Urabona 'MIM' yajugunywe hafi muriyi minsi, akenshi nkijambo ryijambo ry 'ibice bigoye, bihendutse.' Ngiyo imyumvire ya mbere itari yo. Ntabwo ari amarozi, kandi rwose ntabwo buri gihe bihendutse. Inkuru nyayo ya uburyo bwo guterwa ibyuma itangira kera mbere yuko ifunga rifunga, murwego rujagari, urwego rukomeye rwibiryo. Fata ibyo bibi, kandi ntakindi kintu cyingenzi.
Imbyino ya Feedstock: Ubuhanzi burenze Ubumenyi
Umuntu wese avuga kubumba cyangwa gucumura, ariko umutima wibikorwa bya MIM byizewe ni ubworozi bw'amatungo. Ntabwo tuvanga gusa ifu yicyuma na binder; turimo gukora ibintu bimwe, bitemba. Ikigereranyo ni byose. Binder cyane? Urabona gusinzira no kugoreka mugihe cyo gutanga inguzanyo. Ni bike cyane? Ntushobora kuzuza ibice bito. Nabonye amatsinda atangwa nabatanga ibintu bitandukanye, nubwo bafite ibintu bimwe, bitwara nabi muburyo butandukanye. Ntabwo ari ibijyanye na D50 yifu gusa; ni igabanywa ryimiterere. Ifu ya spherical ivuye muri atomisiyasi ya gazi itemba neza, byanze bikunze, ariko iyo miterere izengurutse irashobora rimwe na rimwe kubabaza ubucucike bwa nyuma niba utitondeye imyirondoro.
Kera kare, twari dufite umushinga wigikoresho gito cyo kubaga ibikoresho, igice gifite umusaraba wavuye kuri 2mm ugera kuri 0.5mm. Twakoresheje ibiryo bisanzwe 316L. Ibice byasaga neza neza neza. Nyuma haje catalitike deindinging. Ibice bito gusa ... byarazimye. Ntabwo yashonga, ariko muburyo bwananiranye. Igipimo cyo kuvanaho binder cyari gikaze cyane kubyo gutandukana kwinshi. Isomo? Ibiryo byawe bigomba kuba bidahuye gusa nibikoresho, ahubwo bigizwe na geometrie. Ingano imwe-ihuza-ifu / binder ivanze ni resept yo kubabaza umutima. Ukeneye umufatanyabikorwa ubyumva kurwego rwa granular, umuntu nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Hamwe nimyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo mu gutondeka neza, basobanukiwe n'akamaro k'imyitwarire yibintu munsi yubushyuhe bwumuriro, imitekerereze isobanura neza gucunga amatungo ya MIM no gucumura.
Sisitemu ya binder ubwayo - iyo ni iyindi isi yose. Wax-polymer, amazi-ashonga, catalitike - buriwese asiga urutoki kuruhande. Catalitike (ukoresheje imyuka ya acide nitric) irihuta ariko irashobora gutera amavuta amwe. Gutanga ubushyuhe biratinda ariko byoroheje. Guhitamo hano byerekana gahunda yawe yitanura, imikorere yawe, nigipimo cyawe. Ni amahitamo shingiro ukora mbere yuko utegura igikoresho.
Gucumura: Aho Ubumaji (na Shrinkage) Bibaho
Nicyiciro cyo gukora cyangwa kumena. Ufite 'igice cy'umukara' - cyoroshye, binder zose hamwe na powder skeleton. Itanura ry'itanura niho rihinduka icyuma. Kugabanuka birateganijwe, mubisanzwe hafi 15-20%, ariko ntabwo bigeze ari isotropique neza. Igice kirekire, kiringaniye gishobora gutera niba kidashyigikiwe neza kubashiraho. Twigeze gukoresha icyiciro cya plaque ihuza. Kwihanganirana kwinshi kwari gukomeye ku mwobo uzamuka. Twakubise theoretique yubucucike, ariko ibyobo byahinduwe na microne nkeya. Kubera iki? Ikirere cy'itanura cyari gifite igipimo gito. Ibice kuruhande rwibumoso rwumukandara wabonye ubushyuhe butandukanye nubwa iburyo.
