Xa abantu abaninzi besiva ‘iinxalenye zentsimbi,’ bafanekisela amaqhuma anzima, arhabaxa, nathanda umhlwa. Leyo yeyona mbono iphosakeleyo. Ngokwenyani, isiseko sanamhlanje kunye nezenzo zobuchwephesha ziguqule intsimbi etyhidiweyo ibe yinto echaneke ngokumangalisayo kunye nokuthembeka. Isitshixo asikokuphosa nje; luhambo lonke ukusuka kumngundo ukuya kugqitywa, icandelo lomatshini. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi zisilela ngenxa yokuba umntu ufumene ukuphoswa ngexabiso eliphantsi ngaphandle kokuqonda indima ebalulekileyo yamazinga okupholisa alawulwayo, i-alloying efanelekileyo, kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukwenziwa komatshini emva kokuphola. Ngumsebenzi wokugqiba ovula amandla okwenyani esixhobo-ukungcangcazela kwayo, ukuxhathisa kwayo, ukuzinza kwayo. Makhe sithethe malunga nokuba le nkqubo ibonakala njani na emgangathweni.
Isiseko: Iqala (kwaye inokuphela) kunye neMold
Awukwazi ukwenza umatshini kude nokuphosa kakubi. Ewe, ungazama, kodwa uya kutshisa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ukhetho lwenkqubo yokubumba lulawula yonke into. Kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo, ezinodonga olucekethekileyo kumabakala aphezulu entsimbi edityanisiweyo, sisoloko sijonge ngakuwo iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa. Ukuchaneka komda kwisanti egqunywe ngentlaka iphezulu kunesanti eluhlaza yemveli, inika oomatshini be-CNC ithuba lokulwa. Ukugqitywa komphezulu ophuma kwi-mold kucocekile, okunciphisa enye yeendleko ezinkulu ezifihliweyo: ukucoca kwangaphambili. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yezindlu zempompo apho umxhasi wanyanzelisa ukhetho lwesanti eluhlaza ngexabiso eliphantsi. Isibane somgca wokwahlulayo sasinzima kakhulu kwaye asiqhelekanga kangangokuba kuthathe phantse i-30% ixesha elide ukulungisa kunye nokujongana nendawo nganye phambi kokuba siqalise ii-ops zokwenyani zomatshini. Olo gcino lwathi shwaka ngoko nangoko.
Kwezona jiometri zintsonkothileyo-cinga itshaneli zangaphakathi, ii-undercuts, okanye iimpawu ezingenakwenzeka ukuba zenziwe ngomatshini-utyalo mali kukuya-kuya, nakwiintsimbi ezithile ezidibeneyo. Inkqubo yepateni ye-wax ivumela ukuba ubunzima. Kodwa nantsi into yokubamba ngentsimbi: ubushushu bayo bokuthulula kunye nokuncipha. Ukuba isango lokungena kunye nenkqubo yokunyuka ayilwanga ngumntu oyiqondayo indlela yokuqina kwentsimbi, uya kufumana ukushwabana kwe-porosity kanye eludongeni olubalulekileyo. Loo nxalenye sisilaphu. Akukho bungakanani bomatshini oza kulungisa isithuba ngaphakathi kweflange ethwele umthwalo. Sisifundo esifunyenwe kwiprototype engaphumeleliyo yomzimba wevalvu yoxinzelelo loxinzelelo olukhulu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.
Kulapho amava e-Foundry engenakuxoxisana. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), kunye namashumi eminyaka yabo ekubunjweni, baqonda ngokungaphakathi oku. Umsebenzi wabo wexesha elide ucebisa ukuba bajonge le migibe ikhethekileyo kumawakawaka eebhetshi. Abenzi nje ukubumba; balawula isinyithi. Kuba iinxalenye zentsimbi, oko kuthetha ukulawula umxholo wekhabhoni kunye nefom ethathayo-i-flake graphite yokumanzisa, i-nodular graphite ukuze ibe namandla. Ukufumana oko kungalunganga kwinqanaba lokunyibilika kwenza ukuba inxalenye ingabi namsebenzi kumsebenzi ocetywayo, nokuba umhle kangakanani umsebenzi we-CNC kamva.
Umatshini: Apho iCandelo livela khona
Eli lihlabathi lam. Ukuphosa okukrwada kuyafika, kwaye yilaphu engenanto enezigcayiseli ezifihliweyo. Inyathelo lokuqala lidla ngokuthomalalisa uxinezeleko. I-Castings inoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Ukuba umatshini wecala elinye lisicaba kwaye linzima, ukhulula ezo xinzelelo kwaye inxalenye inokujika ngobusuku. Sifunde ukwakha kumjikelo oshushu wezinto ezichanekileyo ezifana nezo zokulungelelanisa iziseko zoomatshini bokulinganisa. Yeqa, kwaye ukunyamezela ukunyanzeliswa kuphelile.
