Iyo wunvise 'icyuma cya porojeri yatewe inshinge' cyangwa MIM, ikibanza ako kanya akenshi kiba kijyanye nimiterere igoye, ubunini bwinshi, hamwe nubumaji bwa net. Ariko kuba narabaye hafi ibice biva kumurongo wo guta umurongo ukajya mumateraniro yanyuma, buri gihe numvise inkuru nyayo atari isezerano ryagatabo. Ari muburyo bwo kwihanganira ibintu bifata ibikoresho biri munsi ya 10mm, cyangwa kurwanya kugoreka icyaha mugice kirekire, cyoroshye cyo kubaga. Benshi cyane babifata nka swap itaziguye yo gutunganya cyangwa gushora imari, ninzira yihuse yo gutsindwa byemewe. Ukuri nuko, MIM yicaye mucyicaro cyayo - ifite imbaraga zidasanzwe iyo usobanukiwe nururimi rwibiryo, imbaraga zicyatsi, nubucucike bwa sinte, kandi bizwi ko utababarira mugihe utabikora.
Amavuta ntabwo ari urupapuro rwihariye
Urabona igishushanyo guhamagara 17-4PH kitagira umwanda. Bisanzwe, sibyo? Muri gushiramo ifu y'icyuma, niho hagaragara icyemezo cya mbere igiti. Ifu ya morfologiya-ifatika, hafi-ya serefegitura, yuzuye icyogajuru-igira ingaruka itaziguye uburyo binder itose, ari nako itegeka ubwiza bwamatungo yawe. Nabonye imishinga ihagaze kuko ifu, nubwo ikosora imiti, yari ifite ubucucike bwa robine butera ibibazo byububiko, biganisha kubusa byagaragaye nyuma yo gucumura. Ntabwo ari ibya chimie gusa; bijyanye nimyitwarire yumubiri yiyo poro yihariye itangwa nuwabitanze.
Aha niho hambere mugukora ibyuma byagutse ni ntagereranywa. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka mirongo yo gukina no gutunganya CNC, byabona ibi muburyo bwimbitse. Bazi ko ibikoresho atari icyemezo gusa; ni imyitwarire. Ubunararibonye bwabo hamwe nudusimba twihariye mugushora imari, nkibindi bishingiye kuri nikel, bisobanura gusobanukirwa byimbitse uburyo ibinyobwa bisa bishobora kugabanuka no kugabanuka mugihe MIM yacumuye. Ubwo bumenyi bwambukiranya ni zahabu.
Kandi kuvuga gucumura, ikirere nikintu cyose. Igice cya 316L gisaba kurwanya ruswa irashobora kwangizwa nikirere gikungahaye kuri karubone nkeya, kigakora karubide ya chromium kandi ikica passivasi yacyo. Ntabwo uri guteka igice gusa; urimo gucunga neza uburyo bukomeye bwo gukwirakwiza. Itanura ry'itanura, ikime, ikime cya gazi - buri gihinduka gisiga igikumwe kuri microstructure ya nyuma. Nintambwe benshi bashya bataha agaciro, batekereza ko akazi gakomeye karangiye nyuma yo kubumba.
Gutanga: Umuzamu ucecetse
Niba ngomba kwerekana icyiciro kimwe aho imbaraga nyinshi za prototyping zitera-ibihingwa, biratesha agaciro. Biratinda, birangaye, kandi byunvikana nkuburyo bwo gufata. Ariko wihutire kuzenguruka ubushyuhe bwumuriro kugirango ubike umwanya, kandi uzabona ibihu cyangwa gucika nkuko binder igerageza gusohoka byihuse kuruta imyenge ishobora gufungura. Nisomo twize inzira igoye. Igice cyicyatsi nyuma yo kubumba gifite ubu buriganya bukomeye, ariko ahanini ni ugufata ibyo bice byicyuma muburyo bworoshye.
