Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'inxalenye yentsimbi engenastainless,' baba nomfanekiso wento emenyezelayo, engangenwa ngumhlwa, kwaye ngokungafihlisiyo, intwana yegeneric. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Kwivenkile yethu, sisiqalo semibuzo engamakhulu. Leliphi ibakala? Kweyiphi imeko-bume? Lithini ixabiso lokwenyani lethegi 'yokwenza simahla'? Ndibone imizobo emininzi kakhulu 'engenasiphelo' kwaye isishiya sithelekelela, nto leyo esoloko ikhokelela kwiintloko ezibuhlungu-nokuba kumatshini okanye ebaleni. Ayikhe ibe yinto nje ephathekayo; kukuzibophelela kwiseti ethile yeepropati, kwaye ukufumana oko kungalunganga kuyabiza.
IBakala nguMfanekiso
Awukwazi ukuthetha nge inxalenye yentsimbi engenasici ngaphandle kokuntywila kumabanga ngoko nangoko. I-304 xa ithelekiswa ne-316 lidabi lakudala, kodwa lenziwe lula kakhulu. Senze ibhetshi yeenzwa zezindlu ukusuka kwi-304 kube kanye kwisicelo sonxweme. I-spec ithe 'i-corrosion resistant.' Kwaba njalo, malunga neenyanga ezisibhozo. Emva koko i-pitting yaqala. Umthengi wayenomsindo, kodwa i-spec yayingacacanga. Bekufanele ukuba sityhale umva, sicebise nge-316L yokuvezwa kwekloridi. Ngoku sicela iphepha lokusingqongileyo ngaphambili. Akukho nzima; imalunga nokwenza inxalenye isinde emsebenzini wayo.
Ke kukho intsomi machinability. I-303 ibizwa ngokuba 'yi-free-machining' ngesizathu, kodwa iza norhwebo. Ukumelana nomhlwa akulunganga njenge-304, kwaye kwiindawo ezifuna i-welding, lukhetho olubi. Siyisebenzisela ivolumu ephezulu, enzima inxalenye yentsimbi engenasici iqhuba apho yonke yesibini kwi-CNC ibala, kodwa kuphela emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho welding okanye i-exposure enzima yeekhemikhali efunekayo. Sisenzo solungelelwaniso phakathi kokusebenza kakuhle kwevenkile kunye nenxalenye yokusebenza.
Ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye iindima zobushushu obuphezulu, singena kwi-series ye-400 okanye imvula-enzima amabakala afana ne-17-4PH. Ngumdlalo owahluke ngokupheleleyo lowo. Umjikelo wonyango lobushushu ubalulekile. Sakhe saba nebhetshi yeengalo ze-actuator ze-17-4PH ziphume zinobulukhuni obungahambelaniyo kuba i-oveni yomthengisi yonyango yayinendawo ebandayo. Amalungu aphumelele uhlolo oluqhelekileyo kodwa aluphumelelanga kuvavanyo lokudinwa. Sifunda ntoni? Ukulawula yonke inkqubo yetsheyini, okanye ukusebenza kunye namaqabane akwenzayo, akunakuxoxisana kumacandelo abalulekileyo.
Apho ukuCasa kuhlangana khona noMatshini
Apha kulapho iinkampani ezinamava nzulu Foundry, ezifana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), yiba nomphetho owahlukileyo. Ayizizo zonke inxalenye yentsimbi engenasici iqala njengebhloko eqinileyo kwibhedi ye-CNC. Kwiijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo, ngakumbi ezo zineepaseji zangaphakathi okanye iimilo zendalo, ukungunda kweqokobhe okanye ukuphosa utyalo-mali kuhlala kukrelekrele. Ufumana kufutshane ne-net-shape, okuthetha inkcitho encinci yempahla kunye nexesha elincinci kakhulu lomatshini. Iminyaka yabo engamashumi amathathu yokuphosa ithetha ukuba bayayiqonda indlela yokuyila ukungunda ukunciphisa i-shrinkage porosity kwi-stainless-isiphene esiqhelekileyo esibonakala kuphela ngexesha lokugqibela lomatshini okanye uvavanyo loxinzelelo.