Emva koko kuza ukulungiswa. Ii-castings azifani. Awunayo ibhilethi entle, egayiweyo onokuthi uyibambe. Kuya kufuneka ufune ngamanye amaxesha izinto ezingahambelaniyo zedatum ukusuka kubumba. Sisebenzisa imihlathi ethambileyo eyenziwe ngoomatshini kwicontour yendawo ethile yokuphosa njengokuphosa. Luseto oludla ixesha, kodwa kuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba isisikelo sakho sokuqala sibhekiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwijiyometri yenxalenye yendalo. Ukuba idatha yakho icinyiwe ngesiqingatha semilimitha apha, loo mpazamo iyanda ngomsebenzi ngamnye olandelayo.
Ukusikwa ngokwawo ngumdaniso onama-abrasiveness. Igraphite kwintsimbi sisithambiso, kodwa imathiriyeli iyonke yomelele kwizixhobo. Ukufakwa kwe-Carbide kunye nesambatho esifanelekileyo kunye nokusekwa okuqinileyo kunyanzelekile. Isipholisi sibalulekile hayi nje ekupholiseni, kodwa ekugungxuleni ii-micro-chips ezirhabaxa ezinokuphinda zisike into efakiweyo okanye indawo engaphezulu. Injongo yi-chip ecocekileyo, eqhubekayo. Ukuba ufumana uthuli okanye iitshiphusi ezicandiweyo, ubulala isixhobo sakho kwaye usebenze-wenza lukhuni umphezulu, okwenza ukuba ukupasa okulandelayo kube nzima ngakumbi. Ukugqiba ukudlula kwindawo yokutywina ye-ductile iron compressor part, le yinto yonke. Ukunyaniseka komphezulu kubaluleke njengomlinganiselo.
I-Material Matrix: Ayiyiyo yonke i-Iron eGrey kunye neChunky
Ukuchaza intsimbi kufana nentsimbi ecacileyo—ayinantsingiselo. I-iron engwevu (i-iron eGrey) ilungele ukumanzisa kwaye kulula ukuyitshintsha. I-Ductile iron (i-Nodular iron) inamandla okuqina okusondela kwintsimbi, esetyenziselwa i-crankshafts kunye nezixhobo eziphezulu zoxinzelelo. Emva koko uneayini ezidityanisiweyo ezingaqhelekanga, njenge-Ni-Resist yokumelana nokubola. Oomatshini ngamnye ngokwahlukileyo.
Sasebenza kwiprojekthi efuna iinxalenye zenkqubo yokukhupha igesi enobushushu obuphezulu. I-spec ibize i-nickel-chromium alloyed ductile iron. Iiparamitha zomatshini ezivela kwiinkqubo zethu eziqhelekileyo zentsimbi ye-ductile zacinywa ngokupheleleyo. Umsebenzi wezinto eziphathekayo unzima ngokukhawuleza. Kuye kwafuneka ukuba sicothoze isantya, sonyuse ukondla kancinane ukuze singene phantsi komgangatho owenziwe lukhuni, kwaye sisebenzise ijiyometri eyoyikekayo yokufaka. Ibiyimpazamo kwiziqwenga ezimbalwa zokuqala, isitya isibini sezinto ezibiza imali eninzi phambi kokuba siyifowunele. Apha kulapho ubuchule bomthengisi bubalulekile. Ukuba i-Foundry yabo inokusingatha ialloys ezikhethekileyo njenge-nickel-based okanye esekwe kwi-cobalt, njengoko umda we-QSY ubonisa, icandelo labo lomatshini linokuba nedatha esebenzayo yokuphatha okuhambelanayo. iinxalenye zentsimbi yenziwe ngezo ngxubevange. Oko kuqhubeka ukusuka kwinyibilika ukuya kwi-mill kuyinzuzo enkulu.
Ukuxuba imathiriyeli yenye inyani. Kuqhelekile ukuba nendlu yentsimbi etyhidiweyo ekufuneka idibane neeshafti zentsimbi engatyiwayo okanye ibronze bushings icinezelwe. Isilinganisi socinezelo esibalelwe intsimbi-entsimbini sinokukhululeka kakhulu okanye siqine ngendlela eyingozi kwi-iron-on-bronze. Sakhe saba nokuphazamiseka okusebenzayo okusebenzayo ngokugqibeleleyo kwi-20 ° C kodwa sabamba ngokuqinileyo xa indibano ifikelela kwiqondo lobushushu lokusebenza kuba asiyinanzanga le nto. Ngoku, luvavanyo olusemgangathweni kuphononongo lomzobo.
