Bari mu yanke ta hanyar talla. Lokacin da akasari suka ji 'samfurin simintin saka hannun jari', suna yin hoton wani yanki mara aibi, kusa da siffa mai sihirce yana fitowa daga harsashi na yumbu. Gaskiyar ita ce mafi muni, ƙarin juzu'i, kuma ya fi dogaro da haɗin gwiwar gaba fiye da yadda yawancin jockey CAD ke ɗauka. Ba kawai wani zato 3D bugu madadin; gada ce tsakanin niyyar ƙira da yuwuwar samarwa, kuma wannan gadar galibi tana da ƴan kuɗaɗen da ba zato ba tsammani.
Ƙimar Prototype da Ƙimar Ƙimar Farko
Kira shi a samfurin zuba jari simintin gyaran kafa riga ya kafa wani m tsammanin. Kalmomin prototype na nuna kashe ɗaya, gudu, watakila ma ƙarancin aminci. Amma tsarin da kansa-ƙirƙirar kakin zuma ko ƙirar bugu na 3D, gina harsashi yumbu, dewaxing, harbe-harbe, zubowa, gamawa - shine ainihin tsarin samarwa a cikin ƙaramin ƙaramin abu. Ƙimar gaske ba ta yin sashe ɗaya cikin sauri ba (SLA na iya doke shi a can), amma a cikin yin ɓangaren da ke aiki kamar sashin samarwa. Halayen thermal, tsarin hatsi, kaddarorin injina - kuna inganta hanyar masana'anta da kanta, ba kawai lissafi ba. Na ga ayyuka da yawa inda samfurin resin da aka buga da kyau ya wuce gwajin dacewa, kawai na farko zuba jari gudu don kasawa daga abubuwan ƙarfafawa filastik ya kasa bayyanawa.
Wannan shi ne inda shekaru 30 na mayar da hankali kan shago kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ya zama na zahiri. Ba game da samun mafi kyawun firintocin 3D don alamu ba. Yana da game da masu yin ƙirar su da injiniyoyin injiniyoyi sun sani, a hankali, yadda bangon 3mm a cikin bakin 316 zai kasance tare da bango ɗaya a cikin gami na tushen nickel yayin ƙonewar harsashi da zubowa. Wannan hukunci, gasa cikin samfurin lokaci, yana ceton watanni. Gidan yanar gizon su, tsingtaocnc.com, ya lissafa aikin su tare da kayan aiki na musamman, kuma wannan shine maɓalli-samfurin a cikin Inconel ba kawai game da farashin kayan ba; yana da game da sanin yadda ake tweak girke-girke na harsashi da kuma zuba zafin jiki don guje wa ƙananan fasa-kwaro waɗanda kawai ke nunawa a cikin machining.
Babban kuskure? Kula da simintin simintin gyare-gyare a matsayin tabbataccen ƙarshe. Tabbatar da tsari ne. Muna amfani da shi don bincika ainihin dacewa, izinin raguwa, ingantaccen gating. Wani lokaci, mafi nasara samfurin gudu shi ne wanda ke bayyana mummunar aibi a cikin ƙirar gating-rashin da ke hana ɓarna samarwa. Na tuna samfurin injin turbine inda gefuna masu biyo baya suka ci gaba da nuna porosity. Maganin ba shine tweak da CAD ba; shi ne don daidaita slurry danko a farkon yumbu gashi da stucco yashi sa. Wannan shine bayanan da kuke samu ta yin kawai.
Kakin Kaki vs. Dabarun Bugawa: Yaƙi Mai Aiki
Muhawara tsakanin kakin zuma da aka buga da 3D bugu (sau da yawa SLA ko jetting abu) alamu ne na shekara-shekara. Wax al'ada ce, sau da yawa mai rahusa don sassaukan geometries, kuma yana yin daidai da kakin zuma, don haka kuna samun abubuwan ban mamaki yayin lalatar. Amma don hadaddun tashoshi na ciki ko rashin yankewa? Buga yayi nasara. Duk da haka, a nan ga rub: bugu na guduro alamu suna da daban-daban fadada zafi da kuma ƙona hali. Idan harsashi ba a tsara shi don ɗaukar ƙarin haɓakar haɓakar iskar gas a lokacin ƙonawa ba, kuna samun fashewar harsashi-ko mafi muni, haɗawa cikin ƙarfe.
