Iyo wunvise 'ifu yifu ya metallurgie', ishusho ihita iba iyambere, imashini zikoresha zikuramo ibice byuzuye, bigoye. Iyo ni verisiyo y'agatabo. Ukuri, cyane cyane iyo urimo gushakisha cyangwa kwinjiza ibyo bice mumateraniro manini, ni messier. Nibijyanye no gusobanukirwa aho imbaraga nyazo ziri - atari mubucumuro bwa nyuma gusa, ahubwo mubiranga ifu, sisitemu yo guhuza, hamwe nibikorwa bya kabiri byirengagizwa. Benshi bibwira ko ari iduka rimwe-ryibice bigize net-shusho, ariko bakirengagiza uruhare rukomeye rwimashini nyuma yo gucumura cyangwa gucengera. Itandukaniro riri hagati yo gutegereza no gushyira mubikorwa niho imishinga myinshi isitara.
Ifu ubwayo: Aho ibintu byose bitangirira kandi bishobora kugenda nabi
Byose bitangirana no kugaburira. Ntushobora kuvuga ifu y'icyuma metallurgie utabonye granular kubyerekeye ifu. Nabonye imishinga igaragaza ifu rusange idafite ibyuma gusa kugirango ihure no kugabanuka kwicyaha hamwe nintambara. Ingano yubunini bwo gukwirakwiza, morphologie (spherical vs. irregular), hamwe no gutembera ntabwo ari spes gusa kuri datasheet; bategeka icyatsi kibisi kandi, amaherezo, ubunyangamugayo bwigice. Umuntu utanga isoko yigeze kutwoherereza icyiciro cya 316L yifu isa neza ariko ifite ogisijeni nyinshi. Ingaruka nyuma yo gucumura? Kwinjiza no gupima ubuso. Twize inzira igoye ko cert ari nziza, ariko rimwe na rimwe ukenera igenzura ryawe bwite, cyane cyane kubikorwa bikomeye.
Aha niho ubufatanye bwigihe kirekire bwibintu bifite akamaro. Isosiyete nka Ikoranabuhanga rya Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY), hamwe nimyaka 30 yimyaka yabo mugukina no gutunganya amavuta yihariye, asobanukirwa imyitwarire yibintu kurwego rwibanze. Mugihe bazwiho gushora imari, ubwo bumenyi bwimbitse busobanura. Iyo batanze ifu ya a ifu y'icyuma metallurgie umushinga-vuga, kubintu bya nikel bishingiye kuri superalloy-ntabwo bagura ibicuruzwa gusa; barimo kubisuzuma birwanya umurage wo kumenya uko ibyuma bitwara munsi yubushyuhe na stress. Icyo gitekerezo ni ntagereranywa.
Guhitamo hagati yamazi-atomize na gaz-atomize ifu nubundi buryo bwo guhamagarira urubanza. Gazi-atomize ikunda kuba nyinshi, itemba neza kugirango yuzuze urupfu, kandi akenshi itanga ibyiza byanyuma. Ariko bihenze cyane. Kubice byinshi, bidakomeye igice cyubatswe, amazi-atomize arashobora kuba ahagije kandi agabanya ikiguzi kuburyo bugaragara. Nubu bwoko bwubucuruzi butandukanya igishushanyo mbonera nigikorwa cyakozwe, cyigiciro cyinshi.
Kuva Kwiyegereza Kugera: Gukora-cyangwa-Kumena Icyiciro
Kwiyunvikana bisa nkaho byoroshye: kanda ifu mu rupfu. Ariko uburinganire bwo gukwirakwiza igitutu nubuhanzi bwijimye. Ibice byinshi-urwego rufite uburebure bugaragara burazwi cyane kuri gradients. Twigeze kugira ihuriro ry'ibikoresho aho flange yari itunganye, ariko agace ko hagati kari munsi yubucucike, bigatuma habaho kunanirwa gukoreshwa. Igisubizo ntabwo cyari imashini yo hejuru ya tonnage; byari bishushanyijeho ibikoresho hamwe nibice byinshi hamwe nifu ya poweri-ibiryo byahinduwe. Yiyongereye kubikoresho byo gukoresha ariko ikiza igice.
