Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'i-precision casting,' bakhawuleza bacinge ngezinto ezingenasiphako, ezimile okwenetha ziphuma ngqo kumngundo. Leyo yeyona nto ilungileyo yokuthengisa, kodwa eyona nyani kumgangatho wevenkile luthethathethwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kokuziphatha kwezinto, ijometri, kunye neendleko. Eli gama ngokwalo lihlanganisa iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye umngxunya oqhelekileyo woshishino uzithatha njengezinokutshintshwa. Ndibone iiprojekthi zisihla ngenxa yokuba umntu othile wachaza 'ukwenziwa okuchanekileyo' ngokubanzi ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuba ngaba bafuna ngokwenene ukunyaniseka komgangatho we utyalo mali ngenxa yeblade ye turbine okanye ukuba yenziwe kakuhle iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa inokusingatha indlu yempompo eyinkimbinkimbi kwiqhezu lexesha kunye neendleko. Ukuchaneka akukho nje egameni; ikwinkqubo yolawulo kwinqanaba ngalinye, ukusuka kwipatheni yokuqala yewax ukuya kunyango lokugqibela lobushushu.
Ulwahlulo olungundoqo: Utyalo-mali ngokuchasene ne-Shell Mold
Makhe sicacise. Kumava am, ukhetho phakathi kwezi zimbini yifolokhwe yokuqala enkulu endleleni. Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali, inkqubo yewax elahlekileyo, kukuhamba-kuya kubunzima obugqithisileyo kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu. Cinga amacandelo e-aerospace kunye neetshaneli zokupholisa zangaphakathi ezingenakwenzeka ukuba zenziwe ngomatshini. Kodwa nantsi into yokubambisa okusebenzayo: yonke ipateni ye-wax inikelwa. Kwibhetshi encinci yamacandelo amakhulu, ixabiso lepatheni yodwa linokuba libi kakhulu. Ndikhumbula iprototype ebaleka umzimba wevalve yaselwandle apho umxhasi wothuswa kucaphulo lwezixhobo zewax. Kwafuneka sihambe nabo kwizibalo-yavakala intsingiselo yevolumu yabo eqikelelweyo.
Kwelinye icala, iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa isebenzisa ipateni ephinda isetyenziswe, ngokuqhelekileyo isinyithi. Ukuchaneka kusezantsi kunotyalo-mali, kodwa kwizicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso, kungaphezulu kunokwanela. Inzuzo yokwenyani lizinga. Unokuvelisa amakhulu okubumba ngosuku xa iphethini ifakwe kwipleyiti. Ndisebenze neevenkile ezifana neQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) kwiiprojekthi ezinjalo. Ngeminyaka yabo engama-30 ekujuleni nasekusebenzeni, baye bafunda ubugcisa bokutyhala unyamezelo lokungunda kweqokobhe, bahlala befikelela kwimilo ekufutshane nenetha kumacandelo afana ne-hydraulic manifolds, abathi emva koko baye ngqo kwii-CNC bays zabo ukuze bagqibezele. Kuko oku kudityaniswa okwenza umahluko.
Ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo lunzima ngakumbi isigqibo. Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali iphatha ezo superalloys ezinobuqhophololo-zisekelwe kwi-nickel, i-cobalt-based-ngcono kuba iqokobhe le-ceramic linokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu okugalela kwaye ukungunda awazisi ukufakwa okunxulumene nesanti. Kwinxalenye yokulungisa ukutya kwentsimbi engatyiwa, iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa nesanti eqatywe intlaka isenokucoceka ngokugqibeleleyo. Ndifunde oku ngokusilela: sake sazama ukuphosa inxalenye ye-17-4 PH engenasici sisebenzisa inkqubo yeqokobhe elungiselelwe intsimbi yekhabhoni. Isango lokungena lalingalunganga ngenxa yokungabi namanzi, kwaye sagqiba ekubeni sibe neengxabano. Kwafuneka ukutshintshela kutyalo-mali ukuze i-alloy ilunge.