I-handoff ukusuka ekujuleni ukuya kumatshini ngumzuzu wokwenza okanye wokuqhawula. Ukuphosa kubonelela ngefomu erhabaxa, kodwa umatshini weCNC unikezela ngokuchanekileyo. Cinga ngemizimba yevalvu okanye i-impellers. Inxalenye ephosiweyo inomzila osisiseko wokuqukuqela; umsebenzi we-CNC udala iindawo zokutywina, imingxuma yebholiti, kunye nojongano oluqinileyo. Ukuba iinkqubo ezimbini ziphantsi kophahla olunye, njengakwi-QSY, oomatshini banokuphendula kwiqela le-Foundry ngoko nangoko. Eli bhetshi lisebenza ngamandla kwizixhobo, ngaba sinokuhlengahlengisa i-annealing? Oko kudityaniswa kuthintela izinto ezininzi ezichithwayo kunye nexesha.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yokulungisa ukutya okuninzi. Umxhasi wayefuna inxalenye enye ye-316L enezibuko ezininzi ezidibeneyo. Ukuyigaya ukusuka kwisiqina bekuya kuba yinkcitho engama-80%. Sisebenze neqela labo kwindlela yotyalo-mali. Iprototype yokuqala yayine-warpage encinci, iphosa ulungelelwaniso lwezibuko. Ngenxa yokuba iqela lomatshini lalikwi-loop efanayo, balulungisile uyilo lwe-fixture ukuze baphendule nge-warpage kumdlalo wokusa, ukugcina ibhetshi. Yayisisisombululo esivela kuphela ekudibaneni ngokuthe nkqo.
UMtyholi kwiinkcukacha Machining
Machining stainless akufani machining intsimbi ethambileyo. Isebenza-nzima. Hamba ngokucotha kakhulu ngesixhobo esiluthuntu, kwaye ngokusisiseko udala indawo eqinileyo eya kutshabalalisa isixhobo sakho sokudlula. Ukutya kunye neetshathi zesantya zisisikhokelo, hayi ibhayibhile. Ukukhetha okupholileyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Singqiyame kwi-high-lubricity synthetic coolants for stainless. Injongo kukugcina i-cut cut ipholile kwaye ikhuphe iitshiphusi ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela ukuwelda kwakhona kwi-workpiece.
Ijiyometri yesixhobo ibalulekile. Iharika elungileyo, ungqameko olubukhali, kunye nekhabhide egqunyiweyo zisemgangathweni kuthi. Kodwa kwimingxuma enzulu okanye ukusikeka okuphazamisekileyo kwi- inxalenye yentsimbi engenasici, ungadinga isixhobo esomeleleyo esine-substrate eyomeleleyo. Luvavanyo oluqhubekayo. Sinedrowa yezixhobo ezizanyiweyo nezingaphumeleliyo zemisebenzi ethile engenabala. Loo drowa ixabiseke ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na incwadi.
Emva koko kukho uxinzelelo. Umatshini onzima unokubangela uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo, olukhokelela ekugqwetheni kamva, ngakumbi kumacandelo anodonga olucekethekileyo. Silandelelanisa imisebenzi ukuzama ukulinganisa olu xinzelelo. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-roughing pass, i-anneal yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, emva koko ukugqiba kuphela kwendlela yokubamba ukunyamezela. Iyacotha, kodwa ichanekile. Ukutsiba elo nyathelo ngesiqinisekiso sokujika ngokukhawuleza kuthetha ukuba uya kuphinda wenze inxalenye xa ijika kumgca wendibano yomthengi.