Gucumura niho ubumaji-n'ubwoba-bibera. Umwuka w'itanura ni byose. Hafi ya stoichiometry muri hydrogène-azote ivanze irashobora kuganisha kuri decarburisation, cyangwa, bibi, gufata karubone mubice byibyuma. Gucumura Vacuum biratangaje kubikoresho bifatika nka titanium cyangwa ayo mavuta adasanzwe QSY ikorana, ariko ni inzira yibanda cyane. Igipimo cyo hejuru, gushiramo ubushyuhe, hamwe no gukonjesha byose biva muburambe, ntabwo ari umurongo wigitabo gusa. Ndibuka igice cyibice bya cobalt-chrome byateje imbere micro-crack kuko igipimo cyo gukonjesha cyari gikaze cyane kuri sisitemu yihariye ya binder twakoresheje. Gukuramo uruziga byatwaye andi matanura atatu hamwe no guhuza byinshi hamwe namakuru yatanzwe nifu.
Birakwiye kandi kumenya ko gucumura gake bitanga net-shusho nyayo. Hama hariho impinduka zingana. Gutegereza no gushushanya ibyo kwihanganira icyaha ni ngombwa. Rimwe na rimwe, ugamije sinter-forge imiterere aho ugabanije nkana hanyuma ugahindura. Ibindi bihe, urateganya gusa gutunganya. Nibihuza bisanzwe mubigo bihuza inzira. Igice gishobora gukorwa binyuze ifu y'icyuma metallurgie kubikorwa byayo neza kandi hafi-net imiterere, hanyuma yoherejwe kubisobanuro Imashini ya CNC kugera kubwihanganirane bwa nyuma kuri bore diameter cyangwa insanganyamatsiko. Nuburyo bwo gukora buvanze bwumvikana cyane.
Uruhare rukomeye rwibikorwa bya kabiri
Ibi birashoboka ko aribwo buryo bukomeye bwo kwibeshya. Abantu batekereza ko igice kiva mu itanura rya sinter ryiteguye kohereza. Hafi ya. Ibice byinshi bisaba ubunini cyangwa igiceri - igikorwa cya nyuma cyo gukanda kugirango gikubite ibipimo bifatika. Abandi bakeneye kuvura amavuta kugirango barwanye okiside hejuru yibice bishingiye ku byuma. Kuri porogaramu zisaba gukomera, nkibikoresho bya hydraulic, resin impregnation nintambwe isanzwe ariko yoroheje. Fata urwego rwa vacuum nabi mubyumba byo gutera akabariro, kandi kashe ntishobora kwinjira mubutaka bwuzuye.
Noneho hariho gutunganya. Ibikoresho byacumuye birashobora gutesha agaciro kandi bigahagarika gukata, bigoye kubikoresho. Ukeneye amanota meza ya karbide kandi agaburira / umuvuduko. Umufatanyabikorwa ufite imbaraga Imashini ya CNC ubuhanga, nkibyo wasanga muri firime ifite umwirondoro wa QSY, ifite akarusho hano. Ntabwo basezerana gusa gutunganya imashini; basobanukiwe nuburyo microstructure yacumuye izitwara munsi yigikoresho cyo gutema. Bazi ko igice gishobora kugira ubucucike buke bushobora gutera kuganira, kandi barashobora gukora progaramu nibikoresho.
Kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gucumura ni urundi rwego. Byakozwe kugirango uzamure imitungo, ariko ugomba kwitonda kugirango udatera kugoreka igice kimaze gucumurwa muburyo busobanutse. Ikibazo cyo gukomera ibyuma byacumuye bisaba kugenzura neza kugirango wirinde amenyo. Nibikorwa byahujwe nyuma yimikorere isobanura neza imikorere yikigice.
