Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'gutunganya ibintu bikabije', bahita batekereza kwihanganira cyane. Urabizi, ± 0.001 cyangwa ndetse ± 0.0002 guhamagarwa ku gishushanyo. Icyo ni igice cyacyo, ariko ni igice cyoroshye gusobanura. Ikibazo nyacyo, igice gitandukanya iduka rishobora kuvuga ko ryakozwe nimwe rishobora gutanga buri gihe, riba mubintu bidafatika. Ni mumashanyarazi yumuriro wigikoresho cyimashini mugihe cyamasaha 8 ikora, micro-ihindagurika mugice cya 17-4 PH idafite umwanda, nuburyo igice kigoreka mugihe urangije kugikuramo nyuma yanyuma yo kurangiza. Amaduka menshi, cyane cyane ayo mirimo mashya yo kwihanganira cyane, akosorwa kuri mashini - umunzani ugereranije, nkuko byatangajwe na laser calibration. Ayo ni itike yo kwinjira. Igikorwa nyacyo gitangira nyuma yimashini imaze gushyirwaho.
Urufatiro: Itangira mbere yuko Spindle ihinduka
Ntushobora guhinduranya umuvuduko mwinshi kuri fondasiyo ihindagurika kandi utegereje ibitangaza. Ibi nabyize inzira igoye hakiri kare. Twari dufite umushinga usaba ibintu byo gusya mikoro kuri nikel ishingiye kuri nikel igizwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura amazi. Ibicapo byasabye kurangiza hejuru no kwihanganira imyanya byari ukuri, biteye ubwoba. Twari dufite urusyo 5-axis, ariko twakomeje kubona ibisubizo bidahuye mugice cya gatatu cyangwa icya kane mugice. Ibipimo by'ibicuruzwa byatwicaga.
Iterambere ntabwo ryavuye muguhindura ibiryo n'umuvuduko. Byaturutse ku kureba hasi. Imashini yari ku cyapa gisanzwe cy’uruganda, ariko yari hafi yumuryango wapakiye. Umunota wa forklift yatwaraga, cyangwa niyo sisitemu ya HVAC yatangiriye, twabonye guhinda umushyitsi - kabisa ntibishoboka, ariko bihagije kugirango twerekane nk'ikimenyetso gito cyo kuganira cyangwa gutembera kurwego kuri probe. Twarangije gushiraho fondasiyo yabugenewe, yitaruye kuri iyo mashini, tuyikuramo uhereye ahasigaye uruganda. Byari inzira ihenze, ihungabanya, ariko niyo nzira yonyine yo gukuraho iyo variable. Ngiyo uruhande rudashimishije rwa gutunganya neza cyane: rimwe na rimwe ikintu gikomeye cyane ni beto.
Aha niho uburambe mubumenyi bwibintu buhinduka kutaganirwaho. Gukorana nudusimba twihariye nka Inconel cyangwa cobalt-chrome ntabwo ari ugukoresha ibikoresho bikomeye. Nibyerekeranye no gusobanukirwa nuburyo ibintu bisigaye byibintu biva muri casting cyangwa guhimba bizitwara mugihe utangiye gukuramo ibikoresho. Nabonye ibice bikozwe neza neza nyuma yiminsi mike mvuye mumashini nkuko imihangayiko yimbere yongeye kuringaniza. Noneho, akenshi dushyiramo intambwe-yo kugabanya intambwe hagati, cyangwa ndetse tugashiraho uburyo bwo kwemerera kugenda, kugenzurwa. Ni imbyino hagati yibyuma byo kwibuka hamwe ninzira nyabagendwa.
Igikoresho cya Paradox: Iyo Ufite Ibyingenzi Birenze Gukata
Vugana numukanishi uwo ari we wese kubyerekeye ubusobanuro, kandi ikiganiro gihinduka ibikoresho. Ariko hariho umutego uhuriweho: gushora imari cyane mugikoresho cyo gukata ubwacyo mugihe wirengagije ibintu byose hejuru. Ihuza hagati ya spindle no gukata impande ni urunigi rushobora kwibeshya. Urusyo ruhebuje, sub-micron yihanganira uruganda rwanyuma ntacyo rumaze niba rwicaye mumaseti yambarwa cyangwa uyifite afite itumanaho rito.
