Mukamva za 'kutayika bwino kwa ndalama zotayika', ambiri amaganiza kuti ndikungopanga zowoneka bwino. Ndiwo pamwamba. Nkhani yeniyeni ndi yomenyera kukhulupirika kowoneka bwino, nkhondo yolimbana ndi kusokonekera kwa zipolopolo za ceramic, komanso kukambirana kosalekeza pakati pa machitidwe a aloyi ndi kupsinjika kwamafuta. Simatsenga; ndi unyolo wa kusagwirizana kolamulidwa.
Masewera a Shell: Komwe Kulondola Kwapambana Kapena Kutayika
Aliyense amangoyang'ana ndondomeko ya sera, ndipo ndithudi, jekeseni yabwino ndiyo chiyambi. Koma nyumba ya zipolopolo? Ndiko kutsimikizira kwachete. Ndawonapo masitolo akutsanulira ndalama m'mapangidwe apamwamba a 3D osindikizidwa kuti ataya tanthauzo lonse la m'mphepete mwa chovala choyamba choviikidwa. Kukhuthala kwa slurry, kukula kwa tirigu wa stucco ndi morphology - sinthani izi, ndipo mumaphika molakwika kuyambira tsiku loyamba. Chigoba sichimangokhala nkhungu; ndi structural corset pa kutsanulira ndi chotchinga pa kuzirala. Ngati kukulitsa kwake kwamafuta kulibe ubale wodziwikiratu ndi chitsulo chanu, mukuthamangitsa mchira wanu pa zololera.
Tengani msampha wamba: kuganiza kuti chipolopolo chokulirapo nthawi zonse ndichabwino kuti chikhazikike. Kwa zitsulo zolemera kwambiri, mwina. Koma pagawo lokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala yopangidwa ndi nickel-based superalloy, chipolopolo cholimba kwambiri chingapangitse kung'ambika kotentha chifukwa chimalepheretsa kukomoka. Mufunika chipolopolo cholimba kuti mugwire chitsulo, koma chokwanira 'perekani' pa kutentha koyenera. Apa ndipamene makina omangira eni eni ndi ntchito za stucco zochokera kuzinthu zodziwika bwino zimapanga kusiyana. Ndikumverera ndi zochitika, osati pepala lokha.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yopangira turbine sensor nyumba, pomwe choyimiracho chimafuna kulolerana kwa ± 0.1mm pabowo lamkati. Sera inali yangwiro. Timagwiritsa ntchito malaya amtundu wa zirconia. Kuthira koyamba kunabwera pa + 0.15mm. Nkhani yake? Chovala chakumaso chinali chotakasuka kwambiri ndi superalloy, ndikupanga mawonekedwe okhuthala pang'ono kuposa momwe amayembekezeredwa omwe adasintha bwino kukula kwake. Tidasinthira ku silika-based prime slurry-kuchepera pang'ono, chotchinga cha inert-ndikuyambiranso kulolerana. The mwatsatanetsatane anataya sera ndalama kuponya ndondomeko yodzaza ndi micro-interactions.
Makhalidwe a Alloy: Wothandizira Wosayembekezereka
Kulankhula za ma alloys, apa ndipamene chidziwitso cha generic chimalephera. Precision Investment casting ya 304 zosapanga dzimbiri ndi dziko lopanda kuchita ndi cobalt-based alloy monga Stellite 6 kapena nickel-based monga Inconel 718. Kusungunuka kwawo, kuchepa kwawo, ndi kusunga kutentha ndizosiyana kwambiri. Simungagwiritse ntchito filosofi yofananira ndikukwera.
718, mwachitsanzo, ili ndi malo oziziritsa kwambiri. Ikufuna kupanga micro-porosity ngati simukuwongolera njira yolimba mwamakani. Tinaphunzira izi movutikira pa ntchito yoyambirira ya injini. Kumaliza kokongola kwapamwamba, kunadutsa X-ray, koma kulephera kuyesa kutopa. Vutoli lidali pamphambano yosadyetsedwa bwino. Njira yothetsera vutoli sikunali kungowonjezera zitsulo (chokwera chokulirapo); zinali zokhudza kuyikanso zipata kuti apange kutentha kowonjezereka. Tinkayenera kuganiza chammbuyo kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cholimba mpaka kutsanulira madzi.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake mbiri yakale ya foundry imafunika. Sitolo ngati Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), yomwe imatchula zaka zambiri zokhala ndi ma aloyi apadera, sikungolemba zinthu zokha. Iwo akulozera pa nkhokwe yosungiramo kutentha kwa kuthirira, kutentha kwa zipolopolo zisanayambike, ndi ndondomeko zoziziritsa za banja lililonse. Kukumbukira kwamabungwe ndiko kumalepheretsa kuyesa-ndi zolakwika zokwera mtengo pamapulojekiti atsopano.
Kugwirana Chanza kwa Machining: As-Cast vs. Finished
Palibe gawo lomwe liri 'lolondola' molunjika kuchokera mu chipolopolo. Nthawi zonse pamakhala malipiro a makina. Luso lenileni ndikuchepetsa. Cholinga ndikupereka kuponyera komwe kuli kokhazikika, kokhala ndi kupsinjika kochepa kotsalira, kotero kuti ikagunda makina a CNC, sikuyenda mosadziwika bwino mukamadula.