Gukoresha ibikoresho: Iyo Powder Metallurgie ihuye nubuhanga bwo gukina
Iyi ni inguni ishimishije. Mugihe ifu y'icyuma metallurgie no gushora imari bikunze kugaragara nkibikorwa byo guhatana, hariho ubufatanye mubumenyi bwibintu. Byombi bivuga kubyuma biva muburyo bwa granular cyangwa bishongeshejwe, bigakurikirwa no gukomera / gucumura. Isosiyete ishingiye ku gushora imari ya nikel hamwe na cobalt ishingiye ku mavuta afite ibyiyumvo byimbitse, hafi ya byose byimbitse byerekana uburyo aya mavuta yitabira ibihe byumuriro, imyitwarire yabo yo kugabanuka, hamwe nibikoresho bya nyuma bya mashini.
Ubu bumenyi bushobora kwimurwa mu buryo butaziguye. Iyo isosiyete nkiyi isuzuma a ifu y'icyuma metallurgie umushinga kubintu byubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, ntabwo bitangirira kuri zeru. Bashobora kubaza ibibazo byiza: Ese idirishya ryinshyi rya poro ryakira imiterere ya gamma primaire dukeneye muri iyi nikel? cyangwa Ukurikije ubunararibonye bwa casting hamwe nibintu bisa, ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma ya sinter buzahindura imirwanyasuri? Ibi ntabwo ari abstract; ikoreshwa metallurgie. Kubakiriya, gukorana nuwabitanze ufite ubu buryo bwambukiranya ubushishozi bugabanya ingaruka zicyiciro cyiterambere.
Nabonye iyi ikinamico hamwe nibikoresho bya sisitemu igoye. Igishushanyo mbonera cyasabye gushora imari, ariko kubice bimwe na bimwe bifite imiyoboro y'imbere, ifu y'icyuma metallurgie Binyuze mu gutera inshinge (MIM) byatanze igisubizo cyiza kuburyo bugoye no gutunganya bike. Uwatanze isoko asanzwe yubuvanganzo ubwabwo yatumye inzira yinzibacyuho hamwe niterambere ryibintu byoroha cyane.
Ibitekerezo bifatika hamwe nigiciro cyukuri
Reka tuvuge imibare nubunini. Igiciro kinini cyo gukoresha ibikoresho byo guhuza cyangwa MIM molds bisobanura ifu y'icyuma metallurgie ni umukino w'ijwi. Ntibisanzwe byumvikana kuri prototypes cyangwa ikora mumajana. Ukeneye ibihumbi, akenshi ibihumbi mirongo, kugirango ugabanye igiciro cyambere. Nyamara, gukoresha ibikoresho ni byiza, akenshi birenga 95%, ibyo kubiguzi bihenze ni kuzigama cyane ugereranije no gutunganya ibigega.
Igihe cyo kuyobora ni ikindi kintu. Mugihe igihe cyinzira kuri buri gice ari kigufi, igikoresho cyo gushushanya, guhimba, no guteza imbere inzira bifata amezi. Ntabwo ari igisubizo cyihuse. Urafunzwe kandi muburyo bumwe ibikoresho bimaze gukorwa. Igishushanyo mbonera, niyo gito, gishobora gusobanura ibikoresho bihenze guhindura cyangwa ibintu bishya bipfa. Ibi bisaba urwego rwo hejuru rwo gushushanya gukura imbere, bivuguruzanya na modern iterate yihuta. Ihatira ubundi bwoko bwa disipulini.
Hanyuma, kugenzura ubuziranenge biragaragara. Ntabwo ari ubugenzuzi bwa nyuma. Ugomba gukurikirana ifu yifu, icyatsi kibisi uburemere / ubucucike, ibiti byo mu kirere byinjira, hamwe no kugenzura ibipimo kuri buri cyiciro. Imbonerahamwe yo kugenzura ibishushanyo ninshuti yawe magara. Ninzira ihemba ubudahwema kandi ihana guhinduka. Niyo mpamvu gushaka umufatanyabikorwa ufite umuco ushinze imizi wo kugenzura ibikorwa - ubwoko bwubatswe mu myaka mirongo, nko mu kigo cy’inganda kimaze imyaka 30 - ntabwo ari byiza-kugira; ni ngombwa kubintu byose birenze ibyingenzi byacumuye.
