Reka tuvugishe ukuri, iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'guta ibishashara bishashara', bashushanya umunyabukorikori wenyine witonze ashushanya igishushanyo cy’ibishashara mbere yuko kizimira mu mwotsi w’umwotsi kugirango gisimburwe nicyuma kimurika. Iyo shusho yurukundo ni igice cyinkuru, ariko ukuri kwinganda-icyo twita gushora imari—Ni ballet ya chimie, yuzuye, kandi akenshi itesha umutwe chimie, thermodynamic, hamwe no kwihangana gukabije. Igitekerezo kinini cyane? Ko aribintu byoroshye, intambwe imwe 'yatakaye ibishashara'. Ntabwo aribyo. Ni urunigi, kandi buri muhuza, uhereye ku gishashara cyambere kugeza ku iherezo rya nyuma, ni ingingo ishobora gutsindwa. Nabonye abaterankunga benshi bavanywe mu kirere gito cyo mu kirere cyafatiwe mu gikonoshwa ceramic kuruta inenge iyo ari yo yose. Aho niho imirimo nyayo ibera.
Igishashara ni Intangiriro
Umuntu wese yitaye ku gishashara, kandi byanze bikunze, birakomeye. Ariko ubwoko bw'ibishashara? Ntabwo ari ibishashara byo gushushanya. Dukoresha ibishashara byashizwemo injeniyeri, ibivanze byateganijwe kugipimo cyihariye cyo kugabanuka, ibirimo ivu, hamwe no gukomera. Ahantu nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka yabo mumikino, bazagira isomero ryibishashara kubikorwa bitandukanye. Ikirere cyoroshye cyane cyo mu kirere gikenera urujya n'uruza rutandukanye n'umubiri ukomeye wa valve. Kubona ibipimo byo guterwa nabi hano - ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, igihe cyizuba - bivuze uburyo bugoreka nyuma. Kandi kugoreka kurwego rwibishashara bigwira mugice cyanyuma cyicyuma. Namenye ko inzira igoye hakiri kare, itanga icyiciro cyibikoresho bitagaragara neza; yabikurikiranye asubira mu gishashara gikonje buhoro buhoro mu rupfu.
Inteko ishushanya, cyangwa 'igiti', nubundi buhanzi budashyigikiwe. Ntabwo ari ugufata ibice by'ibishashara gusa. Urimo gutegura sisitemu yo kugaburira ibyuma bishongeshejwe. Uburyo werekeza ibice, diameter yabiruka, gushyira amarembo - ibi byose bitegeka gukomera. Kwinjira nabi biganisha ku kugabanuka kwimyanya, inenge zimbere zishobora kugaragara gusa muri X-ray. Ndibuka umushinga wo gutwara pompe muri duplex ibyuma bidafite ibyuma aho twakomeje kubona porotike muri hub. Twongeye gushushanya igishashara, twongeraho imiyoboro ntoya, igaburira imiyoboro, kandi irahanagura neza. Nibi byahinduwe, byavutse kunanirwa, bitandukanya iduka ryakazi ninzobere.
Noneho haza ikote ryibanze, ceramic yambere. Ibi ntabwo ari ibintu bisanzwe. Igishishwa, kivanze nifu ya silika nziza na binder, igomba guhanagura ibishashara neza kugirango ifate buri kantu. Agace gatoya kanyerera ntikwizirika ngo kibe 'fins' cyangwa igituba kuri casting. Stucco, cyangwa umucanga wangiritse, ikoreshwa ako kanya nyuma. Ingano ya grit yiyi kote yambere niyo nziza-niyo iguha ubuso burangije. Njye namaze amasaha hamwe na microscope ngereranya ifu ya zircon na silika yahujwe na silika ya kote yambere mugice gisaba Ra 3.2 microinch kurangiza. Guhitamo bifite akamaro.