UMtyholi kwiiNkcukacha zangaphambi kweMveliso
Kulapho 'ukuchaneka' kufunyanwa ngokwenene, kudala phambi kokuba kugalelwe isinyithi. Iqala ngepateni. Utyalo-mali, i-wax injection parameters-iqondo lokushisa, uxinzelelo, ixesha lokujikeleza-lichaza ukuzinza kokugqibela komlinganiselo. Uphawu lwe-sink encinci kwi-wax luba ngumba omkhulu wodonga kwintsimbi. Sichitha iintsuku sifanelekela ukubumba okutsha kwe-wax, ukulinganisa amanqaku okuqala ngee-CMM, kungekhona nje ii-calipers.
Ukubumba iqokobhe, yidrafti yepateni kunye nenkqubo yokwakha iqokobhe. Ipateni enedrafti enganelanga inokukhulula kwiqokobhe, kodwa ikrazula ubuso besanti, ikhokelela kwindawo erhabaxa. Inani leediphu zokugquma kunye nezicelo ze-stucco limisela ubukhulu beqokobhe kunye nokomelela. Ubhityile kakhulu, kwaye ubeka umngcipheko wokuqhekeka (ukuphazamiseka, ukungaphumeleli okuyingozi); ngqindilili kakhulu, kwaye ulahlekelwa yi-permeability, ekhokelela kwiziphene zegesi. Bubuchule obubambekayo—abasebenzi abanamava bayazi ukuba iqokobhe lilungile ngesandi elisenzayo xa licofa.
Isoftware yokulinganisa yi-godsend ngoku, kodwa ayisiyiyo i-oracle. Siyisebenzisela ukuqikelela iindawo ezishushu kunye nokuncipha, kodwa kusafuneka uqinisekise ngolingo lwehlabathi lokwenyani. Ndikhumbula ndilinganisa ukuzaliswa kwezindlu ezintsonkothileyo zealuminiyam. Isoftware ithe ilungile. Umboniso wokuqala waba nokuvalwa okubandayo. Ingxaki? Ukulinganisa kusetyenziswe amaxabiso afanelekileyo olwelo, kodwa ibhetshi yethu ethile yealloy yayinomxholo ophakamileyo wemagnesium, oguqule i-viscosity. Sihlengahlengise iqondo lobushushu lokugalela nge-15°C ngokusekwe kwi-hunch ye-Foundry foreman, kwaye yasebenza. Isifundo: Isoftware iyazisa, kodwa amava omntu kumxholo woqheliselo loncedo oluthile ahlala elungisa.
Isixhobo asiloKhetho lweGeneric
Ukuchaza insimbi engenasici ayinantsingiselo. Ngaba sithetha ngo-304 ngokuxhathisa i-corrosion jikelele, okanye i-316 yeendawo zekloridi? Okanye yi 17-4 PH yokuqina kwemvula? Ngamnye uziphatha ngokwahlukileyo ngexesha lokuqiniswa. I-alloys esekwe kwi-nickel, njenge-Inconel 718, zizilo zabo. Bathanda ulwahlulo kwaye bafuna amazinga okupholisa alawulwa ngokungqongqo emva kokuphosa. Ivenkile ethi nje iphose ii-superalloys isenokungabi nawo umoya we-oven olawulwayo okanye indlela yonyango lobushushu yokuhambisa inxalenye eneempawu zomatshini ezifunekayo.
Apha kulapho isakhono senkonzo epheleleyo yeqabane sibaluleke kakhulu. Inkampani efana ne-QSY, edwelisa ialloys ezikhethekileyo njenge-cobalt kunye ne-nickel-based in repertoire yabo, ayizinyibiliki nje. Bathetha ulawulo kuwo wonke umjikelo we-thermal. Ndikhe ndandwendwela amaziko aneendawo ezintle ze-Inconel, kuphela ukuba ziqhekeke ngexesha lonyango lwesisombululo kuba isantya sokunyuka sikhawuleza kakhulu. Ingqibelelo yenxalenye echanekileyo yokuphosa ilungile kuphela njengenyathelo layo lokugqibela lonyango lobushushu.
