi kukwera. Apa ndi pamene zokumana nazo za foundry zimawonetsadi. Mukupanga tchanelo chomwe chimayatsira aluminiyamu yosungunuka m'bowo la nkhungu ndi malo osungira omwe amadyetsa kuchepa pamene akuzizira. Kusayenda bwino kumabweretsa chipwirikiti, chomwe chimayambitsa ma oxide inclusions ndi malo ofooka. Kukwera kosakwanira kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa porosity. Si chiphunzitso cha mabuku chabe; ndikumverera kotukuka poyang'ana zikwizikwi za odulidwa odulidwa. Katswiri wabwino woyambira nthawi zina amayika chokwera chaching'ono pomwe pulogalamu yoyeserera siiwonetsa vuto, kutengera lingaliro la ntchito yakale yofananira. Ndipo nthawi zambiri amalondola.
Kumene Kuponyera Mchenga wa Aluminiyamu Kumakwanira (ndipo Kumene Kulibe)
Izi sizili zonse. Pazigawo zokulirapo, zokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala, zovuta kumva ngati masamba a turbine, mutha kuyang'ana kuponya ndalama kapena kufa. Koma pama voliyumu otsika mpaka apakatikati, zigawo zazikulu (ganizirani midadada ya injini, ma transmitter, mabatani akulu), komanso komwe kusinthasintha kwapangidwe ndikofunikira, kuponya mchenga ndikotsika mtengo kwambiri. Mtengo wa zida ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka kufa kuponyera. Malo okoma kwenikweni ndi amodzi, ma prototypes, ndi zigawo zolemetsa. Ndagwirapo ntchito pazida zam'madzi zolemera makg 200 zomwe zinali zoyenera kuponya mchenga. Kuyesera kuchita izi ngati kuponya kufa kungakhale kokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Komabe, ntchito ya postcast ndi yofunika kwambiri. An zitsulo zopangira mchenga za aluminiyamu zomwe zimaperekanso makina amkati ndi mwayi waukulu. Imawonetsetsa kuti amvetsetsa kapangidwe kawo ndipo amatha kukonza ma data ndi zololeza kuyambira pachiyambi. Njira yophatikizikayi imalepheretsa maloto omwe gawo limawoneka bwino koma silingagwire bwino ntchito ya CNC, kapena pomwe malo osindikizira ofunikira amatha kukhala pamalo opindika. Ndi za kuwongolera ndondomeko kuchokera ku nkhungu kupita ku gawo lomaliza.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa kuthekera kwa kampani kuli kofunika. Khalani olimba ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.. Ndi zaka zopitilira 30 akuponya ndi kupanga, amapeza ulalo uwu. Webusaiti yawo, tsngtaocnc.com, akuwonetsa kuti amagwira ntchito zambiri. Pamene iwo amalemba chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera ndi kuponya ndalama monga zapaderazi, mfundo za kupanga nkhungu ndi zitsulo zimamasulira. Malo opangirako omwe amamvetsetsa bwino kuumba kwa zipolopolo adzakhala ndi njira yowongolera mchenga ndikukonza zolemba zomwe zimapindulitsa ntchito yawo yoponya mchenga. Ntchito yawo yokhala ndi ma aloyi apadera monga opangidwa ndi faifi tambala imasonyezanso luso lakuya lazitsulo, lomwe ndi lofunika kwambiri pochita ndi ma aluminiyamu ovuta kwambiri monga ma silicon apamwamba kapena maginesiamu apamwamba omwe ndi ovuta kuponya popanda kung'ambika.
Mdyerekezi Mwatsatanetsatane: Porosity, Finishing, ndi Real-World Compromises
Porosity ndiye nkhondo yamuyaya pakuponyedwa kwa aluminiyamu. Kukhoza kukhala mpweya wa porosity kuchokera ku chinyezi mumchenga kapena haidrojeni mu sungunuka, kapena shrinkage porosity chifukwa cha kudya kosakwanira. Malo oyambira oyenerera amakhala ndi njira zochotsera gasi (monga rotary degassing ndi argon) komanso zowongolera zowumitsa mchenga. Koma nthawi zina, muyenera kuvomereza mulingo wina. Mfungulo ndikutanthauzira mwachigwirizano - kugwiritsa ntchito ASTM kapena miyezo yofananira pakuwunika kwa radiographic - ndikuwonetsetsa kuti siili m'malo ovuta. Ndavomereza zowonetsera zokhala ndi porosity yapayokha m'malo osakhazikika kuti ndisunge nthawi yanthawi ya polojekiti, koma osayandikira dzenje la ulusi kapena chosindikizira.
Kumaliza pamwamba ndi lingaliro lina lothandiza. Malo opangidwa kuchokera ku mchenga amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ngati mukufuna kumaliza bwino, pamafunika kuphulika (kuwombera kapena mchenga) kapena kupera. Izi zimawonjezera mtengo. Kapangidwe kake kayenera kufotokoza kuti ndi malo ati omwe ali 'monga-cast' ndi omwe ali 'makina'. Ndawonapo zojambula zomwe zimafuna kuti 3.2 μm Ra ikhale yosatheka pamtunda - sizingatheke. Kulankhulana momveka bwino kuno kumapulumutsa kukhumudwa kwakukulu pambuyo pake.