Kugenzura ikirere ni byose. Hydrogen, argon, vacuum, cyangwa amoniya yamenetse. Kubyuma bidafite umwanda, ukeneye ikirere kigabanya neza kugirango ubone ubwo buso butarimo karburizasi. Akantu gato kameneka, gake ya ogisijeni yinjira, hanyuma ukabona igice cyoroshye, cyacumuye cyoroshye. Ntabwo buri gihe bigaragara mumaso. Twari dufite icyiciro cyibice 17-4 bya PH byatsinze igenzura ryerekanwa ndetse nigenzura ryibanze. Ariko mubisabwa, bananiwe kubera umunaniro. Metallography yerekanaga okiside igizwe nimbibi zimbuto - ibimenyetso byumwuka mugihe cyo hagati yo gucumura.
Aha niho uburambe bwumushinga bwerekana. Isosiyete nka QSY, imaze imyaka isaga 30 ikora muri shell no gushora imari hamwe na alloys kuva kumashanyarazi asanzwe kugeza kuri superalloys ishingiye kuri nikel, yumva gutunganya ubushyuhe mumagufwa yabo. Ubwo bumenyi bwukuntu ibinyomoro bidasanzwe bitwara mubushyuhe bwinshi, uburyo bwo gucunga ikirere kugirango wirinde kwanduza, birashobora kwimurwa kandi ni iby'agaciro kuri uburyo bwo guterwa ibyuma. Bazi ko gucumura atari 'kubishyushya' gusa; ni metamorphose igenzurwa.
Umutego wigikoresho nigikorwa cya kabiri
Abantu batekereza ko MIM ikuraho imashini. Iragabanya. Uracyakeneye hafi buri gihe ops ya kabiri. EDM kubintu bidashobora kubumbabumbwa, nkibicuruzwa cyangwa kare kare imbere. Umucyo wa CNC utunganya ibintu bifatika cyangwa bifatanye. Rimwe na rimwe, igikorwa cyo guhuza post-sinter kugirango ukuri kugipimo. Umutego urimo gutegura igice cya MIM nkaho kizaba igice cyanyuma cya net-shusho. Ugomba gushushanya inzira. Radiyo nini, uburebure bwurukuta rumwe aho bishoboka, inguni zingingo - ntabwo aribyifuzo.
Ndibuka igikoresho cyibikoresho bya kamera. Ibishushanyo byashakaga impande nziza, nziza. Radiyo Zeru. Twaragerageje. Ibiryo ntibishobora kuzuza buri gihe, kandi inguni zashishuye mugihe cyo gusohora cyangwa gukora muri leta yumukara. Tugomba gusubira inyuma, ongeramo radiyo 0.1mm. Ntibyagaragaye mubicuruzwa byanyuma ariko bituma igice gikora. Igikoresho ubwacyo ni ikindi gikoko. Nibikoresho byo gutera inshinge, bityo bikenera polish, umuyaga mwiza, amarembo akwiye. Ariko urimo gukuramo ifu yicyuma. Kwambara ku mfuruka no ku marembo birarenze ugereranije na plastiki. Ugomba gutegura gahunda yo kubungabunga.
Kandi ubu nubufatanye hamwe na serivise yuzuye itanga. Niba urebye ubushobozi bwa QSY, batondekanya CNC gutunganya neza kuruhande rwabo. Uru ni urufunguzo. Barashobora gufata igice cya MIM cyacumuye no munzu, imashini hejuru ya datum igaragara cyangwa bagacukura umwobo utambutse bidashoboka kubumba. Uku guhuza guhagaritse kugenzura ubuziranenge nigiciro. Ntabwo urimo kohereza igice cyacumuye mubindi bikoresho byimashini, bishobora kwangirika.
