Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'DIY metal casting', bashushanya umusore uri muri garage ashonga amabati ya soda mu itanura ryakozwe murugo. Iyo ni verisiyo y'urukundo, kandi mvugishije ukuri, niho abantu benshi batangirira-nanjye narabikoze. Ariko hariho itandukaniro rinini hagati yibyo no kubyara igice gikora, mubipimo byukuri bidacika cyangwa bidafite ubwihisho. Ubukorikori nyabwo ntabwo ari ukubona ibyuma byamazi gusa; ni ukugenzura ibintu byose bibaho mbere na nyuma yuwo mwanya. Inyigisho nyinshi kumurongo zisiba ibice bikomeye: igishushanyo mbonera, sisitemu yo gukingira, gucunga kugabanuka, no kuvura ubushyuhe. Bituma bisa nkumushinga wicyumweru, ariko kugirango ubone ibisubizo bihamye, ugomba gutekereza nkumushinga, ndetse no kurwego ruto.
Urufatiro: Iratangira (Kandi akenshi birananirana) hamwe nicyitegererezo
Gukina kwawe nibyiza gusa nkicyitegererezo cyawe. Kumucanga, bivuze gusobanukirwa umushinga, kurangiza neza, no gutuza kubintu. Nataye amasaha arenze uko nitaho kugirango nemere kubaza ibishushanyo mbonera bivuye mu biti, gusa nkabishiramo ubushyuhe cyangwa kugwa mu mucanga mu gihe cyo guterura. Polystyrene ifuro yo guta-ifuro isa nkaho ihita, ariko kugenzura umunaniro hamwe nubusembwa bwa gaze ni ubundi bumenyi. Igishushanyo nigishushanyo mbonera, kandi niba kizimye, ibintu byose byo hepfo bizaba nabyo. Aha niho ubona impamvu imyambarire yabigize umwuga ikunda Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) koresha imiterere yimashini cyangwa tekinoroji yo gukora ibishushanyo mbonera byabo Igikonoshwa na gushora imari akazi-neza neza muriki cyiciro gikuraho isi yububabare nyuma.
Guhitamo ibikoresho kubishusho bifite akamaro kanini. Kuburyo bworoshye, pine irashobora gukora. Kubintu bifite ibisobanuro byiza cyangwa bikenera gusuka byinshi, igiti cyinshi, urethane resin, cyangwa nicyuma birakenewe. Coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwibikoresho byawe birashobora kugira ingaruka kubunini bwububiko, cyane cyane mumusenyi uhujwe. Nibisobanuro byinshi abakunda kwishimisha ntibigera batekereza kugeza babonye igice gifite milimetero nkeya munsi kandi bakibaza impamvu.
Noneho hariho sisitemu yo gutambuka no kuzamuka. Uyu ntabwo ari umuyoboro wibyuma gusa; ni umuyoboro wa hydraulic nubushyuhe bwo kugenzura. Gusuka ibyuma ntabwo ari nko gusuka amazi. Irakonja, iragabanuka, ifata umwuka. Nize ibi inzira igoye hamwe nibikoresho bito bya aluminium. Nakoze igishushanyo cyiza, napakira icyatsi kibisi, ndasuka. Ibikoresho byasaga neza ... kugeza igihe natunganije hejuru nsanga umwobo munini ugabanuka neza mumuzi yinyo. Icyuma cyakomereje hanze, kandi ahantu ha nyuma ho gukomera - ahantu hashyushye cyane - nta kigega cy’icyuma cyamazi cyo kugaburira. Nibyo ibyago bigamije. Kubishushanya neza bisaba gusobanukirwa ibiranga gukomera kwimiterere yawe yihariye, ikintu kiva muburambe cyangwa ubushakashatsi bwimbitse.
Umusaraba wo gushonga: Amavuta, Ubushyuhe, na Atmosifike
Gushonga nigice gitangaje, ariko biroroshye kubeshya gukora ikibi. Aluminium ntabwo ari ikintu kimwe gusa. Urimo gushonga 6061? Amabati ya soda 300? Bafite ibintu bitandukanye bya silicon na magnesium, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumazi, kugabanuka, nimbaraga zanyuma. Nigeze kugerageza guterura urutoki mumabati yashonze. Igisubizo cyaravunitse, cyuzuye oxyde, kandi gikunda guturika. Urwego rwanduye muri aluminiyumu ya kabiri ni rwinshi, kandi nta gutesha agaciro no gutembera neza, urimo utera ibibazo mubice.
