Xa usiva 'ukufakwa kwevalvu', abantu abaninzi bafanekisela iringi yentsimbi elula ecinezelwe kwintloko yesilinda. Leyo yinkcazo yencwadi, kodwa iyayiphosa i-nuance. Ngokwenyani, lunxibelelwano phakathi kokuvutha komsindo kunye nocwangco koomatshini, kwaye ukuyifumana ingalunganga kuyabiza. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi kakhulu ziyiphatha njengenxalenye yorhwebo, kuphela ukujongana nokunxiba kwangaphambi kwexesha okanye ukwehla kwesitulo esiyingozi. Inyani yeyokuba, ukusebenza kwayo kuxhomekeke kwi-trifecta: ukuhambelana kwezinto, ukuveliswa okuchanekileyo, kunye nenguqu ehlala ingahoywa. Asiyonxalenye nje; kukuzibophelela kubomi benjini.
I-Conundrum yezinto eziphathekayo: Ayisiyonto nje yoBulukhuni
Ukuchola ingxubevange a faka ivalve uziva ngathi isenzo sokulinganisa. Udinga ubunzima bokumelana nokunxiba, kodwa i-ductility eyaneleyo yokuphatha ibhayisekile eshushu ngaphandle kokuqhekeka. Jula i-ayini? Ilungele iindleko, kulungile kwezinye iiapps zedizili. Kodwa kuyo nayiphi na into esebenza kakhulu okanye ukusebenzisa imixube ebhityileyo, ujonge isinyithi esinomgubo okanye ialloys ezikhethekileyo. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yesicinezeli segesi yendalo apho ukufakwa kwentsimbi okusemgangathweni kuye kwakhukuliswa kwiinyanga nje. Umoni? Landela ihydrogen sulfide kwirhasi. Satshintshela kwialloyi esekwe kwi-nickel ukusuka kumthengisi onjalo I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), onamava anzulu ngezo zixhobo zikhethekileyo, kwaye ingxaki yathi shwaka. Isifundo sasingengowona mathiriyeli unzima, kodwa eyona khemikhali inert yokusingqongileyo.
Emva koko kukho i-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal. Kufuneka isondele kakhulu kwizinto zomzali zentloko ye-cylinder-ngokuqhelekileyo i-aluminium kule mihla. Ukungahambelani kuthetha ukuba into efakiweyo iyakhululeka xa kushushu, kuphulukene nokudluliselwa kobushushu kwaye kubangele ukufudumeza kwendawo. Ndilinganise iintloko apho ukuphuma kwesihlalo kuphume kwi-spec emva kovavanyo lomjikelo we-thermal, konke ngenxa yomahluko we-fractional kumazinga okwandisa. Awunakuvele ujonge iphepha elithile; ngamanye amaxesha ufuna iprototype kunye novavanyo.
Apha kulapho ulwazi lwe-metallurgical lwe-Foundry lubaluleke kakhulu. Inkampani efana ne-QSY, eneminyaka engama-30 yokuphosa, iyaqonda ukuba i-chemistry enyibilikayo, izinga lokupholisa ngexesha lokuqinisa faka ivalve ukuphosa, zonke zichaphazela isakhiwo sokugqibela sengqolowa. Awuyithengi imilo; uthenga imbali ephathekayo eyalela ukusebenza.
Ukuchaneka akuxoxiswana: Umdaniso woMachining
Ukusasaza kukusondeza, kodwa ubugcisa bukusa apho. I-OD yokulungelelaniswa kokuphazamiseka, izihlalo zokuhlala (ngokuqhelekileyo i-45 degrees, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha i-30), i-concentricity-yonke i-micron ibala. Ndisebenze kunye neevenkile ze-CNC eziyithatha njengento elula yokuguqula, kwaye i-fallout ayihambelani noxinzelelo lwe-press-fit. Indlela ye-QSY yokudibanisa utyalo mali nge-in-house CNC machining iyavakala apha. Ukuba ne-casting kunye nomatshini phantsi kophahla olunye kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesiseko. Ukusaswa yi-embryo, kwaye i-CNC machining sisikolo sokugqiba.
