Lapho abantu bekhuluma ukunemba kokusakaza, into yokuqala evame ukufika engqondweni ukubekezelela umdwebo, mhlawumbe into efana ne-± 0.5mm. Lokho kuyingxenye yakho, impela, kepha uma uchithe noma yisiphi isikhathi sangempela endaweni eyisisekelo, uyazi ukuthi lokho kungaphezulu nje. Ukunemba kweqiniso ekulingiseni yile nto engcolile, ehlanganisa konke—imayelana nokuzinza kohlangothi, ngokuqinisekile, kodwa futhi mayelana nobuqotho obungaphezulu, ukuzwakala kwangaphakathi, kanye nendlela ingxenye eziphatha ngayo ngemva kokuba isikhishiwe futhi yapholiswa. Amaklayenti amaningi, ikakhulukazi lawo asanda kuthola ukulingisa, alungisa leyo nombolo eyodwa. Bazofuna ukubekezelelana okuqinile okuqinile ngaphandle kokuqaphela ukuthi umshayeli wezindleko akasona nje isikhunta, kodwa yonke into kusukela ekuziphatheni kokuncipha kwe-alloy kuya endleleni ohlela ngayo uhlelo lokungena. Ngibone amaphrojekthi ehamba eceleni ngenxa yalokho kunqanyulwa. Ingxoxo yangempela kufanele iqale ngomsebenzi: yenzani le ngxenye, ukunemba kubaluleke kuphi, futhi singakuvumela kuphi ukuhlukahluka kwenqubo ethile ukuze kugcinwe ukonga? Yilapho isipiliyoni singena khona.
I-Shell Mold Bancing Act
Esitolo sethu, ukukhishwa kwesikhunta segobolondo kuyinqubo eyinhloko, futhi yilapho impi eningi enembile ilwelwa khona. Ubuhle bayo ukuqedwa okuhle kakhulu kwendawo kanye nokunemba kwe-dimensional ehloniphekile ongayikhipha ngokuqondile esikhunjini. Kodwa ukuhlonipha akwanele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukunemba lapha kuwumsebenzi oqondile wephethini. Uma iphethini yakho eyinhloko ingaphelele, ukubala amanani okuncipha kuze kufike engxenyeni yephesenti, uphindaphinda iphutha. Sisebenzisa i-epoxy yezinga eliphezulu noma amaphethini ensimbi, futhi ukugcinwa kwawo kubalulekile. I-chip encane noma inqwaba yezinsalela ze-ejenti yokukhulula ikopishwa kuwo wonke amagobolondo owenzayo.
Bese kuba khona igobongo uqobo lwalo. Ukuqina nokufana kwayo kukhulu. Indawo encane ingaholela ekushiseni noma ekuqhumeni, kubulale ukunemba kobukhulu bakho. Silawula lokhu ngamapharamitha wokucwilisa kanye ne-stuccoing—i-viscosity e-slurry, usayizi wezinhlamvu zesihlabathi, isikhathi sokumisa phakathi kwamajazi. Kuzwakala kuyinqubo, kodwa endaweni engalawulwa yisimo sezulu (okuyinto izikhungo eziningi ezingekho), usuku oluswakeme lungalahla umjikelezo wakho wokomisa, okuholela egobolondweni elibuthakathaka, elizinzile kancane kancane. Ufunda ukufunda umoya, hhayi nje imanuwali. Umgomo igobolondo eliqine ngokwanele ukuba likwazi ukusingatha ukucindezela okumile kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela, kodwa hhayi ugqinsi kangangokuba libangela ukugodola ngokweqile noma lidale awalo amaphuzu okucindezeleka. Kuyinto ukulinganisa njalo.
Ngikhumbula inqwaba yemizimba yama-valve ensimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Imidwebo yayidinga ukubekezelelana okuqinile. Amagobolondo ayephelele, i-alloy yayizocacisa, kodwa ama-bores as-cast ayehlala emkhawulweni ophansi. Inkinga? Sisanda kushintshela ekuhlanganiseni kwesihlabathi se-zircon esisha kumajazi ayisisekelo. Yayinokushintshwa okushisayo okuhlukile kancane, okuguqule ingaphambili lokuqinisa ngokwanele ukuze kuthinte ukushwabana kuleso sigaba esibucayi. Ukulungiswa bekungekona umshini owengeziwe—bekuwukulungisa ubukhulu bokuphrinta obuyinhloko bephethini ngezingxenye eziyishumi ezimbalwa ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukuziphatha kwegobolondo elisha. Yilokho ukunemba kokusakaza: ukuphatha uchungechunge lwezinto eziguquguqukayo, hhayi eyodwa kuphela.