Ndatsutsana ndi okonza omwe amatchula malipiro a lezala-woonda paliponse, monga 0.5mm. Ndizongopeka za ma geometries ambiri. Imayika kukakamiza kosatheka panjira yoponya ndipo nthawi zambiri imatsogolera ku zinyalala panthawi ya makina pomwe chidacho chimangopsompsona malo osinthika pang'ono. Njira yothandiza kwambiri ndi yogwirizira: zindikirani zofunikira za datum ndi malo osindikizira. Gwiritsitsani kulekerera kolimba kwambiri komanso kumaliza bwino kwa omwe akuponya (nthawi zina ngakhale mawonekedwe a ukonde), ndipo mulole chilolezo chowolowa manja pamavoliyumu osafunikira. Apa ndipamene zida zophatikizika zimawala. Mtundu wa QSY wopereka zonse ziwiri kuponya ndalama ndi CNC Machining pansi pa denga limodzi zikutanthauza kuti kuzungulira kwa mayankho ndi kwaufupi. Gulu lopanga makina litha kuuza oyambitsa, Hei, tikuwona malo ovuta kwambiri pa flange iyi, ndipo atha kutsata zomwe zidaziziritsa mu nkhungu.
Nthawi ina tinali ndi gulu la ma valve pomwe mabwana a ulusi wa as-cast anali mkati, koma pogogoda, chidacho chimangoyendayenda nthawi zina. Wolakwa? Osati kulondola kwenikweni, koma timagulu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tomwe tinali osawundana mokwanira kuwonekera pa X-ray koma kusintha mphamvu yodulira. Kukonzekerako kunali kusintha kukwera kwanuko kuti apititse patsogolo kukhazikika kwa mabwanawo. Inali njira yothetsera vuto la makina.
The Tooling Mindset: Digital to Physical
Kusuntha kwamakampani kupita ku sera yosindikizidwa ya 3D kapena mawonekedwe a utomoni ndikusintha, koma sizikumveka. Ndizosangalatsa kwa ma prototypes komanso zovuta zamkati zamkati. Pakupanga voliyumu, zida zachitsulo zojambulira sera zikadali mfumu yokhazikika komanso yomaliza. Mfundo ndi kusankha njira yoyenera.
Ulusi wa digito ndi wofunikira, komabe. Mtundu wangwiro wa CAD sutanthauza kanthu ngati wopanga zida samawerengera zinthu zocheperako molondola. Ndipo si yunifolomu peresenti. Ndi anisotropic-yosiyana mu nkhwangwa zosiyanasiyana kutengera gawo la geometry ndi kudziletsa pachipolopolo. Opeza abwino amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosinthidwa zocheperako, nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku mbiri yawo yakale pamawonekedwe ofanana ndi ma aloyi. Iwo amamanga chipukuta misozi mu tooling kuyambira pachiyambi. Kuwongolera koyambirira kumeneku ndi chizindikiro chowona kulondola kotayika sera ntchito.
Ndikukumbukira ndikuwunika wogulitsa zinthu zingapo zamapampu. Zitsanzo za ogulitsa m'modzi zidali ndi malo okongola aerodynamic koma zidalephera kuyesa koyenda. Tidawajambula ndipo tidapeza kuti ma profiles a vanene anali osokonekera - mawonekedwewo adawongoleredwa ndi chinthu chimodzi chofananira. Wogulitsa wina, yemwe adachitaponso ntchito yofananira m'mbuyomu, adagwiritsa ntchito masikelo osinthika, kukulitsa mawonekedwewo pang'onopang'ono kulowera chapakati chapakati. Mapangidwe awo amapangidwa mosiyanasiyana. Ndiwo chidziwitso chobisika.
Ubwino ndi Njira, Osati Kuyendera
Pomaliza, kulondola sikutsimikiziridwa kumapeto; imamangidwa mkati pa sitepe iliyonse. Ndilo malo olamulidwa a chipinda cha sera (kutentha, chinyezi). Ndikuwunika mosamalitsa ma cluster assemblies musanayambe kuponya zipolopolo. Ndiwo kuwombera kolembedwa kwa autoclave kwa dewaxing ndi ng'anjo yowotchera. Kupatuka kwa kutentha kwa chipolopolo chowombera kumatha kusintha ma permeability ake ndi mphamvu zake, zomwe zimatsogolera ku mitruns kapena kusweka kwa zipolopolo pakutsanulira.
Njira za post-casting zimafunikanso. Kodi mumadula bwanji mbali za mtengo? Gudumu la abrasive likhoza kuyambitsa kupsinjika ndi ming'alu yaying'ono ngati silinachite mosamala. Chithandizo cha kutentha ndi malo ena osungiramo mabomba. Njira yothetsera kuponyera kovutirapo kukhathamiritsa zinthu za alloy popanda kuyambitsa warpage kapena sintering sikelo yomwe imawononga malo ndikuwongolera bwino.
Malingaliro athunthu awa ndi omwe amalekanitsa wopereka gawo ndi mnzake wopanga. Pamene kampani ngati Mtengo wa QSY ikugogomezera zaka 30 mukupanga ndi kukonza, ndi code yokhala ndi moyo mumavuto olumikizana awa. Iwo mwina awona momwe kusintha kwa mchenga wa chipolopolo kumakhudzira machinability, kapena momwe tweak to heat treatment ingasungire gawo la magawo okhala ndi miyeso yam'mphepete. Ndiwo mawonekedwe a dziko lenileni mwatsatanetsatane anataya sera ndalama kuponya-luso lakuya, nthawi zina losokoneza, lokhazikika nthawi zonse lolumikiza mitundu zana kuti igunde pepala limodzi losakhululuka. Izo siziri chabe za sera.