Kugenzura ubushyuhe ni ngombwa. Ubukonje bukabije, kandi ibyuma ntibizuzuza ibice bito. Birashyushye cyane, kandi wongera kwinjiza gaze, okiside, hamwe ningaruka zo gutwika umucanga (muri greenensand). Pyrometero ntishobora kuganirwaho kubintu byose birenze ibyingenzi. Kubyuma nkibyuma cyangwa ibishishwa bidasanzwe (ibinyomoro bishingiye kuri cobalt, ibinyomoro bishingiye kuri nikel, nibindi) ko ibigo nka QSY ikora, kugenzura ikirere biba ibyingenzi kugirango birinde okiside no gutakaza ibintu byingenzi bivanga. Inganda zabo zifite itanura rya induction hamwe nibidukikije bigenzurwa ni imyaka-yumucyo kure yamakara yaka amakara, kandi kubwimpamvu.
Isuka ubwayo nigihe gito cyukuri. Igomba kwihuta bihagije kugirango wirinde gukonja hakiri kare ariko yoroshye kandi idahungabana kugirango wirinde guhumeka umwuka na slag. Nabonye casting nyinshi zangijwe no gusuka nabi kuruta gushonga nabi. Imitekerereze ihinduka kuva gusuka ibyuma kugeza kuzuza akavuyo muburyo bugenzurwa. Ni itandukaniro ryoroshye ariko rikomeye.
Ibikoresho byububiko: Birenze Umwanda
Greensand nibiyobyabwenge. Nibihendutse, birakoreshwa, kandi birababarira. Ariko imbaraga zayo nibiranga ubushyuhe bigabanya ibisobanuro nibisobanuro byukuri ushobora kugeraho. Kubiranga ibintu byiza, wimukira kumusenyi uhujwe (nka furan cyangwa fenolike), cyangwa mukarere ka ceramic. Igikonoshwa, inzira yibanze kuri QSY, ikoresha umusenyi usize umusenyi ukora igicucu, gikomeye gikikuje ishusho. Itanga ubuso buhebuje bwo kurangiza no kugereranya neza, byuzuye kubyara umusaruro mwinshi wibice bito. Kugerageza kwigana ibyo murugo biragoye - guhangana nuburyo bushyushye, kuvanga umucanga-resin, hamwe nitanura ikiza bisaba gushiraho.
Gutera ishoramari (yatakaye-ibishashara) ni umwami urambuye. Urashobora gufata imiterere na undercuts bidashoboka n'umucanga. DIY verisiyo ikoresha plaster-silika ivanze kubushoramari. Ifatwa? Gucunga kwaguka no kugabanya ibishashara byombi hamwe nigikonoshwa ceramic mugihe cyo kwangiza no kurasa. Niba bidahuye, igikonyo kiracika. Noneho, mugihe cyo gusuka, icyuma gishyushye gikubita igikonjo gikonje, gishobora gutera inkuba. Gushyushya ifu ni ngombwa, ariko kubona ubushyuhe butarinze kumeneka ni uburinganire bworoshye. Ninzira yo gukemura ibibazo kuri buri ntambwe.
Ipfunyika zikozwe mu ziko no kubambwa ni umwobo wabo w'urukwavu. Ibumba-grafite ihendutse cyane izangirika vuba hamwe na alloys, yanduza gushonga kwawe. Gutondekanya itanura ryakozwe murugo hamwe no kuvanga ibintu nabi bishobora kugutera kunanirwa gukabije - Nagize ikintu cyoroheje kandi gisinzira mugihe cyo gushonga, bikaba biteye akaga nkuko byumvikana. Siyanse yibikoresho inyuma yibitangazamakuru byangiritse ni disipuline ubwayo.
Iyo Ibintu Bitagenda nabi: Ukuri Kutagira inenge
Kugabanya ububobere, imyenge ya gaze, gufunga imbeho, gushiramo, gukora nabi, amarira ashyushye - amagambo yo gutsindwa ni menshi. Inenge yose ivuga inkuru kubyagenze nabi muribikorwa. Umwobo urabagirana, uzengurutse igice? Ibyo ni ibyuka bya gaze, birashoboka ko biva mubushuhe mububiko cyangwa hydrogène yashonze mumashanyarazi. Umuyoboro udasanzwe, udasanzwe? Ibyo kugabanuka, ikibazo cyo kugaburira. Ikidodo kigaragara hejuru aho ibyuma bibiri byahuriraga ariko ntibishyire hamwe? Nibyo gufunga ubukonje, bivuze ko icyuma cyari gikonje cyane cyangwa gusuka byatinze cyane.