Ukufakwa Kwezimali Zotshalomali: Ukujaha Inganekwane Yomumo We-Net
Ukutshala izimali kuthola ilebula enembayo isatshalaliswa kakhulu, evamise ukukhangiswa njengenqubo yokuma kwenetha. Futhi kungaba, kumajiyometri athile. Kodwa i-net-shape ingoma encane ye-siren. Inqubo yomjovo we-wax yethula okuguquguqukayo kwayo—ingcindezi yomjovo, izinga lokushisa, nesikhathi sokupholisa konke kuthinta usayizi wephethini ye-wax. Ukwehluka okungu-0.1% ekuncipheni kwe-wax kukhuliswa ngokwakhiwa kwegobolondo le-ceramic kanye nokuthela kwensimbi kokugcina. Ngokusakaza okuningi kokutshalwa kwezimali kwezinga lezentengiso, usabheka isibonelelo somshini, esincane kakhulu.
Lapho kukhanya khona ngempela ngokunemba kunezici zangaphakathi namakhonsana ayinkimbinkimbi abiza kakhulu umshini. Cabanga ngama-impeller noma ama-turbine blades aneziteshi zokupholisa zangaphakathi. I ukunemba kokusakaza lapha mayelana nokuthumba leyo geometry ngokwethembeka. Inselele ukuvimbela ukushintsha kwe-ceramic core noma ukuhlanekezela ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-waxing nokudubula. Ngokuvamile sizoklama isihlahla sokuhlanganisa i-wax kanye nesango ukuze simise futhi sisekele ama-cores athambile. Kuyindida. Indida ehlulekile isho ukulingisa lapho ingxenye yangaphakathi ingekho maphakathi, okwenza ingxenye ingabi namsebenzi naphezu kwengaphandle eliphelele.
Sisebenze kuphrojekthi yengxenye yensiza yezokwelapha, ingxenye ye-cobalt-chrome alloy enesakhiwo se-lattice. Ukuyikhanda kwakungabuzwa. Imfuneko yokunemba yayincane mayelana nobukhulu obuthile bomugqa futhi okwengeziwe mayelana nokuvumelana kwamadayamitha we-lattice strut kanye ne-porosity yangaphezulu. Sadlula inqwaba yezindlela zokupheka ze-wax namagobolondo. Ukuphumelela kwavela ekulungiseni izinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa kwesikhunta ngaphambi kokuthela. Kushisa kakhulu, futhi insimbi ingaguguleka imininingwane emihle yobumba; kubanda kakhulu, futhi insimbi yayingeke igcwalise izingxenye ezincane ngokuphelele. Ukunemba kwachazwa ngokuphindaphindwa kwezingxenye ezingamakhulu, hhayi nje ukushaya inombolo kokukodwa.
Indaba ingumlayezo
Awukwazi ukukhuluma ngokunemba ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngensimbi ngokwayo. Yilapho iningi lama-generic foundries lishaya khona udonga. Kwa-QSY, ukusebenza ngayo yonke into kusukela kunsimbi evamile kuya kuma-alloys ane-nickel kusho ukuthi kufanele usethe kabusha okulindele emsebenzini ngamunye. I-iron empunga inoketshezi oluhle kanye nokuncipha okubikezelwayo, cishe ngo-1%. Kuyathethelela uma kuqhathaniswa. Kodwa shintshela kunsimbi engagqwali eqinisa imvula noma i-high-nickel alloy, futhi yonke igeyimu iyashintsha.
Lawa ma-alloys akhethekile anezici ezihlukene zokufinyela okushisayo. Abanye bathambekele ekudabukeni okushisayo uma isikhunta siqinile kakhulu, okukuphoqa ukuthi usebenzise isikhunta esingaguquki kancane—ukushintshaniswa ngokushesha. Amanye, njengamanye ama-bronze e-aluminium, anobubanzi obude bokuqina, okubenza bangenwe kalula yi-micro-porosity, engase ivele ku-X-ray kodwa ingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwengxenye ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Idizayini yakho yokugenca nokukhuphuka iba bucayi kakhulu ngokunemba, hhayi nje ukugwema ukushwabana kwezimbotshana, kodwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqiniswa okuqondile okunciphisa ingcindezi yangaphakathi nokuhlanekezela. Ingxenye ejikayo ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa ayiyona ingxenye eqondile, ngisho noma ilinganiswa kahle esimweni esiluhlaza.
Lokhu sikufunde kanzima ngochungechunge lwezindlu ezinkulu zephampu ku-nickel-chromium alloy. Ama-athikili okuqala aphumelele ukuhlolwa kwe-dimensional. Kodwa ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa kwekhambi, basonteka njengobhanana. Inkinga bekuyingcindezi eyinsalela evalelwe ukusakaza kusuka ekupholiseni okungalingani. Kwadingeka sibuyele emuva futhi siklame kabusha izikhuphukeli futhi sengeze amaphiko okupholisa amasu esikhunjeni ukuze sikhuthaze ukuqina okufanayo. Ukunemba kwakudingeka kufakwe ekuphathweni okushisayo kwenqubo, hhayi nje isikhunta.
