Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'ibice birwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru', bahita batekereza kurwego rwibintu - Inconel 718, Hastelloy X, ibintu nkibyo. Nibyo byambere, kandi akenshi binini, kwibeshya. Urupapuro rwerekana ni umurongo wo gutangira. Ikibazo nyacyo gitangira iyo ufashe ayo mavuta meza kandi ugomba kuyahindura mubintu bikora bitabaho ubushyuhe gusa, ariko gusiganwa ku magare yumuriro, okiside, guhangayika, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ikirere cyangirika, byose icyarimwe. Nabonye imishinga myinshi ihagaze kuko icyerekezo cyibanze gusa kumpapuro zifatika, ntabwo byari murugendo rwose kuva kuri bilet kugeza igice cyashyizweho.
Igenzura ryukuri
Reka tuvuge kubyerekeye gukina, byumwihariko kuri geometrike igoye. Ntushobora gusuka gusa-temp-alloy alloy muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose kandi wizeye ibyiza. Hamwe na nikel-ishingiye kuri alloys, kurugero, uburyo bwo gukomera ni byose. Niba ubyibeshye, urangiza ufite micro-shrinkage cyangwa amarira ashyushye ashobora gutsinda igenzura ariko bikananirana rwose kubera ubushyuhe bwumuriro muri serivisi. Ibi twabyize inzira igoye mumyaka yashize kuri turbine amazu prototype. Ibikoresho byari byiza ku mpapuro, ariko uburyo bwo gukina bwerekanaga inenge zimbere zagaragaye gusa nyuma yubushyuhe bugera kuri 50 mugupima - isomo rihenze muguhitamo inzira, ntabwo ari ibikoresho gusa.
Aha niho uburambe bwumushinga buba butaganirwaho. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu muri shell no gushora imari, irabyumva neza. Urubuga rwabo, tsingtaocnc.com, urutonde rwakazi kabo hamwe na cobalt na nikel-ishingiye kuri alloys. Icyangombwa ntabwo ari uko babitondekanya; ni uko bashobora kuba barateje imbere sisitemu yo kwinjirira no gusuka ibipimo kugirango ayo mavuta yitware. Kubice byubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, as-guta imiterere yumurongo wawe wambere wo kwirwanaho. Kubona ubwo burenganzira bisaba kuvanga ubuhanzi na siyanse ukura gusa kubisubiramo, akenshi birababaza, ikigeragezo nikosa.
Hanyuma haza gutunganya. Gukora ubushyuhe bwo hejuru superalloy ninyamaswa zitandukanye rwose. Ntabwo ari nk'ibyuma. Iyi mavuta ikora cyane-vuba. Niba inzira yawe y'ibikoresho, umuvuduko, cyangwa ibiryo byazimye, ntabwo wambaye igikoresho gusa - uhindura ubusugire bwubuso bwigice, ukarema urwego rwibintu bitesha umutwe, byacitse mikoro bihinduka intangiriro yo kunanirwa nubushyuhe. Guhitamo gukonje hamwe nigitutu cya progaramu yingirakamaro cyane hano kugirango ucunge ubushyuhe kuri interineti. Nuburinganire bworoshye hagati yo gukuraho ibintu no kutangiza substrate ugerageza kubika.
Sekibi mubisobanuro birambuye
Gusobanura 'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru' nintambwe yambere ikomeye. Ese 800 ° C ikomeza? Cyangwa 1100 ° C mugihe gito? Itandukaniro ritegeka byose. Kubushuhe bukabije, kurwanya okiside akenshi biba ibintu bigabanya. Urashobora gukenera ubuvuzi bwihariye cyangwa ukanatekereza kumuryango utandukanye. Kuri cyclicale progaramu, nko muri sisitemu yo gusohora, umunaniro wumuriro ni umwicanyi. Hano, coefficient yibikoresho byo kwagura ubushyuhe nimbaraga zayo zikurura ni inyenyeri zerekana. Igice kitagendana cyane nubushyuhe gishobora gucika kubera kwiyongera.
Ndibuka ibice bya valve kumurongo wo gutunganya imiti. Ibikoresho byari bisanzwe-temp idafite umwanda. Yatsinze ibizamini byambere bishyushye. Ariko mu gihingwa nyirizina, cyabonye kuzimya byihuse biturutse ku guhagarika umutima - kwinjiza gitunguranye amazi akonje. Ihungabana ryumuriro ryateje imisatsi yumusatsi ntamuntu numwe watekereje kugerageza. Gukosora ntabwo byari ibintu byoroshye cyane, ahubwo byahinduwe kuri geometrike yo kubabarira gato no guhinduranya amanota hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza bwo guhangana nubushyuhe. Porogaramu nyayo ibidukikije, ntabwo ari byiza ku gishushanyo, yategetse igisubizo.
Niyo mpamvu ubufatanye nuwabikoze ari ngombwa. Iyo ushakisha, ntabwo ugura igice gusa; urimo kugura ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukemura ibibazo. Ugomba kuba ushobora kuvuga, Ibi bizabona umuvuduko ukabije kuva kuri 950 ° C kugeza kuri 400 ° C mukirere gitanga sulfuru, kandi bakagaruka bafite ibitekerezo byuburyo bwibikoresho ndetse ninganda. Ese ibikorwa byabo byo gushora imari bishobora kugera kubutaka bukenewe kugirango bagabanye ibibanza byatangiriye? Ese CNC nyuma yo gutunganya irashobora kwemeza guhangayikishwa no kugaragara hejuru?