Umgangatho: Iinkcukacha zeGritty ongenakuzihoya
Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kubamba iintanda ezicacileyo okanye ukuvala okubandayo. Kodwa ezona zoyikiso zingaphantsi komhlaba. Sisebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic kumacandelo abalulekileyo ukufumana i-shrinkage okanye i-porosity yegesi. Ukuhlolwa kwamasuntswana emagnethi kusemgangathweni wokuqhekeka komphezulu kwizixhobo ze-ferrous ezifana iinxalenye zentsimbi. Oku akunyanzelekanga kumacandelo abalulekileyo kukhuseleko. Umxhasi wake wasicela ukuba sitsibe i-NDT ukuze songe iindleko kunye nexesha kwibhetshi yezibiyeli zebrake caliper. Salile. Ityala alilifanelanga. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, inxalenye yomntu okhuphisana nayo yasilela ekudityanisweni kwesanti engakhange ibonwe, kwaye isimangalo esaphumela ekubeni sabhanga. Ukuba neenkani kwethu kwasisindisa.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dimensional post-machining ngomnye umaleko. I-CMM ifanelekile, kodwa kwimveliso ephezulu, iigeji ezisebenzayo ezenzelwe ukunyamezela okuphambili zikhawuleza. Umceli mngeni wokusaswa kukuba awujongi nje iimpawu zoomatshini; uyaqinisekisa kwakhona ukuba iimpawu ze-as-cast (ongazange uzenze umatshini) zingaphakathi kwemvulophu yokunyamezela umzobo. Ngamanye amaxesha, into eyenziwe ngoomatshini ngokugqibeleleyo yenziwa ingabinamsebenzi ngenxa yokuba umphathi ongafakwanga ngomatshini akayindawo.
Ekugqibeleni, unyango olungaphezulu. Amalungu amaninzi entsimbi afumana i-phosphating okanye i-oksidi emnyama yokugquma ukuxhathisa umhlwa. Inkqubo yomatshini iyakuchaphazela oku. Ukuba ushiya indawo egxininiswe kakhulu, esebenza nzima ukusuka kumatshini onobunkunkqele, ukunamathela kwengubo kunokusilela. Ukupasa kokugqiba kufuneka kushiye indawo ecocekileyo, ephantsi koxinzelelo. Yinkqubo epheleleyo apho inyathelo ngalinye lazisa elilandelayo.
UMboneleli oDityanisiweyo: Kutheni iNkqubo epheleleyo ibalulekile
Oku kundizisa kuqwalaselo olubonakalayo. Ezona projekthi zingenamthungo endiziphetheyo bezikunye nababoneleli abalawula zombini ukuphosa kunye ne CNC Machining. Xa i-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini iphantsi kophahla olunye, okanye ubuncinci kunxibelelwano oluluqilima njengomenzi odibeneyo, iingxaki zisonjululwa ngokukhawuleza. Oomatshini banokondla umva kwisiseko: Lo mgca wokuqhawula ubangela imiba yokulungisa, okanye Ngaba sinokongeza i-machining pad encinci kulo mphezulu kwidatum engcono? I-Foundry inokulungelelanisa uyilo lokubumba okanye i-gating yebhetshi elandelayo.
Ukujonga iprofayile yenkampani efana QSYngumnikelo wazo zombini iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa, utyalo mali, kwaye izele CNC Machining phantsi kwendawo enye kubalulekile. Kwinjineli ekhangela umzimba wevalve yentsimbi entsonkothileyo, ithetha inqaku elinye loxanduva. Iqela labasunguli liyazi ukuba inxalenye iya kwenziwa ngoomatshini, ngoko ke banokushiya isitokhwe esongezelelweyo kwindawo enenkohliso. Iqela lomatshini linokufikelela ngokuthe ngqo kubafana abenze ukuphosa ukuba bafumana ukungahambelani. Le ngxelo ivaliweyo ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni okuqhubekayo kwaye, ngokunyanisekileyo, ekuthinteleni iintlekele. Ijika intengiselwano ibe yintsebenziswano.
Ekugqibeleni, inokuthenjwa iinxalenye zentsimbi asiyompahla yorhwebo. Ziyimveliso yoluhlu olungenamava, olunamava lwezigqibo ukusuka kukhetho lwealloyi ukuya kuyilo lokubumba ukuya kwiqhinga lomatshini. Umahluko phakathi kwenxalenye engaphumeleliyo ebaleni kunye nehlala amashumi eminyaka idla ngokufihlwa kule gritty, iinkcukacha zomgangatho wevenkile ezingazange zifikelele kwincwadana ecwebezelayo. Kumalunga nokuhlonipha umlingiswa wezinto kunye nokulawula uhambo lwayo lonke, kungekhona nje ukuthenga i-chunk yentsimbi kunye nokusika.