Kuchiza kutentha kumaperekedwa pamapangidwe ambiri amchenga a aluminiyamu ngati A356 kapena A357. Zachitidwa kuti mukwaniritse mkwiyo wofunikira (T6 ndiyofala). Koma ubale wa foundry ndi chotenthetsera ndi chofunikira. Ngati ndi mabungwe osiyana, kupotoza kumatha kukhala kolakwa. Kodi kunali kupsinjika kotsalira kwa oponya kapena kukonza panthawi yothira kutentha? Malo ophatikizika, kapena mgwirizano woyendetsedwa mwamphamvu, umathandizira izi. Cholinga chake ndi gawo lokhazikika, lotenthedwa bwino lomwe likukonzekera kukanika komaliza.
Case in Point: Kuphunzira kuchokera kwa Near-Miss
Ndiroleni ndifotokoze zochitika zenizeni, zosadziwika pang'ono. Tinali ndi chigawo cha chassis cha galimoto yapadera. Mapangidwewo anali ovuta, okhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana a makoma ndi ndime zingapo za zingwe. Tinapita ndi munthu wolemekezeka zitsulo zopangira mchenga za aluminiyamu. Chitsanzo choyamba chinadutsa macheke azithunzi ndi mawonekedwe. Koma pakusokonekera kwa ma prototype, khutu lokwera lidaduka pakutsika kwa torque. Kukanika kulephera kukuwonetsa kutsekeka kozizira-kusiya komwe mitsinje iwiri yachitsulo idakumana koma osalumikizana bwino-pa mzu wa khutu womwe ukupanikizika kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake? Mapangidwe a magetiwo anadzaza gawo la nkhungu lomaliza, ndipo chitsulo chinali chitataya kutentha kwambiri. Kuyerekeza koyamba kwa foundry kunali ndi vuto lomwe lingachitike, koma zidawonedwa kuti ndizowopsa. Kukonza sikunali kungowonjezera zitsulo; inali kukonzanso gating kuti isinthe mawonekedwe odzaza ndikusintha kutentha kothira kwa batchi ya alloy. Ntchitoyi inachedwetsa ndi mwezi umodzi. Phunziroli linali pawiri: musanyalanyaze machenjezo ang'onoang'ono oyerekeza, ndipo nthawi zonse tchulani ndikuyesa kuyesa kwamadzi kapena kuyesa kwa radiographic pamadera omwe ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri pakuwunika kwa nkhani yoyamba, ngakhale sizili muyeso.
Apa ndipamene chikhalidwe chothetsa mavuto cha foundry chimayesedwa. Zabwino sizidzitchinjiriza. Iwo amadumphira mkati, kudula zojambulazo, kusanthula cholakwikacho, ndikupereka yankho lovomerezeka. Amachitenga ngati chovuta chaukadaulo cholumikizana. Zoyipa zimaloza zala za alloy supplier kapena kapangidwe kake. Chiyambi chomwe chimagwira ntchito ngati bwenzi chimakhala cholemera mu golide.
Kuyang'ana M'tsogolo: Niche Ndi Yotetezeka
Ndi nkhani zonse za 3D yosindikiza kwa zisamere pachakudya ndi kusindikiza mwachindunji zitsulo, ndi aluminium mchenga kuponyera zachikale? Kutali ndi izo. Kuchulukirachulukira kochulukira, ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Matekinoloje akusintha, komabe. Ndawonapo njira zosakanizidwa zomwe zida zamchenga zosindikizidwa za 3D zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo ovuta amkati mkati mwa nkhungu yamchenga. Izi zimatsegula maufulu atsopano opangira pamene kusunga zambiri za ndondomekoyi zimakhala zotsika mtengo.
Tsogolo la maziko ochita bwino lagona mu kusinthika kwamtunduwu. Kuphatikiza luso lachikhalidwe - kumva mchenga, diso lolimba - ndi kayeseleledwe kamakono, kuyang'anira ndondomeko, ndi matekinoloje owonjezera monga CNC Machining. Ndi za kupereka yankho okwana. Kampani yomwe yasintha kuchokera kuzinthu zoyambira kukhala wopanga zophatikizika, monga QSY yokhala ndi zaka makumi ambiri pakuponya ndi kupanga, ndiyomwe yakhazikitsidwa. Amamvetsetsa kuti kuponya nthawi zambiri ndi gawo loyamba loperekera gawo logwira ntchito.
Kotero, mukamayesa a zitsulo zopangira mchenga za aluminiyamu, yang'anani kupitirira mtengo pa kilogalamu. Yang'anani malo awo ogulitsira, labu yawo yamchenga, njira zawo zowongolera khalidwe la chemistry yosungunula ndi makina oyesera, ndipo makamaka, kufunitsitsa kwawo kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga koyambirira. Funsani zitsanzo za magawo ovuta. Ntchito yabwino kwambiri imachokera ku maziko omwe amadziwona okha ngati othira zitsulo, koma monga opanga mabwenzi omwe amathetsa vuto la geometry ndi zinthu. Malingaliro amenewo amapanga kusiyana konse pakati pa gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito ndi lomwe limatha kukhala zodula.