Guhitamo Ibikoresho: Impirimbanyi zifatika
Hariho urwego rwibikoresho byubushyuhe bwo hejuru, hamwe na roketi igiciro hamwe nubushobozi. Rimwe na rimwe, iterambere ryambere-kristu ya superalloy irenze urugero. Icyuma cyateguwe neza gifite imiyoboro ikonjesha imbere gishobora gukemura ikibazo cya 700 ° C ku giciro gito. Amayeri ni ukumenya aho inzitizi ziri. Kubikorwa byinshi byinganda murwego rwa 700-1000 ° C, ibivangwa na nikel bishingiye kuri nikel nka Inconel 625 cyangwa 718 ni inzu yakazi. Zitanga impirimbanyi nziza, kurwanya okiside, no guhimba.
Ariko no muri ibyo, ufite amahitamo. Yakozwe nabakinnyi? Kubishusho bigoye, gukina niyo nzira yonyine ishobora kubaho. Inzobere nka QSY, itanga byombi gushora imari hanyuma Imashini ya CNC, itanga gukomeza. Barashobora kubyara hafi-net-shusho muburyo bukomeye buvanze no gukina hanyuma bagashiraho imashini ikomeye yo gufunga cyangwa umwobo wa bolt hamwe neza, bikomeza ubusugire bwibintu binyuze mumurongo wose. Uku kugenzura guhuriweho ninyungu nini-wirinda ibyago byo kugura imashini idafite uburambe muri superalloys yangiza casting nziza.
Ikintu kimwe cyirengagizwa ni gusana gusudira. Ese gusana biremewe kuri casting? Kubice bimwe bikomeye bizunguruka, ntabwo aribyo rwose. Kubintu byubatswe bihamye mu itanura, birashoboka ko byemewe. Iki cyemezo kigomba gufatwa mbere yishingiro, kuko bigira ingaruka kuburyo bujuje ibisabwa nibipimo byubugenzuzi bakoresha. Nibikorwa bifatika, hasi-yisi bifite ingaruka zikomeye kubiciro no kuyobora igihe.
Ubugenzuzi n'amakosa atagaragara
Kugenzura ubuziranenge kubushyuhe bwo hejuru ntibishobora guhagarara kugenzura. Igeragezwa ryirangi risanzwe kubisanzwe. Ariko kubunyangamugayo bwimbere, cyane cyane kubice biterwa nihungabana ryinshi, gupima radiografiya (X-ray) ni ngombwa. Iragaruka kuri iyo ngingo yambere kubyerekeranye na casting. Urimo kugenzura ko uburyo bwa fondasiyo bwatanze amajwi yimbere. Aka ntabwo ari agace ko guca inguni. Inenge wabuze hano ni umurima wananiwe gutegereza kubaho, hamwe nigihe cyose cyo gutinda hamwe numutekano bizana.
Rimwe na rimwe, ugomba kujya kure. Ku mushinga uheruka urimo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ntitwerekanye RT gusa, ahubwo twanagerageje gupima metallografiya ku byitegererezo by'ibitambo byaturutse ku bushyuhe bumwe. Twari dukeneye kugenzura ingano ingano no gushakisha ibyiciro byose bitifuzwa bishobora kuba byarakozwe mugihe cyo gukomera. Yongeyeho igihe nigiciro, ariko niyo nzira yonyine yo kwigirira ikizere kubisabwa nta marge yo kwibeshya. Uruganda, niba ari inararibonye, rugomba kubyumva kandi rushobora kwakira cyangwa no gutanga izi ntambwe.
Hanyuma, tekereza kurangiza. Ubuso butajegajega, bushobora kuba ahantu hashyushye kuri okiside no gutangira. Akenshi, ikirahure cyoroshye-isaro cyangwa uburyo bwihariye bwo gutoranya birashobora kunoza cyane imbaraga zo kurwanya okiside yubutaka mugukora urwego rumwe, rworohewe. Nintambwe ntoya, yanyuma ikoresha ibikoresho byimiterere yibintu neza.
Kurangiza Ibitekerezo: Ni Sisitemu, Ntabwo ari Igice
Noneho, gukuramo ibi byose hamwe. Gushakisha ibyizewe igice cyihanganira ubushyuhe ntabwo ari itegeko ryo kugura gusa. Nubufatanye bwa tekiniki. Itangirana nubunyangamugayo busabwa ibisabwa, ikanyura mubintu bifatika no gutoranya inzira (aho ibigo bifite ubushobozi bwimbitse bwimbitse nka casting na mashini bimurika), kandi byemejwe na protocole yubugenzuzi ihuye ningaruka.
Intego ni ukurangiza igice kitabaho gusa, ariko kigakora muburyo buteganijwe kubuzima bugenewe. Ibyo guhanura biva kumurongo wose wumunyururu - kuva kumaduka yashonga kugeza kashe yanyuma. Ntabwo ari ugushakisha ibikoresho byubumaji nibindi bijyanye no gushyira mubikorwa urunigi rwagaragaye, rugenzurwa kugirango uhindure ibyo bintu mubintu ushobora rwose gushingiraho mugihe ubushyuhe buri, mubyukuri. Itandukaniro riri hagati yigice gikora nigice cyananiwe akenshi kiri muribi bisobanuro bitangaje, bidashimishije byo gukora no kwemeza bitigera bigera ku gatabo keza.