Kwintsimbi yentsimbi kunye ne-carbon steel, iinkxalabo zitshintshela ekubunjweni kwegraphite kunye nomxholo we-pearlite. Isenzo sokugonywa kwentsimbi, okanye i-aluminiyam yokubulala intsimbi, ziinkcukacha zenkqubo yemizuzu enefuthe elikhulu kubuchule kunye namandla okugqibela. Awunako nje ukuthenga isinyithi kwaye uyigalele; i-chemistry ilawulwa ngenkuthalo kwi-ladle. Eli licala elingenabugocigoci, elinobunkunkqele lokuchaneka elingaze liyenze incwadana.
Ukudityaniswa ne-CNC Machining: Ikhonkco elingaxoxiswanga
Zimbalwa kakhulu iicasta ezichanekileyo 'eziyimilo yomnatha' kuzo zonke iimpawu. Phantse kusoloko kukho ubuso bedatum, ibhore ebaluleke kakhulu, okanye izibuko elinemisonto efuna ukwenziwa ngoomatshini. I-synergy phakathi kwe-Foundry kunye nevenkile yomatshini ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba inkqubo yokuphosa ayilwanga ngomatshini engqondweni, udala amaphupha amabi.
Owona mba mkhulu yindawo engaguqukiyo yedatha kunye nesitokhwe somatshini esaneleyo. Isiseko esilungileyo siya kubonelela ngeethagethi zedatum okanye iipads 'zokuphoswa'. Enkulu, njengomsebenzi odibeneyo, iya kuba nabaprogram be-CNC babonisane ngexesha lesigaba soyilo lokubumba. Baya kuqinisekisa ukuba isango lokungena kunye nokunyuka akuphazamisi ukulungiswa kwindawo yokusila. Ndibone ukujula okuhle ngokugqibeleleyo kunikezelwe njengento engenamsebenzi kuba indawo ekuphela kwayo ethe tyaba yokucinezela yayikwayindawo yokunyuka okukhulu, kungashiyi ndawo icocekileyo ye-vise.
Ngaphaya koko, uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo olusuka kwinkqubo yokuphosa lunokwenza umonakalo ngexesha lomatshini. Inxalenye inokunyamezelwa kukusikwa kokuqala, emva koko i-wap ngokumangalisayo kwipasi yesibini njengoko uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luyakhululeka. Umboneleli odibeneyo owenza zombini ukuphosa kunye CNC Machining phantsi kophahla olunye, njengoko imodeli ye-QSY icebisa, inokulawula oku. Banokwenza i-anneal yokunciphisa uxinzelelo phakathi kokupasa kunye nokugqiba, into enzima kwaye ingumceli mngeni wezoqoqosho ukuba iindawo kufuneka zihambe ziye komnye umthengisi.
Iintsilelo Ngabona Bafundisi Basemagqabini
Awufundi ngokuchanekileyo kumabali okuphumelela. Ufunda kumgqomo wenkunkuma. Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wam, sasinothotho lwee-impellers zobhedu ezazihlala zibonisa i-porosity kwi-hub. Imiphezulu emihle, kodwa uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic aluphumelelanga. Sasigxeka isinyithi, iziko, ukuchithwa kwegesi. Emva kweeveki, umntu omdala waqaphela ukungahambelani okuncinci kwiiprinta ze-ceramic kwindibano yewax. Ibangele utshintsho olungaqondakaliyo kumbindi ngexesha lokwakhiwa kweqokobhe, idala umqobo ekuhambeni kwesinyithi okukhokelele kwi-microshrinkage. Ukulungiswa kwaba yi-0.5mm ngokutsha kwejometri yokuprinta. Ukupakishwa kokunyamezela ukusuka kwi-wax ukuya kwi-ceramic ukuya kwintsimbi ayixoleli.