Ƙwarewar QSY biyu a ciki harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa kuma zuba jari amfani ne shiru a nan. Simintin gyare-gyaren Shell yana amfani da yashi mai ɗaure, wani dabba dabam, amma kimiyyar kayan abu na ɗaurewa da masu hana ruwa gudu ta haye. Kwarewarsu tana gaya musu lokacin da ƙirar da aka buga tana buƙatar gyara tsarin ginin harsashi-watakila ƙarin rigar riga ko tsayi, zagayowar ƙonawa a hankali. Wannan baya cikin littafin jagora; yana cikin ƙwaƙwalwar haɗin gwiwar masu fasaha. Na aika musu da wani hadadden dandali da aka buga a cikin photopolymer gama gari, kuma tambayarsu ta farko ita ce game da abun cikin toka na guduro. Tambayar kenan.
Mun taɓa ƙoƙarin yanke lokacin jagora ta hanyar amfani da babban tsari da aka buga don ɓangaren ƙarfe na ductile. Tsarin ya kasance cikakke. Bangaren simintin gyare-gyare yana da rami mai zurfi. Mai laifi? Ragowar toka daga abin ɗaure da aka buga wanda ke gurɓatar da saman ƙarfe. Gyaran yana komawa zuwa kakin zuma na inji don samfurin. Ya kara kwanaki biyu zuwa lokacin jagoranci amma ya adana makonni biyu na sake aiki da bincike. Darasi: Hanyar mafi sauri ba shine hanya mafi sauri zuwa kyakkyawan samfuri ba.
Inda CNC Machining ke haɗuwa da Tsarin Cast
Wannan yana da mahimmanci kuma sau da yawa ba a kula da shi. A samfurin zuba jari simintin gyaran kafa yana da wuya, idan ya kasance, ɓangaren da aka gama kai tsaye daga shakeout. Yana buƙatar machining — hakowa, ramukan da aka taɓa, an gama mahimmin saman datum. Wannan shine inda haɗin kai tsaye a wuri kamar QSY yana canza wasan. Samun CNC machining a karkashin rufin daya kamar yadda aka samo asali ba kawai saukaka ba; madauki ne na martani.
Mashin ɗin ya zama mai duba na ƙarshe na aikin simintin gyaran kafa. Idan kullun suna karya kayan aiki akan wuri mai wuya a cikin takamaiman yanki na kowane samfuri, yana nuna alamar sanyi ko rarrabuwa a cikin ƙarfafawa. Idan injunan bango na bakin ciki ya fito tare da porosity, ginin yana iya daidaita yawan zafin jiki ko gating a cikin ginin guda. Na yi aiki tare da shagunan inda simintin gyare-gyare da mashin ɗin keɓaɓɓu ne daban-daban, kuma wasan zargi da ke fitowa lokacin da samfurin ya gaza wajen yin aikin kisa. Lokacin da ƙungiya ɗaya ce, zance shine, Aljihu a tashar D ya nuna ƙananan raguwa. Mu kara tashi ko sanyi.
Aikin su da bakin karfe kuma musamman gami yana sa wannan ya fi mahimmanci. Machining na tushen alluran cobalt ƙwararre ce a cikin kanta. Idan samfurin simintin yana da raguwar damuwa daga sanyi mara daidaituwa, zai iya jujjuyawa sosai akan yankewar farko na injin CNC. Masanan injinan su sun san ɗaukar sauƙi a kan labarin farko, don jin halin kayan aiki - ilimin tacit wanda ke sanar da ɓangaren tushe don haɓakawa na gaba.
