Iyo umuntu avuze ngo 'guta igice', benshi batekereza kubyibushye biremereye, byoroshye, byirabura. Ngiyo imyumvire ya mbere itari yo. Mubyukuri, byakozwe neza igice cy'icyuma ni ibikoresho bya injeniyeri ifite microstructure yihariye, yahisemo ntabwo igiciro cyayo gito gusa ahubwo kubushobozi bwayo bwo kugabanuka, kwambara birwanya, kandi yego, ubushobozi bwayo kumiterere igoye. Amayeri ntabwo ari uguhitamo gukoresha ibyuma; ni mukumenya icyiciro - icyuma cyumuhondo, icyuma cyumucyo, icyuma cyoroshye - hanyuma ukayobora ibyemezo ijana bito mumashanyarazi no mumashini atandukanya igice cyimikorere nicyiza cyane. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi binanirana kuko byerekanaga 'guta icyuma' ku gishushanyo bakagisiga aho.
Impamvu Shell Molding ni Umukino-Uhindura Kubyerekana neza
Gutera umucanga bituma akazi karangira, ariko kubisubiramo no kurangiza hejuru igice cy'icyuma ibyiciro, shell mold casting akenshi nintwari itavuzwe. Umusenyi usizwe na resin ukora igishishwa cyoroshye, gikikuje igishusho, kiguha umwobo wuzuye. Ibi bifite akamaro kanini kubice bikeneye amafaranga make yo gutunganya. Turimo kuvuga kubika amasaha kuri CNC nyuma. Ku kigo cyacu, twishingikirije cyane kubumba ibishishwa kubintu nkumubiri wa hydraulic valve cyangwa inzu ya pompe mubyuma byumuhondo, guhuzagurika kuva mugice cya mbere kugeza ku gihumbi nibyo abakiriya bishyura. Igabanya impinduka mubikorwa bimaze guhinduka-biremereye.
Ikibi? Ibishushanyo. Nibyuma, mubisanzwe ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma, kandi bihenze. Niba uri prototyping cyangwa ukora ibice mirongo itanu, igiciro cyicyitegererezo gishobora kwica ubukungu bwumushinga. Aho niho ugomba guhamagarira urubanza: kurya igiciro cyikigereranyo cyamasezerano maremare, cyangwa kuyobora umukiriya inzira itandukanye kugirango ikore igihe gito. Ntabwo buri gihe ari ikiganiro cyoroshye.
Ndibuka akazi kuri compressor bracket, biragoye rwose igice cy'icyuma n'imbavu zimwe. Porotipire yambere yaturutse kumucanga wicyatsi kibisi yari ifite ibibazo byo guhinduranya - ingirabuzimafatizo zigenda buhoro, zijugunya umwobo ukomeye. Twahinduye kuri shell molding kugirango umusaruro ukorwe. Igishushanyo cyatwaye igiciro, ariko kurandura ibyakozwe nyuma yo gukina no gusiba birenze kubyemeza. Umukiriya yabonye igice gihindagurika buri gihe. Nicyo gaciro gihishe.
Imbyino Yimashini: Aho Igitekerezo gihura nigikoresho cyo gutema
Gukina ni kimwe cya kabiri cyinkuru. Gukata mbisi ni hafi-net-shusho ya blob. Amarozi (nigiciro) abaho mugutunganya. Fata imashini zicyuma neza-niba ubyubaha. Imiterere yacyo ya grafite ikora nk'amavuta, ariko iyo grafite imwe ituma itera. Wanyuze mubyinjijwe byihuse kuruta ibyuma. Urufunguzo ni ugukomera. Ikiganiro icyo ari cyo cyose kuri a igice cy'icyuma izamenagura gukata, ntabwo yambara.
Dukoresha byinshi muri Okuma na DMG MORI CNCs hano, kandi kubicyuma, dushyira imbere imashini ihagaze hejuru yumuvuduko wuzuye. Ingamba zikonje ni ikindi kintu. Amaduka amwe arahira gutunganya ibyuma byumye; abandi bakoresha igihu. Mubisanzwe dukoresha ubukonje bukabije bwumwuzure, ntabwo aribyinshi mugukonjesha gukata (chipi itwara ubushyuhe bwinshi), ariko kugenzura umukungugu. Guta umukungugu wicyuma nibintu bibi, kandi kugumya gukaraba muri sisitemu yo kuyungurura ni ibintu bidashobora kuganirwaho kumutekano wububiko no kuramba kwimashini.
Noneho hariho kugabanya imihangayiko. Cyangwa kubura. Umutego usanzwe urimo gutunganya igice nyuma yo gutara. Imyitwarire yimbere yo gukonja izorohereza amaherezo, irwanya ibikoresho byawe byakozwe neza. Kubipimo bikomeye, dukoresha ibishaje bishaje - ububiko bumaze amezi bicaye - cyangwa twohereza muburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro mbere yuko imashini irangira. Yongeraho igihe, ariko ni itandukaniro hagati yigice gihuye nigice cyangwa kuri QC yumukiriya.
Guhitamo Ibikoresho: Ntabwo Byigera Byuma
Kugaragaza ibikoresho niho umugambi wa injeniyeri uhindurwa. Icyuma kijimye (nkicyiciro cya 35 cyangwa 40) nicyiza cyo guhindagurika - tekereza guhagarika moteri cyangwa ibikoresho byimashini. Ariko biroroshye. Icyuma cyangiza, hamwe na grafite yacyo ya nodular, gifite imbaraga zingana kandi zihindagurika. Nibice bibona umutwaro uremereye, nkibikoresho cyangwa ibintu biremereye cyane byo guhagarika. Guhitamo ikibi nikosa ryibishushanyo mbonera.