Ukungaphumeleli yiNdawo yeDatha
Wonke umntu unamabali emfazwe. Omnye wethu ubandakanya uthotho lweeflange zekhemikhali skid. Zazihonjiswe kakuhle zisuka kwisitokhwe sebha ye-316L, zaluphumelela lonke uhlolo lwethu. Kwinyanga emva kofakelo, safumana umnxeba: iinwele ziqhekeka kufuphi nemingxuma yebholithi. Uhlalutyo lokungaphumeleli lubhekiselele kwi-chloride yoxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking. Imekobume yayinomkhondo wekloridi kubushushu obuphezulu, isaqhwithi esigqibeleleyo. Isixhobo sasichanekile ngokobuchwephesha, kodwa uyilo lwenxalenye lwalunoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwendawo. Ulungiso lwaluyi-redesign yokunciphisa ukunyuka koxinzelelo kunye nokutshintshwa kwi-duplex ephezulu ye-stainless yelo batch. Yayisisifundo esikhohlakeleyo kwindlela yokucinga-izinto eziphathekayo, uyilo, kunye nommandla wenkonzo yinkqubo enye.
Omnye amava okufunda yaba kukugqiba umphezulu. Umxhasi udinga iidayamitha zangaphakathi ezigudileyo kakhulu kwisicelo sococeko. Sifezekise i-Ra enkulu, kodwa i-electropolishing sub-contractor ayizange isuse ngokupheleleyo iincopho ze-microscopic kwindlela yesixhobo somatshini, ishiya iindawo ezinokubakho zebhaktiriya. Ngoku asichazi nje inani leRa, kodwa indlela yokupolisha kunye nokulandelelana kwe-abrasive xa isicelo sinovakalelo. Inxalenye ayenziwa de isebenze kwihlabathi ekujoliswe kuyo.
Oku kusilela kukunyanzela ukuba ujonge ngaphaya koshicilelo. Bakwenza ukuba ubuze imibuzo ekruqulayo kwangethuba. Yintoni echukumisa ngokwenene? Uthini umjikelo wobushushu? Ngaba kukho ukungcangcazela, ukuguquka, ukudibana kwegalvanic? Le ngcamango yinto eyahlula umthengisi wenxalenye kwiqabane lokuvelisa. Yinto oyiphuhlisayo kwiminyaka engama-30, njengeqela QSY ingangqina. Umsebenzi wabo onama-alloys akhethekileyo afana ne-nickel-based based based environments kuphela yomeleza oku-zonke izinto zinemithetho efihliweyo.
Umgca wokuGqibela Wokwenene
Ke, yintoni eyenza impumelelo inxalenye yentsimbi engenasici? Ayikokubetha nje imilinganiselo kumzobo. Yinxalenye eyenziweyo ukusuka kwelona bakala lifanelekileyo, ngeyona nkqubo isebenzayo (nokuba kukuphosa, ukwenziwa komatshini ukusuka kokuqinileyo, okanye umhlanganiselwa), omatshini wokuqonda izinto ezintsonkothileyo zemathiriyeli, kwaye yaqinisekiswa kwinjongo yayo ethile. Umphezulu umenyezelayo linyathelo lokugqibela, hayi injongo.
Ixabiso lomboneleli wexesha elide likule mbono iphelele. Xa usebenza nomenzi wobugcisa okwaziyo ukuphosa, njengokubumba iqokobhe elidityanisiweyo, utyalo-mali, kunye neenkonzo zobuchwephesha be-CNC ezibonelelwayo, awuthengi nje ixesha lomatshini. Uthenga i-database yabo eqokelelweyo yento esebenzayo nengasebenziyo-idrowa yabo yezixhobo ezingaphumeleliyo, ilog yeziphumo zokunyanga ubushushu, inkumbulo yabo yoyilo lweflange oluqhekekileyo.
Ekugqibeleni, inxalenye kwi-shelf yinto nje. Ulwazi lwendlela yokuvelisa ngokuthembekileyo kunye noqoqosho, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, phantsi kweemeko zehlabathi langempela, yimveliso yangempela. Yiloo nto sonke ngokwenene sithengisa. I-stainless yi-canvas nje.