Inyubako ya Shell: Ikizamini cyo Kwihangana
Kubaka igikonoshwa ni marato, ntabwo ari kwiruka. Ukoresha ikote nyuma yikoti, uhinduranya hagati ya slurry na buhoro buhoro coarser stucco (nka aluminosilicate), ukareka buri cyiciro cyumye rwose mubidukikije. Ubushuhe ni umwanzi hano. Ubushyuhe bwinshi butinda gukama, biganisha ku ntege nke. Byihuse cyane, kandi ubona uduce. Dufite intego kuri 7 kugeza kuri 9 mubisanzwe, ariko kubikoresho binini byo guteramo ibyuma, birashobora kuba 12 cyangwa birenga. Buri cyiciro cyongeramo ubunini nimbaraga zo guhangana nigitutu cya ferrostatike yicyuma gishongeshejwe. Nagize ibisasu birananirana - icyago gikomeye mugihe cyo gusuka - kubera ko twanyarukaga mugihe cyizuba kumunsi wizuba. Isomo rihenze mukubaha inzira.
Dewaxing niho izina 'ryatakaye' ryaturutse, kandi ni icyiciro cyubugizi bwa nabi. Ntabwo dushonga ibishashara buhoro buhoro. Uburyo busanzwe ni autoclave dewaxing: igikonoshwa gikorerwa amavuta yumuvuduko mwinshi, ashyushya vuba ibishashara, bigatuma waguka kandi ugasohoka. Niba igikonyo kitumye neza, umuvuduko wamazi urashobora kuyihuha usibye imbere. Ubundi, flash fire dewaxing - guta igishishwa mu itanura rishyushye - birihuta ariko bishobora guteza akaga. Intego ni ugusiga icyuho cyuzuye ceramic. Ivu ryibishashara risigaye rishobora kwanduza icyuma nyuma.
Nyuma yo kumera, igikonoshwa kirasa mu ziko ku bushyuhe bwinshi, akenshi hafi 1000 ° C. Ibi bikora ibintu bibiri: bitwika ibimenyetso byose byanyuma byibishashara cyangwa binder, kandi bigacumura ibice bya ceramic hamwe, bigakora ifu ikomeye, yemewe yiteguye gusuka. Gahunda yo kurasa ni ngombwa. Kuzamuka vuba, kandi guhagarika ubushyuhe bimena igikonoshwa. Igikonoshwa cyarashwe kiroroshye ariko ntigishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe. Urabikemura hamwe nubwoko bwicyubahiro.
Gusuka, Guhinda umushyitsi, n'umwanya w'ukuri
Gusuka nigice gitangaje. Ifumbire, iracyashyushye kuva mu itanura, ishyirwa mumashanyarazi yuzuyemo umucanga kugirango ubone inkunga. Icyuma - vuga, a nikel ku cyuma cya turbine - gishongeshwa mu itanura rya vacuum cyangwa induction kugirango ubushyuhe bukabije. Isuka igomba kwihuta kandi ikomeza kugirango wirinde gukonja. Urabona umwuzure wicyuma mubikombe, hanyuma ni umukino wo gutegereza uko ukomeye. Igikonoshwa cyumuriro gikora muburyo butaziguye imiterere yicyuma. Niyo mpamvu resept ya ceramic yihariye cyane kubishingwe byinshi.
Iyo bimaze gukonja, igihe kirageze cyo guhungabana. Izi ni brute imbaraga zihura na finesse. Uvunagura igikonoshwa kure, mubisanzwe ufite inyundo ya pneumatike cyangwa ameza yinyeganyeza. Ni akazi gakomeye, ivumbi. Igisigaye ni igiti cyicyuma, gitwikiriwe neza. Ibice byaciwe kumurongo wo hagati ukoresheje ibiziga byangiza cyangwa ibiti. Nubwambere ubonye rwose casting mbisi. Ibyiyumvo iyo ubonye uburyo busukuye, bwuzuye nibigaragara neza. Ibyiyumvo iyo ubonye igice cyabuze cyangwa kugabanuka gukabije? Ubwoba.
Isuku yambere irimo guturika umucanga cyangwa gusukura imiti kugirango ukureho ibice byanyuma. Hanyuma ubugenzuzi buratangira. Kugenzura ibipimo, kugenzura amashusho kubusembwa bwubuso, gupima irangi ryinjira kubice. Kubice byingenzi, nkibi QSY itanga kugirango ikoreshwe mubice byanyuma, wimukira kuri radiografiya (X-ray) cyangwa ibizamini bya ultrasonic kugirango ubone inenge zimbere. Aha niho hacirwa intambwe zambere. Ihuriro ryibintu byinshi kuri firime ya X-ray birashobora gukurikiranwa kukibazo cyibishashara cyangwa inenge yo gushushanya kuva muminsi yashize.