Catalitike yo kugaburira ibiryo bimwe nibindi bikoko. Irasaba acide yihariye no kugenzura. Igiciro cyo gushiraho no kugikora bituma bitamenyekana kubice bito, bisunika abantu muburyo bwubushyuhe. Ugomba gushushanya igice hamwe nuburinganire bwurukuta rumwe kuva utangiye, ntabwo nkibitekerezo, kugirango wemererwe gukuraho. Umuyoboro mwinshi kuruhande rwa flange yoroheje ni uburyo bwo guhangayikishwa no kunanirwa muri iki cyiciro.
Ndibuka ikintu gito gihuza, wenda garama 5, cyakomeje gucika. Igishushanyo cyari gifite imbavu zo kwisiga zifite umubyimba muto. Ntabwo cyari ikibazo cyimikorere, ariko mugusiba, cyakoze nkurugomero. Twagombaga guhindura umwirondoro wubushyuhe, twongera amasaha kumuzenguruko, gusa kubintu bimwe. Uku nukuri - igishushanyo mbonera gitegeka inzira nkuko inzira itegeka igice.
Aho MIM Yatsinze Byukuri Imashini & Casting
Reka dushyire mu bikorwa. Kuburyo bworoshye bufite imyobo itatu, gutunganya CNC cyangwa no gushiraho kashe bizatsinda kubiciro buri gihe. Ahantu heza kuri gushiramo ifu y'icyuma ni igice gisaba imashini nyinshi zashizweho, ibikorwa bya kabiri, cyangwa bifite geometrike idashobora kugereranywa nububiko bukomeye. Tekereza akantu gato gashizwemo amagufwa hamwe ningorabahizi zingirakamaro hamwe nu munsi, cyangwa ibikoresho byimbunda bifite imiyoboro yimbere.
Nibihuzagurika hamwe nisi ya QSY. Barabikora Igikonoshwa na gushora imari. Kubice binini, bitagoranye mubice byinshi, gukina ni umwami. Ariko iyo ugereranije kugeza munsi yibice munsi, vuga, garama 100, hamwe nibisobanuro bisaba ± 0.3% kwihanganira nkuko byacumuye, MIM itangira gukurura imbere. Ntabwo ari uguhiganwa; ni portfolio. Uruganda rutanga byombi rwumva igikoresho cyo gukoresha akazi. Igice cyo gushora imari gishobora gukenera CNC kurangiza, mugihe igice cya MIM cyakozwe neza gishobora gukenera ubutaka bumwe gusa cyangwa umwobo wahinduwe.
Guhuza ibikoresho ni indi ntsinzi. Iyo utangiriye kumatungo amwe, igice cyacumuye ni isotropic mumiterere yacyo. Nta cyerekezo cyo gutembera ingano nko mu gutunganya, nta ngaruka zo kugabanuka kwagabanutse nko muri casting niba amarembo adatunganye. Kubice birimo guhura nibyerekezo byinshi, iyi ninyungu nyamukuru yo gushushanya.
Imitekerereze ya Tooling: Ntabwo ari plastike
Uyu ni umutego wa kera. Ba injeniyeri bafite uburambe bwo gutera inshinge bareba MIM bagatekereza, Turashobora kuyikoresha kimwe. Kugabanuka ni itandukaniro ryabicanyi. Kugabanuka kwa plastike birashoboka ko 0.5-2%. MIM gucumura kugabanuka ni 15-20%, kandi ntabwo ari umurongo mwiza. Urimo gushushanya igikoresho cyibanze cyane cyane cyapimwe igice cyanyuma, ariko ikintu cyo gupima ntabwo ari kimwe mubipimo byose. Biterwa nuduce duto duto mugihe cyo kubumba no kwirinda mugihe cyo gucumura.
Kwambara ibikoresho nabyo biratandukanye. Ibyo byuma byangiza ifu bizangirika ibyuma mugihe, cyane cyane mumfuruka no mumarembo yoroheje. Ukeneye ibyuma bikomeye byuma, gusya neza, kandi rimwe na rimwe, ushushanya kubikoresho bigufi ubuzima kuva mugitangira kugirango ube mwinshi cyane, uteganya kuvugurura. Nigiciro cyigishoro gikeneye kugabanywa neza. Igikoresho gihenze kizatanga ibice bihendutse, bidahuye binanirwa QC, guta ibikoresho byose hamwe nibikorwa byamanutse.