Umtyholi wokwenyani ukwisiphelo somphezulu weOD. Igudile kakhulu, kwaye ayiyi kugcina ukuphazamisa ukulungeleka phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-thermal; rhabaxa kakhulu, kwaye ubeka umngcipheko we-galling ngexesha lokucofa-fit okanye ukuqhekeka kancinci entloko. Kukho ixabiso elithile likaRa ojolise kulo, kwaye asiyonto oyifumanayo kwiincwadana zobunjineli ngokubanzi. Lulwazi lwezizwe, oluhlala lucokiswa ngeesampulu ezingaphumeleliyo. Sakhe saba nebhetshi eyacinezela kakuhle kodwa yaqalisa ukupholisa amanzi emva kovavanyo lwe-injini dyno. Unobangela osisiseko yayiyipatheni yamanqaku esixhobo kwi-OD edale indlela yokuvuza encinci emva kokuhamba ngebhayisekile eshushu.
Kwaye masithethe ngesitulo. Emva kokuba ufakelo lucinezelwe, kaninzi kufuneka usike isihlalo sevalve ngqo kuso. Ukunyanzeliswa kwezinto ezifakiweyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba iqine kakhulu okanye i-abrasive, itya izixhobo zokusika kwaye ibeka ingozi kwingqibelelo yomgangatho ophantsi kwisihlalo sokugqibela. Iqabane elilungileyo liya kubonelela ngokufakela kwimeko elungiselelwe eli nyathelo lokugqibela lomatshini-ngamanye amaxesha imeko ethile yonyango lobushushu, hayi eyona meko inzima yokugqibela.
I-Pitfall yokuFakela: iMiba yokuCofa
Apha kulapho ukusilela kwebala kudla ngokuvela khona. Ithiyori ilula: yipholisa i-insert, mhlawumbi shushu intloko, kwaye uyicinezele. Ukupholisa okungalinganiyo kokufakwayo kunokubangela ukugqwetheka phambi kokuba kungene embholeni. Ukuba awusebenzisi isikhokelo, i-arbor press kwaye uthembele kwimpembelelo okanye kwi-ram ye-hydraulic engafanelekanga, ucela ingxaki. Ndibone i-insert ingena kwi-cocked, ibeka intloko kwaye idala indawo ebuthathaka ekugqibeleni iyasilela phantsi kokudinwa.
Amanani ongenelelo olufanelekileyo asisisikhokelo, hayi ivangeli. Eyona nto ibhore ububanzi bentloko, i-post-machining, inokunyamezela kwayo. Udinga inkqubo yokuhlanganisa ekhethiweyo ngamanye amaxesha-ukuhlela ukufakwa kumaqela obungakanani ukutshatisa amabhore alinganisiweyo. Kuyadinisa kodwa kunqanda ukusebenzisa amandla oshicilelo ngokugqithisileyo, anokuthi agqwethe intloko ethambileyo ye-aluminium ejikeleze faka ivalve ipokotho. Oko kugqwetheka kunokucima ulungelelwaniso lwesikhokelo sakho sevalvu.
Impazamo eqhelekileyo, ephantse yavakala bubudenge kukungacoci ibhore kunye nokufakwa kwe-OD ngokucokisekileyo. Ukucheba isinyithi esincinci okanye iqhekezana lothuli lisebenza njenge-lubricant ngexesha lokucinezela, linciphisa kakhulu ukuphazamiseka okusebenzayo kwaye likhokelela ekungeneni okuxekethileyo kamva. Iprotocol kufuneka iqhutywe: icocekile, icoceke, kwaye iphinde ihlambuluke kwakhona nge-solvent efanelekileyo, iphathwe ngeeglavu ezicocekileyo.