Twakoranye numukiriya rimwe wapanze ibikoresho byinshi byubuhinzi byingirakamaro kandi tugaragaza urwego rusanzwe rwicyuma. Ikizamini cya mbere cyumurima cyavuyemo kuvunika. Tugomba gusubira inyuma, gusesengura uburyo bwo kunanirwa, no gusaba ko twahindura ferritic ductile fer (icyiciro cya 65-45-12). Igice cyigiciro cyazamutse wenda 15%, ariko ubuzima bwumurima bwiyongereyeho icumi. Isomo? Guhendutse igice cy'icyuma ni imwe idatsindwa muri serivisi.
Hanyuma hariho ibivangwa. Rimwe na rimwe, ukenera icyo cyuma ariko hamwe nubushyuhe bwiyongera cyangwa kurwanya ruswa. Aho niho havamo amavuta adasanzwe nka Ni-Resist cyangwa SiMo ductile fer. Ni inyamanswa itandukanye rwose yo guta imashini, hamwe nigipimo cyo kugabanuka kizagushuka niba umenyereye amanota asanzwe. Nibikorwa byiza, ariko kubintu bimwe na bimwe bya valve na turbocharger amazu, nikintu cyonyine gikora.
Gushora imari? Gusaba Niche
Abantu benshi bahuza gushora imari-yatakaye-ibishashara-hamwe nicyuma cyangwa superalloys. Gukoresha Kuri igice cy'icyuma umusaruro ni gake, ariko ufite umwanya wacyo. Inyungu nyamukuru ni geometrike igoye hamwe nubuso burangiza kuburyo na shell molding idashobora gukoraho. Tekereza ku kintu gito, gikomeye hamwe nibice by'imbere bidashoboka gushingira kumucanga.
Ifatwa ni ubushyuhe. Icyuma gisuka ku bushyuhe buri hejuru cyane kuruta ibyuma byinshi bikoreshwa mu gushora imari - hafi 1370 ° C no hejuru. Nibyo ikuzimu kuri shell ceramic. Igikonoshwa kigomba guhindurwa muburyo butandukanye, akenshi hamwe nububiko bwinyuma hamwe nubushakashatsi bwihariye kugirango bihangane nubushyuhe bwumuriro kandi birinde icyuma kwinjira. Igipimo cy'umusaruro kirashobora kuba gito, kandi ikiguzi kiri hejuru cyane ugereranije nibikorwa byumucanga.
Twabikoze inshuro nke, mubisanzwe kubikorwa bya R&D cyangwa icyogajuru cyegeranye imishinga aho igishushanyo mbonera cyagaragaye. Imwe muriyo yari sensor inzu ifite labyrint ihuriweho. Kubikora bivuye mubikomeye ntibyashobokaga, kandi verisiyo yumucanga yaba ifite ubuso butemewe mubutaka. Gutera ishoramari niyo nzira yonyine. Cyakoze, ariko byari inzira yo guhora duhinduranya hamwe nu mucuruzi. Ntabwo ari kubacitse intege.
Gutanga Urunigi Mubyukuri: Kuva Mubishingwe Kugeza Byarangiye Byiza
Iki nigice utiga mwishuri. Gukora kimwe igice cy'icyuma ahantu hagenzuwe ni ikintu kimwe. Gukora 10,000 muri byo, kuri gahunda, bifite ubuziranenge buhoraho, byoherejwe mu Bushinwa mu bubiko bwa Stuttgart cyangwa Chicago, ni ikindi gikoko rwose. Byerekeranye no kugenzura inzira, ibikoresho, n'itumanaho.
Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) imaze imyaka irenga mirongo itatu ikora kuko basobanukiwe nuyu muyoboro. Inzobere muri shell mold no gushora imari, wongeyeho kugira imashini CNC ikora, ninyungu nini. Irema ifunze-loop yo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Abakanishi barashobora kuvugana nubuyobozi bushinzwe niba babonye inenge ihamye muri casting, kandi inzira irashobora guhindurwa muminsi, ntabwo ibyumweru. Iyo urimo ukorana nibikoresho biva mubyuma bisanzwe nicyuma kugeza kuri nikel ishingiye kuri nikel, ibyo guhuza vertical ntabwo ari ibintu byiza; ni nkenerwa kwizerwa.
Kunanirwa gukomeye nabonye ntabwo byari tekiniki; bari bafite ibikoresho. Igice cyiza cyagumye muri gasutamo kubera ibyangombwa bituzuye, cyangwa icyemezo cyo kuvura ubushyuhe cyatakaye mubisobanuro. Noneho, dufata impapuro hamwe nuburyo bukomeye bwo kwihanganira imashini. Icyemezo cyo guhuza, raporo yikizamini cyibikoresho, impapuro za mbere zo kugenzura - ni bimwe mubitangwa. Igice ntikirangira kugeza agasanduku nimpapuro zigwa kumurongo.
Noneho, mugihe ushakisha a igice cy'icyuma, ntabwo ugura igice cyicyuma gusa. Urimo kugura mubikorwa, urunigi rwo guca imanza no gukosora, uhereye kuri metallurgiste uhitamo kuvanga amafaranga kuri programu ya CNC uhitamo igipimo cyibiryo. Igice gisa nkicyoroshye nticyoroshye. Kandi nibyo bituma kubyumva neza bihagije.
