Iyo wunvise 'powder metallurgie yinganda', ibitekerezo byinshi birahita bisimbukira mubikorwa bya kanda-na-sinter yo gukora ibikoresho byoroshye cyangwa ibihuru. Ngiyo aho winjirira, byanze bikunze, ariko ni nkaho kuvuga chef azi guteka amazi gusa. Ubujyakuzimu nyabwo - n'aho kubabara umutwe no gutera intambwe bibera - biri mumurongo wuzuye: uhereye kumahitamo ya porojeri ya aliyumu hamwe nubuhanga buhanitse bwo guteranya ibyuma nko gutera inshinge (MIM) cyangwa gukonjesha isostatike ikonje (CIP), kugeza mubikorwa bikomeye bya kabiri. Ibibazo byinshi byo gushakisha bibura ibi. Bashaka 'ifu ya metallurgie igice' ariko ntibagaragaza ubucucike bukenewe, kwihanganira nyuma yo gucumura, cyangwa niba bikeneye kuvurwa ubushyuhe cyangwa gutwita. Aho niho imishinga ihagarara cyangwa ikananirwa. Nabibonye kenshi.
Amavuta ya Alloy Maze
Bitangirana nifu. Ifu yicyuma ntabwo yaremewe kimwe. Amazi-atomize na gaze-atomize iguha imiterere itandukanye yimiterere nibiranga imigezi, bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye uburyo ifu yuzuza ipfa nimbaraga zayo zanyuma. Kubice bikora cyane, nkibikeneye kwihanganira umunaniro, urareba ifu yabanje kuvangwa-ibintu nka diffuzion-ihuza Fe-Ni-Mo cyangwa amanota menshi yicyuma. Gusimbuka ibiciro ni ngombwa, kandi sibyose ifu ya metallurgie ibika ibintu byinshi. Bashobora kubika F-0008 isanzwe ariko bagomba gutumiza ikindi kintu icyo aricyo cyose, bakongeraho ibyumweru kugirango bayobore igihe.
Noneho hariho binder. Kuri MIM, ni ibintu bitangaje kuri geometrike igoye, sisitemu ya binder ni kimwe cya kabiri cyintambara. Gutanga inguzanyo ni inzira itinze, yoroshye; byihute ukabona gucamo cyangwa kugoreka. Ndibuka umushinga wibikoresho byo kubaga aho umukiriya yashimangiye cyane cyane gucumura kugirango akoreshe igihe. Igisubizo? Ibirimo bya karubone byari byazimye, biganisha kuri brittleness. Tugomba gusubira inyuma, guhindura imikorere ya binder, no gutinda byose. Ifu ya resept niyiyemeza, ntabwo arikintu wasimbuye byoroshye.
Aha niho kugira umufatanyabikorwa ufite uburambe bwagutse bwibintu bitanga umusaruro. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), nkurugero, biva mumurongo wimbitse muguterera udasanzwe. Ubwo bumenyi bwa metallurgical ntibucika gusa iyo urebye ifu. Gusobanukirwa uburyo nikel ishingiye kuri nikel yitwara munsi yubushyuhe, kurugero, birashobora kwimurwa muburyo bwo kubicumura muburyo bwifu. Iramenyesha uburyo bwabo bwo kugenzura itanura ryikirere nigipimo cyo gukonjesha, aribyo gukora-cyangwa kumena kubintu byanyuma.
Guhuza: Ntabwo ari Inyundo nini gusa
Gukanda bisanzwe ni ubuhanzi bwonyine. Ibice byinshi-urwego, abafite urukuta ruto cyangwa impinduka zikomeye mubyimbye, azwiho gutandukana kwinshi. Urashobora kwikuramo hamwe na spacer nkeya, ariko kubintu byose byubatswe, iryo tandukaniro ni ingingo idakomeye. Igishushanyo mbonera hano ni byose - uko bikurikirana, sisitemu yo kugaburira ifu. Nibyiza ifu ya metallurgie Gukoresha Ibigereranyo Kuri Moderi yerekana ifu no guhuza mbere yo guca igikoresho cya mbere. Abahendutse barakeka, kandi urayishyura mugice-ku-gice kidahuye.
Kubindi bisobanuro bigoye, wimuka urenze gukanda. CIP. Ubucuruzi? Imiterere yambere ntisobanutse neza, ubwo rero wiyemeje gukora imashini nini nyuma yo gucumura. MIM, nkuko byavuzwe, niyindi nyamaswa rwose. Nukubumbabumbwa kwa plastike ariko hamwe nifu yicyuma ihagarikwa muri binder. Ibisobanuro birambuye ntibisanzwe, ariko kugabanuka kurwego mugihe cyo gucumura ni binini kandi bigomba guhanurwa neza. Igenzura ryawe ryambere ni igihe cyigihe.
Nakoranye numukiriya munzu ya sensor ifite imiyoboro yimbere. Gukora byari inzozi mbi no gukina ntibishobora kugera hejuru yubuso. MIM yari igisubizo cyiza. Twashushanyijeho uburyo butatu bwo gucumura kugirango turwanye intambara, kandi umusaruro wanyuma uracyagera kuri 85% gusa kumusaruro wambere. Ntabwo aribwo buryo bwo gukora ibintu byinshi; ni inzira yo hejuru-agaciro, ibice bigoye aho igiciro-kuri buri gice kigereranya imbaraga ziterambere.