Xa izinto zingahambi kakuhle: I-Diagnostic Trail
Uhlalutyo lokusilela kwesihlalo esiwisiweyo okanye esivuzayo faka ivalve ngumsebenzi wenkundla. Ngaba yayisisiphene? Jonga iipatheni zokunxiba ezingaqhelekanga, iimpawu zokuncamathelisa okanye i-micro-welding. Ngaba yayingumba womatshini? Jonga impazamo ye-concentricity phakathi kwe-OD yokufaka kunye nobuso besihlalo esigqityiweyo. Isalathisi sokucofa singabalisa ibali elicacileyo. Ndikhumbula imeko apho isihlalo sasigxininise ngokugqibeleleyo kwi-ID yofakelo, kodwa i-OD yofakelo iye yatshintshwa kumbindi ngokunxulumene ne-ID. Oko kwakuthetha ukuba ubukhulu bodonga buyahlukahluka, budala indawo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu oluqhekeka phantsi komthwalo we-thermal.
Ngamanye amaxesha ukusilela akuthanga ngqo. Ukugqithiswa kobushushu obukwivalve ngokungena entloko kubangela ukuvutha kwevalve. Uleqa ingxaki yevalvu, kodwa ingcambu sisifakelo esinonxibelelwano olulambathayo okanye izinto ezingalunganga. Ukucinga nge-Thermal okanye ukujonga nje ukuguquguquka kwendawo kwintloko ejikeleze into efakiweyo kunokunikezela.
Yiloo nto ukulandeleka kubalulekile. Ukwazi i-batch yokunyibilika, i-machining lot, kunye nokutshintsha komsebenzisi kumacandelo abalulekileyo ayilobureucracy; yindlela ozahlula ngayo iingxaki. Umboneleli oneenkqubo ezidityanisiweyo ezifana nokubunjwa kweqokobhe, utyalo mali, kwaye CNC Machining phantsi kwendawo enye, njengoko i-QSY isebenza, inolandelelwano olungcono lwendalo kunomxokelelwane wobonelelo olwahlulwe kubathengisi abaninzi.
Umxholo oPhuhlayo: Ayiyiyo nje eyokutsha kwakhona
Ngelixa ii-injini zokutsha zangaphakathi zilikhaya eliqhelekileyo lokufakwa kwevalvu, umgaqo uyafuduka. Ndibona ufakelo olufanayo olusetyenziswa kwiivalvu zolawulo loxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwizindlu zokuxinzelela, naphi na isitulo esinganxibiyo kufuneka sifakwe kwizindlu ezithambileyo okanye ezineendleko ezingaphezulu. Iimfuno zitshintsha-mhlawumbi ukuxhathisa umhlwa kudlula amandla aphezulu obushushu njengomqhubi ophambili.
Oku kwandisa ipalethi yezinto ngakumbi. I-alloys esekwe kwi-Cobalt yokhukuliseko olubi, i-super duplex engenastainless ye-chloride. Umceli mngeni wokwenziwa kwemveliso uhleli: ukuzuza ungenelelo oluthembekileyo, olungavuziyo olulingana phakathi kweemathiriyeli ezihlala zihluke kakhulu. Izinto ezisisiseko esizifundileyo kwiinjini zisasebenza, kodwa i-spec sheet iba yinto engaqhelekanga. Ityhala ii-Foundries kunye nee-machinists ukuba zilungelelanise zabo iqokobhe ngundo ukuphosa ubuchule kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza kwezi ngxubevange zintsha, ezinokuthi zidume ngokuba nzima umatshini kwimeko yazo yokuqina.
Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo xa uchaza a faka ivalve, cinga ngaphaya komsesane. Ukhankanya inkqubo yezinto, ijometri echanekileyo, kunye nendlela yokufakela. Licandelo elincinane elithwele uxanduva olukhulu. Ukuyilungisa kubunjineli obuzolileyo; ukuyiphatha kakubi kukhwaza, kuyabiza ngokucacileyo. Umahluko uhlala ulele ekusebenzisaneni nabaqulunqi abayijongi njengenxalenye egxininisiweyo, kodwa njengento ebalulekileyo, i-interface enobunjineli imveliso yayo ifuna ukulawula phezu kwenyathelo ngalinye, ukusuka eziko ukuya kwisinqumlo sokugqibela.