Enye indlela yokusilela kweklasikhi kwi utyalo mali 'yimithanjana'—imigca emihle kumphezulu wokujula. Ibangelwa kukuqhekeka okushushu kweqokobhe leceramic. Ithuku lelokwenza iqokobhe libe lijiyile. Sizamile oko. Yenze imithambo ibe mandundu kuba iqokobhe elijiyileyo lidala uxinzelelo olukhulu lobushushu. Isisombululo ibikukuhlengahlengisa ukwakheka kodaka ukunyusa ukothuka kweqokobhe lobushushu kunye nokulawula umjikelo we-autoclave we-dewaxing ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi. Ngamanye amaxesha ukulungiswa kwe-counterintuitive kukulungele.
La mava abumba ugwebo lwengcali. Xa ndiphonononga umzobo wenxalenye entsha ngoku, iliso lam liya ngoko nangoko kuguquko olungqingqwa eludongeni, iindawo ezishushu ezinokubakho, kunye nokuba nokwenzeka kwenkxaso engundoqo. Yimvakalelo yamathumbu eyakhelwe kwiimpazamo zangaphambili. Leyo 'yichanekileyo' ongenakukwazi ukuyikhuphela kwincwadana yemigaqo; kukuqokelelwa, ngamanye amaxesha kubuhlungu, ukuqondwa kwepateni yeliso eliqhelileyo.
Ukukhangela Phambili: Apho Ukuchaneka Kokwenyani kusingise phi
Ikamva alikho nje malunga nokunyamezelana okungqongqo-limalunga nokuqikelelwa kwangaphambili kunye nesayensi yezinto eziphathekayo. Sibona imfuno eyongezelelekileyo yenkqubo yeminwe yedijithali. Ibhetshi nganye yamaqokobhe, lonke ubushushu bealloyi, yonke iparamitha yokugalela efakiweyo kwaye inxibelelene neziphumo zokugqibela ze-NDT. Le datha yigolide yokulawula umgangatho oqikelelweyo.
Ukuveliswa kwe-Hybrid nako kukufutshane. Ukusebenzisa ukuvelisa okongeziweyo (ushicilelo lwe-3D) ukwenza iimolds ze-ceramic ezithe ngqo okanye ii-cores zokuphosa utyalo-mali kuvumela iijometri ezingenakwenzeka ngezixhobo zemveli. Oku kwenza mnyama umgca phakathi kokusakha kunye noshicilelo. Umceli mngeni uya kuba kukufumana imfezeko yentsimbi efanayo kunye nokugqiba komphezulu njengokugalelwa kwesiqhelo, kodwa ukubanakho kwendawo enye, iindawo ezinzima kakhulu ziyamangalisa.
Ekugqibeleni, iinkqubo zokuphosa ezichanekileyo hlala usisiseko sokwenza itekhnoloji hayi ngenxa yokuba zikhazimle, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ziguquguquka kakhulu kwaye zineendleko zomthamo. Isakhono sokwenyani silele ekwazini ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo eyahlukayo ekufuneka isetyenziswe, indlela yokuyilawula ngeendlela zayo eziguquguqukayo, kunye nendlela yokuyidibanisa ngaphandle komthungo nemisebenzi yesibini. Ngumsebenzi wobugcisa kanye njengokuba iyinzululwazi, eyona ilungileyo ishiywe kwabo bachithe iminyaka bemamele isandi seqokobhe elisenzayo kwaye befunda iipateni kwintlenge. Ukuntywila nzulu kwizakhono ezithile ukusuka kwipatheni ukuya kwinxalenye egqityiweyo, ipotfoliyo kwingcali ekudala imile efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. inokunika umbono obambekayo wendlela le migaqo isetyenziswa ngayo kuzo zonke izinto ezivela kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuya kwi-nickel alloys.