Lapho I-CNC Machining Ingena Khona (Akuyona I-crutch)
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukwenza imishini ye-CNC njengesinyathelo sokuhlanza ukuze bathole ukunemba kokugcina, futhi ngokwezinga elithile, lokho kuyiqiniso. Kodwa uma uyisebenzisa njengendlela yokwenza umkhuba wokuphonsa ompofu, amamajini akho ayahwamuka. Umgomo uwukunikeza ukulingisa okunembe ngokwanele ukuze kusetshenziswe imishini ephumelelayo. Lokho kusho ukushuba kodonga okungaguquki, isibonelelo sesitoko esingabikezelwa, kanye nobuthakathaka obuncane obufihliwe obungase buphule ithuluzi.
Imishini yethu yangaphakathi kwa-QSY idala iluphu yempendulo eqinile. Ochwepheshe bemishini basitshela kahle ukuthi isitoko sihluka kuphi, lapho amabala aqinile akhona, noma uma ukusakaza kukhula ngesikhathi sokubopha. Leyo ngqondo ibuyela ngqo ku-Foundry. Isibonelo, uma sihlala sibona u-0.3mm wesitoko esingeziwe ebusweni obunye be-flange, singalungisa iphethini noma inqubo yokuyibumba ukuze siyibuyise. Lokhu kuhlangana yikho okusivumela ukuthi sithembise okuthembekile ukunemba kokusakaza. Akuwona umlingo; ukuxhumana.
Ngikhumbula umsebenzi wevolumu ephezulu kubakaki bezimoto. Ukubekezelela i-as-cast kwezinye ukuphakama kwe-bolt boss kwakuwumngcele wolayini womshini wokuzenzakalela weklayenti. Babedinga ukungaguquguquki okwedlulele. Ngokuhlaziya izingxenye zomshini ezingamakhulu ambalwa okuqala, sihlonze ukuhlobana phakathi kwezinga lokushisa elithelayo kanye nobude bokugcina bomphathi ngemva komshini. Izinga lokushisa elithe ukuphakama kancane liholele ekuncipheni okuncane kuleyo ngxenye engayodwa, esindayo. Saqinisa iwindi lethu lokulawula izinga lokushisa, futhi inkinga yashabalala. Ukunemba kwafinyelelwa ngokulawula inqubo eguquguqukayo esingazange siyicabange njengebalulekile kulobo bukhulu.
I-Real-World Compromise kanye Nevelu Yokuletha
Ngakho, ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, yini ukunemba kokusakaza? Eqinisweni, ngokuvamile ubuciko bokwenzeka ngaphakathi kweqiniso lezomnotho. Ukwazi ukuthi kufanele kucaciswe nini ukuskena kwe-CT kwengxenye ebalulekile ye-aerospace uma i-UT ejwayelekile kanye nokuhlola kobukhulu kwanele ku-hydraulic manifold. Kuyaqondwa ukuthi ubulukhuni bobuso obungu-0.25mm (Ra) bungase bufezeke ngendlela esakazwa ngayo ngokufaka imali, kodwa engxenyeni enkulu yesikhunta segobolondo, ecacisa u-1.6mm Ra kanye nokuhlelela iphasi yomshini osheshayo kuhlakaniphile futhi ishibhile.
Inani esilihlinzekayo enkampanini efana ne-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology aligcini nje ngokwenza umumo. Isekuqondiseni iklayenti kulokhu kuhwebelana. Ungathola indlela yethu kanye namakhono anemininingwane ku https://www.tsingtaocnc.com. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu ekulingiseni nasekukhiqizeni imishini, ubuchwepheshe bangempela busezinkinga zangaphambi kokukhipha. Kukukubuka umdwebo bese uthi, Leyo radiyasi ibukhali kakhulu kungxubevange oyikhethile—izodala isikhuphukeli sengcindezi futhi ingase ingagcwali. Masiyiphumuze ngo-1mm, futhi uzothola ingxenye ethembeke kakhudlwana. Lokho ukucabanga okunembayo—kwenzeka kudala ngaphambi kokuba insimbi incibilike.
Ekugcineni, ukujaha ukunemba okuphelele, okuphelele, njengokunemba kuyo yonke indawo kuwumsebenzi weziwula. Ijika lezindleko liya mpo. Ikhono langempela elokuhlonza izici zokulawula ezibalulekile—indawo evalayo, amajenali anezinhlamvu, izixhumanisi zokukhwelana—kanye nokuthela konke ukulawula kwenqubo yakho ekwenzeni lezo zindawo ziphelele. Okunye kungaphathwa. Yileyo ndlela oletha ngayo ingxenye enembayo, hhayi nje ukusakaza okunembayo. Akukona nje ngenombolo esekhasini. Kumayelana nengxenye esebenzayo, ehlala njalo, futhi eyenza umqondo wezomnotho. Yilokho umugqa wokugcina.