Gukemura ibyo bibazo niho ibitekerezo bihura nimyitozo. Iraguhatira gusuzuma ibintu byose bihinduka: ibirimo ubushuhe bwumucanga, ubukana bwibumba, gusuka ubushyuhe, ibihimbano, ibishushanyo mbonera. Ni gake cyane igisubizo kimwe. Kurugero, guhagarika ubukonje birashobora gukosorwa mukongera ubushyuhe bwo gusuka, ariko ibyo bishobora kuzana ibibazo bya gaze. Birashoboka rero ko ukeneye guhindura amarembo kugirango ube manini cyangwa uhindure aho uherereye kugirango utezimbere ibyuma. Iyi itera, gukemura ibibazo ni umutima wukuri wa DIY. Niyo mpamvu inzira ikunda cyane kandi itesha umutwe. Ntabwo urimo gukora igice gusa; urimo gukora injeniyeri yigihe gito, ikoreshwa (mold) kugirango uyireme.
Iri ni ryo tandukaniro rikomeye hagati yimyidagaduro yumusaruro umwe ninganda. Isosiyete nka QSY, hamwe na mirongo gukina no gutunganya, yabonye inenge zose zishoboka kandi ifite uburyo busanzwe, kugenzura ubuziranenge, na post-casting Imashini ya CNC gukosora gutandukana guto cyangwa kongeramo ibisobanuro. Akazi kabo guta ibyuma, ibyuma, ibyuma bidafite ingese ongeraho ibice bigoye kubyerekeranye no gushonga ingingo, gutembera, no kugabanuka igipimo DIYers nyinshi itazigera ikoraho.
Gusya nyuma yo gusya: Kurangiza ni igice cyibikorwa
Gukina biva mubibumbano, kandi akazi karangiye. Ufite amasoko, amarembo, na risers kugirango ucike. Noneho hariho gusya, kumusenyi, hamwe no kuvura ubushyuhe. Gukata amarembo hamwe no gusya inguni biroroshye, ariko ugomba kwitonda kugirango udahina igice cyangwa ngo utange ubushyuhe buhagije kugirango uhindure microstructure, cyane cyane mubyuma byabikoresho cyangwa ibishishwa bikomera umwuka.
Kuvura ubushyuhe nubuhanzi bwabirabura kubataramenyekana. Amavuta ya aluminiyumu nka A356 akeneye igisubizo cyo kuvura ubushyuhe no gusaza (T6 temper) kugirango agere ku mbaraga zabo zose. Kubyuma, urashobora gukenera mubisanzwe, anneal, kuzimya, nubushyuhe. Kubona iki kibi birashobora gutuma bisa nkaho bitunganijwe neza cyangwa byoroshye. Irasaba itanura igenzurwa nubumenyi bwigihe-ubushyuhe-bwo guhindura (TTT) igishushanyo cyawe cyihariye. Imishinga myinshi ya DIY ihagarara kuri as-cast leta, kubice byinshi ikora neza ariko ntabwo ari byiza.
Hanyuma, hariho gutunganya. Abakinnyi bake cyane ni net-shusho. Ubuso butwara bushobora gukenera guhindurwa, umwobo urashobora gukenera gucukurwa no gukomwa, cyangwa isura igenda ishobora gukenera gusya. Aha niho guhuriza hamwe gukina no gutunganya, nkuko bigaragara ku kigo cyuzuye gitanga serivisi (urashobora kubona ingero z'uburyo bwabo bwahujwe kuri https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), irakomeye cyane. Barashobora gushushanya igice hamwe namafaranga yo gutunganya mubitekerezo uhereye mugitangira, bakagitera, hanyuma bakarangiza kugirango bihangane neza murugo. Kuri caster ya DIY, ibi bivuze kenshi isegonda, iringaniye cyane mumashini cyangwa CNC ikora kugirango casting ikoreshwe rwose.
Noneho, DIY ni irembo. Itangirana no gushonga ibyuma, ariko niba uyikomeje, iragukurura mubikoresho bya siyanse, imbaraga za fluid, thermodynamic, hamwe nubushakashatsi. Iragucisha bugufi kunanirwa kandi iguhemba kunyurwa cyane no gufata ikintu gikomeye, gikomeye cyicyuma waremye uhereye kubikoresho nubumenyi. Ikinyuranyo hagati yinyuma yisuka ninyuma yinganda ntabwo arimwe mubipimo gusa; ni ugukomeza kugenzura, gusobanukirwa, no kunonosorwa. Kandi iyo ni ingorane nyayo-kandi ishimishije-muri byose.