Twagereranije kurwego rwo hejuru, rufite ibikoresho bihamye bifata ibikoresho mumyaka yashize. Itandukaniro ryo kwiruka no gusubiramo byahise bigaragara, cyane cyane kurangiza ibikorwa. Ariko isomo rinini ryari mubuyobozi. Tugomba gushyira mubikorwa gahunda ihamye yo kubungabunga no gufata neza ibikoresho bya sisitemu ubwayo. Ntabwo ari ugushiraho no kwibagirwa umutungo. Imihindagurikire yubushyuhe mu iduka, ndetse ningaruka zoroheje, zirashobora kugira ingaruka kubantu bafite. Noneho, kugenzura no kwandika abafite kwiruka ni ibintu bisanzwe nko guhindura insert.
Coolant ntabwo ari iyo kwimura chip gusa no gukonja ukundi. Mubyukuri birenze urugero akazi, cyane cyane hamwe na allotic alloys, ibigize imiti nigitutu cya coolant birashobora kugira ingaruka kubusugire ndetse nubuzima bwibikoresho. Twari dufite ikibazo cya 316L kitagira umwanda aho twakomeje kubona microscopique ihita hejuru yikimenyetso gikomeye. Nyuma yo kunaniza ibikoresho byinzira hamwe nibikoresho bihinduka, twarebye kuri coolant. Byagaragaye ko gukura kwa bagiteri gake (ikintu utari kubona muburyo bukabije) cyagize ingaruka kumavuta kuri interineti. Guhindukira muburyo bukomeye, kubungabunga-gukonjesha gukonjesha byakemutse. Izi nizo ngaruka za kabiri nagatatu ziganje mubikorwa.
Gupima ni Inzira, Ntabwo Igenzura ryanyuma
Ibi birashobora kuba impinduka nini mumitekerereze. Mubikorwa bisanzwe, ukora imashini igice, hanyuma ugapima. Mubikorwa bisobanutse neza, gupima birahujwe, akenshi mubikorwa. Kugenzura imashini ntabwo ari ibintu byiza; ni nkenerwa kwishura ubwiyongere bwubushyuhe bwimashini cyangwa igice. Ariko nubwo ibyo bifite aho bigarukira.
Twashora imari muri CMM yo murwego rwohejuru kugirango twemeze burundu, ariko twahise tubona ko ibidukikije bikenewe nkibikomeye. Yicaye mububiko bwayo bugenzurwa n'ubushyuhe. Igitangaje cyari ibihangano bya kalibrasi-urwego rukuru dukoresha kugirango twuzuze CMM. Diameter yemewe ifite coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe. Niba tutaretse urwego rumenyera ubushyuhe bwicyumba cya CMM mugihe cyagenwe mbere yuko kalibrasi ikora, twatangizaga amakosa kurwego rwibanze. Nibintu bicisha bugufi kwibutsa ko buri murongo uhuza urunigi.
Rimwe na rimwe, kwihanganira gusabwa gusunika ibirenze ubushobozi bwa CMMs. Kubintu bimwe na bimwe bya optique cyangwa fluidic, tugomba gufatanya na laboratoire ikoresha interterometero yera-yumucyo cyangwa guhuza gupima microscopes. Ikigaragara ni uko ugomba kumenya imipaka ya metero yawe kandi ukagira gahunda isobanutse kubiri hejuru. Ntushobora kwemeza 0.1-micron Ra hejuru kurangiza hamwe na profilometero y'intoki.