Gucuruza nabyo birakomeye. Ntabwo ukora gusa ikirere; urimo guhangana numwuka ugerageza guhunga unyuze muburiri bwuzuye ifu. Umuyaga udahagije uganisha ku gutwika, kurasa bigufi, no gutandukana kwinshi. Nibimwe mubisobanuro wiga gusa nukubona amafuti magana make hamwe no guhuza ibishushanyo mbonera (bigora ifu) hamwe nubusembwa bwacumuye.
Kwishyira hamwe hamwe nukuri-kwisi yo gutanga amasoko
Wamenye neza inzira. Urashobora gukora icyiza, muri-spec igice cya MIM. Noneho iki? Ni gake cyane ijya mu cyuho. Iraterana. Aha niho reberi ihurira n'umuhanda. Ibikoresho byakozwe na MIM birashobora gukenera gushiramo imashini ya CNC. Ubuso bwo kurangiza igice cya MIM cyacumuye ni cyiza, ariko ntabwo buri gihe gikwiranye na kashe ifite imbaraga. Urashobora gukenera gucika intege, kurangiza kunyeganyega, cyangwa guhitamo icyapa.
Izi nimbaraga zabatanga serivise yuzuye. Reba icyitegererezo cya QSY: bafite Imashini ya CNC mu nzu. Ibyo bivuze ko igice cya MIM gishobora gucumurwa, hanyuma ugahita ujya kuri sitasiyo ya CNC kugirango bore ikomeye kugirango ihangane cyane, cyangwa kugirango datum isya isya kugirango ihuze inteko. Uku guhuza guhagaritse gukemura ikibazo cyambere cyamaboko hagati yinzu ya MIM nu iduka ryimashini, aho kwihanganira ibintu hamwe no gutinda byica inyungu.
Igenzura ryiza naryo rikeneye iyi mitekerereze ihuriweho. Ntabwo ukora gusa CMM kugenzura igice cyacumuye. Urimo gukora igenzura ryinshi (akenshi ukoresheje uburyo bwa Archimedes), isesengura rya micrografi yo kwikinisha, no kugerageza imashini. Ibyatanzwe muri ibi bizamini bisubira mu bipimo by'itanura ndetse no kugaburira amatungo. Nuburyo bufunze-sisitemu, kandi kumena iyo loop mugutanga intambwe zingenzi akenshi bisenya guhuza.
Ibitekerezo Byanyuma: Inzira, Ntabwo ari Panacea
Kurangiza ibi, gushiramo ifu y'icyuma ntabwo ari amasasu. Ninzira isaba, ishora imari ihemba ubumenyi bwimbitse bwibintu no kugenzura neza. Agaciro kayo ntabwo kari muburyo buhendutse, ariko muburyo bwonyine bushoboka kurwego runaka rwibice. Ibigo byatsinze hamwe nabyo, uko mbibona, nibyo bitabona ko ari amayeri yihariye, ariko nkigikoresho kimwe mubikoresho byuzuye byo gukora - nkukuntu QSY ishyira casting, imashini, ndetse no kwaguka, ubushobozi bwa MIM hamwe.
Ejo hazaza? Ari muri poro nziza kugirango irangire neza, muburyo bwihuse bwo kugabanuka, no muri software yigana ikomeye. Ariko ikibazo cyibanze gikomeza kuba kimwe: gucunga urugendo rwifu yicyuma kiva mumatungo arekuye, atemba agana mubintu byuzuye, byuzuye-byuzuye bya metallurgjiya. Intambwe yose, uhereye kubishushanyo mbonera kugeza ku ziko, ni ihuriro mumurongo. Kandi nkuko abimenyereza bose babizi, urunigi rukomeye gusa nkurunani rwarwo rwunvikana neza.
Numurima ushimishije neza kuko utigeze ukemurwa. Buri gice gishya cya geometrie, buri kintu gishya gisabwa, ni puzzle nshya. Kandi nibyo nibyo bituma itaba umurongo wumusaruro gusa - burigihe igice cya siyanse, ibihangano byigice, hamwe nububiko bwinshi bwo gukemura ibibazo.