Zaɓin Alloy: Ba Menu ba ne kawai
Zaɓan abu don samfuri ba kawai game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai ba ne. Ee, kuna iya buƙatar bakin karfe 17-4PH don juriyar lalata. Amma ga samfuri, wani lokacin yana da wayo don amfani da mafi yawan gafara, sauƙi-zuba gami kamar 304 bakin karfe don tabbatar da ilimin lissafi da gating, sannan canza zuwa 17-4PH don samfurin aikin. Kwarewar kafuwar ta nuna hakan.
Ƙwarewar QSY da aka jera a cikin kayan haɗin nickel da cobalt misali ne cikakke. Waɗannan kayan zalunci ne don jefawa. Suna da manyan wuraren narkewa, suna da amsawa, kuma suna da jeri mai ƙarfi. Samfura a cikin waɗannan wasa ne mai girma. Ba kawai za ku yi tsalle zuwa hadadden superalloy ba. Sau da yawa, ana aiwatar da tsari: wataƙila ƙirar farko a cikin aluminum don bincika ruwa da cikawa, sannan ɗaya a cikin ƙaramin ƙaramin ƙarfe don bincika raguwa, sannan a ƙarshe Inconel. Kowane mataki yana hana zubewar abu mai tsada. Na ga ayyukan suna ƙoƙarin tsallake matakai don adana farashi, kawai don rasa cajin $ 10,000 na Hastelloy zuwa ɓarna mara kyau. Wannan tsinuwar tana koya muku haƙuri.
Zaɓin kuma yana rinjayar kayan aiki-har ma don samfura. Idan manufar samarwa don dangin karfe ne, yin samfura a cikin aluminum saboda yana da rahusa na iya zama yaudara. Ƙunƙarar ya bambanta, don haka ana buƙatar daidaita girman ƙirar. Hanya ce mai inganci, amma dole ne ku san cewa kawai kuna inganta tsari da aiki na asali, ba ƙira ba. Wannan shine mahimmin kiran hukunci da ƙwararren injiniya yayi da wuri.
Sadarwa: Bayanin da ba a rubuta ba
Mafi nagartaccen tsari ya gaza tare da rashin sadarwa mara kyau. Aika fayil ɗin STEP da ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki zuwa wurin ganowa don a samfurin zuba jari simintin gyaran kafa gayyata ce don jinkiri. Menene mahimmin haƙuri? Wadanne filaye ne kamar simintin gyare-gyare, waɗanne ne dole ne a sarrafa su? Akwai takamaiman ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun buƙatu? Menene babban akwati na kaya na farko? Wannan mahallin yana juya shago daga mai karɓar oda zuwa abokin haɗin gwiwa.
Tare da abokin tarayya mai iyawa da yawa kamar wanda aka kwatanta a tsingtaocnc.com, kuna buƙatar shigar da duk sassan su da wuri. Kiran bita cikin sauri tare da injiniyan simintin gyaran gyare-gyaren su da ƙwararrun injiniyoyi na iya ƙaddamar da batutuwan da mai ƙira zai iya rasa na tsawon watanni. Na tuna aika zane don jikin bawul mai kyau, siraren ƙarfafa haƙarƙari. Ra'ayinsu ya kasance mai sauƙi: Waɗancan haƙarƙarin za su fara sanyi kuma su haifar da hawaye masu zafi a mahadar. Za mu iya sanya su bakin ciki ko ƙara fillet? Mun ƙara fillet. Samfurin ya kasance sauti. Wannan shine ɓoyayyen ROI na gwaninta.
Tunani na karshe shine: samfurin zuba jari simintin gyaran kafa tattaunawa ce. Magana ce ta zahiri, ta ƙarfe tsakanin ƙirar ku da dokokin kimiyyar lissafi da ƙarfe. Manufar ba cikakkiyar labarin farko ba ne. Manufar ita ce labarin da ke koya muku ainihin abin da kuke buƙatar canza don sanya labarin na goma, na ɗari, da na dubu ya zama cikakke. A nan ne ka'idar ke samun datti. Kuma samun shagon da ke magana da wannan yaren—cikin shekarun da suka gabata na ginin harsashi, zubewa, da yin guntu-shine ainihin hanyar gajeriyar hanya.