Urubanza mu ngingo: Kuva gukina kugeza igice cyarangiye
Aha niho inzira ihagaritse yerekana agaciro kayo. Fata isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Hamwe nimyaka irenga 30 mugukina no gutunganya, babona urugendo rwose. Iyo ugamije gutunganya neza cyane ku bice byabashitsi, ntushobora gufata icyiciro cyo gutunganya nkizinga. Ubwiza no guhuzagurika kwa casting yambere - yaba umwihariko wa shell mold cyangwa gushora imari - ishyiraho igisenge kubishoboka muri selire ya CNC.
Ndibuka umushinga urimo amazu ya pompe igoye muri duplex ibyuma bidafite ingese. Igice cyasabye silinderi yimbitse, irambiranye neza kandi ifite ubuso bwuzuye. Uruganda (ntabwo ari QSY muriki kibazo) rwatanze ibishushanyo bisa neza neza. Ariko mugihe cyo gutunganya, twakubitaga ahantu hakomeye ndetse rimwe na rimwe bikagira ubwoba byangiza ibikoresho bihenze kandi bikuraho ibice byarangiye. Ikibazo cyari ukudahuza muri microstructure ya casting. Niba inzira yo gushinga itagenzuwe kugirango igaburire ibikenewe mu gutunganya neza - kugabanya imihangayiko isigaye, kwemeza ubukana bumwe - umukanishi arwana intambara yamaze gutsindwa.
Amaduka nka QSY, agenzura casting na Imashini ya CNC munsi y'inzu imwe, ifite inyungu zingenzi. Amatsinda yabo yo gutunganya arashobora gutanga ibitekerezo bitaziguye kubishingwe byukuntu icyiciro cyimashini zitera. Barashobora guhindura amarembo, igipimo cyo gukonjesha, cyangwa kuvura ubushyuhe kugirango bakore casting itumvikana neza, ariko kandi ishobora gukoreshwa neza. Ibi bitekerezo ntibishobora kugaragara kubakiriya ba nyuma ariko birakomeye rwose kubwizerwa no kugenzura ibiciro. Ihindura inzira kuva murukurikirane rwamaboko ihinduka sisitemu ikomeza, itezimbere.
Ibintu byabantu mwisi yikora
Hamwe nibi biganiro byose byimashini, metrologiya, nibikoresho, biroroshye kwibagirwa programmer nuwabikoraga. Automation iratangaje kubisubiramo, ariko iterambere ryambere ryambere, ingamba-yambere-iburyo, iracyari umurimo wimbitse wabantu, ubunararibonye. Abakanishi beza nakoranye nabo bafite ubwoko bwimikorere ya tactile. Bumva gukata, bareba imiterere ya chip (ibara, imiterere, gutonda), kandi barashobora gusuzuma ikibazo mbere yuko iperereza ritangira.
Ubu bushishozi bwubatswe ku musingi wo kugerageza kunanirwa. Twigeze kugerageza gukoresha inzira yo gusya trochoidal kumurongo wimbitse muri titanium, dushingiye kubitabo byiza. Byari bikwiye gukora. Ariko geometrie yihariye yaremye ihindagurika rihuza ibikoresho byananiranye. Umukoresha yumvise impinduka zidasobanutse mumajwi - urusaku rwinshi-ahagarika uruziga. Imibare yamakuru ntacyo yerekanaga kugeza igihe cyo gutsindwa. Ugutwi kwe gukiza igihangano gihenze cyane. Ubunararibonye bwatetse mubikorwa byacu byo gutegura ibintu bisa; ubu dukoresha ingamba zinyuranye zuburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa. Nta software ya CAM yogutezimbere algorithm yaba yarahanuye ko imikoranire idafite iyo ngingo ifatika.
Mugihe rero, mugihe dusunika amatara-yumuriro kumurimo uhamye, turinda cyane umwanya kubantu bakuru bacu bagerageza, guhinduranya, kandi yego, rimwe na rimwe kumena ikintu. Ngiyo ingengo yimari ya R&D birenze urugero akazi. Ntushobora kubitanga hanze, kandi ntushobora gutangiza imyigire itanga. Nukwirundanya kwibi bito, byatsindiye ubushishozi byubaka ubushobozi bwiduka, burenze kure ibyanditswe kurutonde rwibikoresho.