Ibintu bifatika: Ntabwo ari kubusa gusa
Ibikoresho by'agatabo ni 316L, 17-4PH, ibyuma bya karubone bisanzwe. Ariko porogaramu zishimishije ziri mubintu bidasanzwe. Twakoze akazi hamwe na tungsten iremereye yo kuringaniza uburemere ndetse nibigeragezo bimwe na titanium. Ti MIM ninzozi zonyine-urimo gucumura mu cyuho kinini, kandi ifu ihenze kandi pyrophoric kuyikora. Kwishura biragoye, byoroheje biomedical transplant. Ariko igipimo cy'umusaruro ... nicyo kibazo.
Ibi bihuza neza na portfolio yibikoresho byinzobere nkibyo twavuze haruguru. Ubunararibonye bwabo bushingiye kuri cobalt na nikel bushingiye kuri nikel mu gushora imari ni umutungo munini. Aya mavuta avanze afite uburyo bwo gucumura - gucamo ibice byamazi, gucumura gukora - no kumenya metallurgie rusange yabo mubindi bikorwa bitanga intangiriro. Uwiteka uburyo bwo guterwa ibyuma kubintu bya superalloy ntabwo ari ibintu bitandukanye gusa; ni filozofiya itandukanye rwose na densification hamwe niterambere rya microstructure.
Ntushobora kandi kwirengagiza ibinini byoroshye bya magnetiki, nka Fe-Si cyangwa Fe-Ni. Gucumura kugirango ugere kubucucike buri hejuru hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwa magneti ni urugendo rukomeye. Ubushyuhe bukabije, utakaza ibintu; hasi cyane, ufite ubwoba. Nibisabwa niche aho MIM imurika rwose, ntabwo mugukora ikindi gikoresho rusange gishobora gushyirwaho kashe.
Iyo MIM Atari Igisubizo
Iki gishobora kuba igice cyingenzi. MIM ni fantastique kubijwi byinshi, bigoye geometrie, ibice-byihanganirana. Ariko niba igice cyawe cyoroshye - icyogajuru cyibanze, inkoni igororotse - jyana no gutunganya cyangwa gushiraho kashe. Niba ukeneye ultra-high tensile imbaraga cyangwa ingaruka zikomeye nkumukinnyi, reba ishoramari. Niba ukeneye prototype imwe, icapiro ryicyuma cya 3D rishobora kuba ryiza, nubwo ikibazo cyo kurangiza hejuru.
Kwambukiranya hamwe no gushora imari birashimishije cyane. Kubice binini (vuga, garama zirenga 100-150) cyangwa ibice bidakeneye rwose ko bitagira umurego mubice bikomeye, ishoramari ryakozwe neza rishobora kuba ryizewe kandi rihendutse. Isosiyete itanga byombi, nka QSY, irashobora kuguha ibyifuzo bitabogamye. Ntabwo bagerageza guhatira inzira; barashobora kureba icapiro ryawe bakavuga bati, Kuri iyi miterere yashizweho nubunini, MIM izagukiza 30% kubiciro byikiguzi, cyangwa Iyi cavit y'imbere ni ndende cyane, reka turebe ibishishwa byabigenewe aho.
Ibi twabyize inzira igoye. Umukiriya yashimangiye kuri MIM kumurongo munini, ugereranije byoroshye. Igikoresho cyari kinini kandi gihenze, kugoreka icyaha byari intambara, kandi ikiguzi cyigice cyari hejuru kuruta ubundi buryo bwahimbwe. Twari dukwiye gusubira inyuma. Inzira nigikoresho, ntabwo ari idini. Ubwiza bwabwo buri ahantu heza haryoshye: gufata ibice byinshi byimashini no kubihuza mubice bimwe, byangiritse, byiteguye-gukoresha-icyuma gisohoka mu itanura risa nkaho ryakuze, ridakozwe. Iyo ikora, ni injeniyeri nziza. Iyo ihatiwe, nikibazo gihenze gusa.