Gukora-cyangwa-Kumena: Gucumura no Kurenga
Gucumura niho ubumaji bubera - kandi aho ibiza byinshi bibera. Ntabwo ari uguteka gusa. Nuburyo bwitondewe bwa koreografiya yubushyuhe mukirere runaka (hydrogen, azote, vacuum, cyangwa imvange). Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, igipimo cyikigereranyo, ibihe byo gushiramo, hamwe n umuvuduko wo gukonja byose bigena microstructure yanyuma, ubucucike, hamwe nubukanishi. Kubara nabi bishobora gutera kubyimba, kugabanuka, cyangwa guhuza bidahagije hagati yuduce.
Nyuma yo gucumura, igice nticyarangiye. Benshi bakeka ko igice cyacumuye cyiteguye kohereza. Kubice byuzuye, hafi ya byose. Burigihe ukeneye ibikorwa bya kabiri. Aka ni agace gakomeye. A. ifu ya metallurgie ibyo gusa gukanda no gucumura birashobora kukwohereza igice cyacumuye mubuhanga ariko kidakoreshwa kuko ntigishobora gufatwa mugukora. Niyo mpamvu icyitegererezo kuri QSY gishimishije. Intego yabo iri Imashini ya CNC no gushora imari. Kuri bo, kongeramo ifu metallurgie ntabwo ari ugukora icyatsi gusa; nibijyanye no gutanga ibyarangiye, byiteguye-gushiraho ibice. Bashobora gucumura hafi-net-hanyuma hanyuma bagakoresha ubushobozi bwabo murugo CNC kugirango bakubite kwihanganira cyane kumurambararo wa bore cyangwa ibiranga urudodo, ikintu iduka ryumukino wa PM rishobora kuba ryohereza hanze.
Kuvura ubushyuhe, gutwikira hejuru (nko kuvura amavuta yo kurwanya ruswa), cyangwa kwinjiza amavuta yo kwisiga ni izindi ntambwe zisanzwe zisanzwe. Buriwese wongeyeho ikiguzi nigihe, ariko kubisiba ukurikije igiciro cyambere nubukungu bwibinyoma busanzwe. Nabonye ibikoresho bya classe binanirwa mugupima umurima kuko byerekanwe nkicyaha mugihe bakeneye ubuvuzi bukomeye.
Ibikoresho byambukiranya hamwe nibikorwa bifatika
Ibi bigera kumurongo mugari kubyerekeye ubuhanga hamwe no kwishyira hamwe. Inzu gakondo ya PM ni inzobere. Ariko kubaguzi, cyane cyane ibijyanye na alloys, hari agaciro gakomeye mubakora bumva metallurgie mubikorwa. Fata urutonde rwa cobalt cyangwa nikel rushingiye kuri lisiti QSY. Ibi birakomeye, akenshi bihenze bikoreshwa mubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa ibidukikije byangirika. Kubikora ukoresheje ifu ya metallurgie irashobora kuzigama ibintu byinshi ugereranije no gutunganya ibigega. Ariko kubitunganya biragoye. Ubunararibonye bwabo mu ishoramari batera ayo mavuta bivuze ko basanzwe bazi kubyitwaramo mumashanyarazi cyangwa igice cyashongeshejwe; ubwo bushishozi busobanura gucunga ubushyuhe no gukumira umwanda mu itanura.
Iragira kandi ingaruka ku kugenzura ubuziranenge. Bashobora kuba bareba ubwoko bumwe bwinenge zishobora kubaho: porosity, inclusitions, ingano ingano idasanzwe. Uburyo bwabo bwa NDT (ibizamini bidasenya) birashobora gutezwa imbere kuko gukina mubisanzwe birabisaba. Ubu bumenyi bwambukiranya umutungo ni umutungo ugaragara iduka rishya, rimwe-rimwe rya PM ritazagira.
Uhereye ku micungire yimishinga, yoroshya ibintu. Aho guhuza hagati yumucuruzi wa PM, umukanishi, nu muti wubushyuhe, ufite ingingo imwe yo guhuza imiyoborere yose. Ibyago byo gutunga urutoki mugihe kwihanganira kubura nyuma yimashini irashira. Gutanga ibitekerezo hagati yitsinda ryicyaha nitsinda ryimashini birahita kuko biri munzu imwe.
Isoko Ifatika hamwe nibitekerezo byanyuma
Noneho, mugihe urimo gusuzuma ifu ya metallurgie, ntugasabe gusa agatabo k'ubushobozi. Baza ibyiciro byabo byifu ya poro nigihe cyo kuyobora kubidasanzwe. Baza kubona ingero z'ibice bakoze bisaba gutunganya icyiciro cya kabiri nuburyo zibahuza. Baza ibijyanye n'ikirere gisanzwe cyo gucumura no kugenzura ubushyuhe neza. Baza kubyerekeye umushinga watsinzwe nicyo babyigiyeho. Ibisubizo bizakubwira ibirenze urutonde rwibinyamakuru.
Umwanya ntabwo uhagaze. Hariho kwiyongera kwinganda ziyongera hamwe nifu yicyuma, mubyukuri ni ifu ya metallurgie gusa na laser. Imirongo irimo urujijo. Uruganda rwatsimbaraye mu myaka ya za 90 itangazamakuru-na-sinter imitekerereze izahangana nigihe kizaza, gifite agaciro gakomeye.
Mu kurangiza, iramanuka kuriyi: ifu ya metallurgie nuburyo bwo kurangiza. Iherezo nikintu gikora, cyizewe cyicyuma. Abahinguzi beza bumva urugendo rwose kuva ifu kugeza igice cyarangiye, kandi bafite ubuhanga bwunganira-nka Imashini ya CNC n'ubuhanga buvanze bugaragara kuri firime nka QSY - kugirango urugendo rurangire neza. Nibwo buryo bwuzuye, burenze igikoresho kimwe, gitandukanya abahatana nyabo n'amaduka y'ibanze y'akazi.