Kuki Atigera Yerekana Gukina
Dore ikintu kijyanye na kijyambere ibishashara: ni gake iherezo ryumurongo. Igice-nkicyiciro ni hafi-net-shusho yubusa. Kugirango ikore, hafi buri gihe ikenera gutunganya. Aha niho kwishyira hamwe bifite akamaro. Uruganda rwumva gutunganya ni zahabu. Bazashushanya casting hamwe no gutunganya datum mu mutwe, bongereho amafaranga make ariko ahagije, kandi batekereze ku ngingo zifatika. Icyitegererezo cya QSY cyo gutanga ishoramari hamwe na Imashini ya CNC munsi y'inzu imwe birumvikana neza. Barashobora guterera 17-4PH ibyuma bitagira umuyonga umubiri ufite kashe ya kashe isigaye nkuwashizweho, bazi neza umubare wabyo ugomba gusiga inganda zabo za CNC kugirango urangire Ra 0.8 neza. Ikuraho urutoki-hagati yintoki zitandukanye hamwe namaduka yimashini.
Guhitamo ibikoresho nabyo ni ngombwa mubikorwa. Gutera ishoramari indashyikirwa hamwe na alloys bigoye gukora imashini. Nibyiza cyane gutera ishusho igoye kuva Inconel 718 kuruta kuyikora kuva kumutwe. Imyanda itunganijwe ni nto. Kubice bito cyane, nkibice bya golf cyangwa imitwe y amenyo, bakoresha ibishashara byinshi-bipfa gupfa no guteranya ibiti byikora. Kubijyanye nubunini buke, ibice binini - tekereza inzu imwe ya pompe yo gukora ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro - birashobora kuba igiti giteranijwe n'intoki uhereye ku gishushanyo cyakozwe hakoreshejwe prototyping yihuse. Igipimo gipima, ariko amahame yibanze ntahinduka.
Nabonye amaduka agerageza guca inguni - gukoresha inshuro nyinshi, kugabanya igihe cyo kumisha, gusiba isesengura ryuzuye ryumuriro ku gishushanyo gishya. Burigihe burigihe busubira inyuma, bikavamo igipimo cyinshi cyo gusiba gihanagura amafaranga yose yazigamye. Ibigo bimara, kimwe nabafite imyaka 30 yamateka, bumva ko ari sisitemu. Nukugenzura amajana ahinduka kugirango ugere kumurongo. Ntabwo ari amarozi; ni ubwitonzi, rimwe na rimwe kurambirwa, kugenzura.
Ibitekerezo byanyuma: Inzira yo Kunonosorwa
Noneho, ibishashara bishashara, cyangwa gushora imari, ntabwo ari tekinike imwe. Ni urwego. Ibishashara ni intangiriro, ariko sisitemu ya ceramic shell ni umutima wukuri, kandi metallurgie nubugingo. Intsinzi iri muburyo ucunga imikoranire hagati yabo. Ninzira ikwiranye ningorabahizi, kuri alloys iseka ibikoresho byo gukata, hamwe na progaramu aho imikorere isumba byose.
Kuri ba injeniyeri bashushanya igice gishya, inama ntagusabye nukuvugana na fondasiyo yawe hakiri kare. Nturungike gusa moderi ya CAD yanyuma kugirango uvuge. Mubashishikarize muburyo bwo gukora-ibyiciro. Umushinga muto uhindura inguni, guhinduranya radiyo yoroheje, cyangwa irembo ryimuwe birashobora gusobanura itandukaniro riri hagati yumusaruro wa 95% numusaruro wa 70%. Ubuhanga ku ruganda rwahujwe ntabwo ari ugusuka ibyuma gusa; ni mukuyobora urunigi rwose kuva ibishashara kugeza ibikoresho byakozwe neza.
Mukurangiza, ibiva mubutaka bwa ceramic yamenetse birenze ibyuma. Ni indunduro y'urukurikirane rurerure rw'intambwe igenzurwa, buri kimwe gishingiye ku cyanyuma. Iyo ikora, yunvikana nkibikorwa kandi bisa na alchemy, yinjijwe mugeragezwa, ikosa, hamwe na grit yegeranijwe. Ngiyo inkuru nyayo inyuma yibishashara.
