Nigute wasuzuma ibyatakaye bya Wax Yatanze: Ubushobozi, Ubwiza, hamwe na Traceability 

Guhitamo ibishashara byatakaye bitanga gake ni icyemezo cyoroshye cyo kugura. Ku bashinzwe gutanga amasoko hamwe n’abayobozi bashinzwe gutanga amasoko, ingaruka nyazo ntabwo ari igiciro gito cyo hejuru - ni isoko ritanga irushanwa ku mpapuro ariko ntirishobora guhuza ibipimo, ntirishobora kwerekana ibyubahirizwa ryibintu, cyangwa ntirishobora gukurikirana icyiciro gifite inenge ku mpamvu yabyo. Iyo igice cyo gushora igice cyananiranye murwego, ikiguzi gipimirwa kumurongo wumusaruro wamanutse, gukora, gutwara ibicuruzwa byihuse, no gutakaza ikizere kubakiriya bawe bwite.

Aka gatabo gatanga uburyo bufatika bwo gusuzuma: ibipimo bitandatu byubushobozi, urutonde rwiteguye-gukoresha-urutonde rwibibazo bya RFQ, uburyo bwo kwemeza icyitegererezo, hamwe nibimenyetso byo kuburira bitandukanya uwatanze isoko wizewe nibizatera ibibazo amezi atandatu mubikorwa.

6 Ibipimo byo gusuzuma Isoko ryatakaye

Gusuzuma ibishashara byatakaye bitanga isoko ntibigomba gutangirana nigiciro. Igomba gutangirana niba ibahasha nyirizina itanga ubushobozi ihuye nibisabwa igice cyawe. Ibipimo bitandatu bikurikira bikubiyemo uturere twinshi twatsinzwe.

Urwego rwubushobozi

Ikibazo cya mbere ntabwo "bashobora guta iki gice?" ariko "barashobora guterera iki gice inshuro nyinshi, mubyihanganirana, mubunini?"

Ibishashara byatakaye, byitwa kandi gushora imari, birashobora gutanga umusaruro geometrike igoye hamwe n'ibice by'imbere, urukuta ruto, hamwe n'ubuso bwiza busaba ubundi gukora imashini nini. Umuntu utanga isoko arashobora kwihanganira muri rusange urwego rwa CT4 - CT6 kandi akagera kubutaka bwa Ra 3.2-6.3 mm kuri as-cast, bigabanya ibiciro byo gutunganya hasi no kuyobora igihe.

Icyangombwa mugihe cyo gusuzuma ni ukumenya niba utanga isoko ashobora kuvuga neza imipaka kandi akayerekana hamwe namakuru yubugenzuzi bwamateka - atari niba bavuga ko "bakora neza." Baza byumwihariko:

• Nubuhe bunini buto bwurukuta ushobora guteramo ibyuma mubyuma?
• Urashobora guterera imiyoboro y'imbere cyangwa ibice bisize amabara, kandi ni umuhengeri muto wa diameter?
• Ni ikihe cyiciro cyo kwihanganira wemeza ku bipimo, kandi ni ibihe bintu biranga?
• Urashobora guterera inyuguti nziza, umubare wigice, cyangwa ibirango muburyo butaziguye?

Utanga ibisubizo asubiza ibi bibazo numubare wihariye hamwe na raporo yubugenzuzi ikora hamwe nidirishya ryasobanuwe. Utanga ibisubizo bidasobanutse birashoboka ko yishingikiriza kubigeragezo no kwibeshya.

Gufata Ibikoresho

Gukwirakwiza ibikoresho niho ibibazo byinshi bituruka. Isosiyete yataye ibishashara yatakaye irashobora kwamamaza "ibyuma bidafite ingese" mugihe mubyukuri ufite uburambe buke hamwe nicyiciro cyihariye igishushanyo cyawe guhamagarira.

Ishoramari ryishoramari rishyigikira ibintu byinshi bivanze, birimo ibyuma bya karubone, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, duplex na super duplex ibyuma bidafite ibyuma, nikel ishingiye kuri nikel, cobalt, na titanium. Ariko ubushobozi bwo gushonga ibishishwa ntabwo bisa nubushobozi bwo kugenzura chimie nimyitwarire ya casting.

Ubushobozi bukomeye hano ni murugo kugenzura ibikoresho. Utanga isoko adafite spekrometrike yonyine ashingiye kumpapuro zurusyo kandi ntashobora kwemeza ko icyuma cyasutswe mubibumbano gihuye nibisobanuro. Kuri ibyuma bidafite ingese byatakaye ibishashara, ibi bifite akamaro cyane cyane muri serivisi yangirika cyangwa yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, aho gutandukana gato muri chromium, molybdenum, cyangwa karubone bishobora guhindura imikorere kuburyo bugaragara.

Mugihe cyo gusuzuma, wemeze:

• Nibihe alloy amanota utanga isoko yatanze mumezi 12 ashize, hamwe nurugero
• Niba utanga isoko akora isesengura ryinzu kuri buri bushyuhe
• Niba ibyemezo byibikoresho bitangwa kuri buri cyiciro cyangwa kuri numero yubushyuhe
• Uburyo utanga isoko akemura ibyifuzo byo gusimbuza amavuta kandi niba bisaba uruhushya rwanditse

Igikoresho na Igishashara Cyitegererezo

Igishashara ni umusingi wa casting yose. Niba ibishashara bidafite kwihanganira, nta mubare wo kugenzura ibintu bizagarura igice.

Igikoresho cyo kugenzura ibishashara n'ibishashara bikubiyemo ahantu henshi: gushushanya no guhimba, imicungire yubuzima, ibipimo byo gutera ibishashara, kugenzura imiterere, hamwe nubuziranenge bwo gusana. Utanga ibintu bifata igishashara cyibishashara nkibisanzwe azabyara castings hamwe na drift yimiterere igaragara gusa nyuma yo kuyikora.

Ingingo z'ingenzi zo gusuzuma:

• Nigute ubuzima bwububiko bukurikiranwa, kandi nikihe gihe cyasimbuwe?
• Buri gishashara cyarasuzumwe murwego, cyangwa cyatoranijwe gusa?
• Nibihe bipimo byemewe byo gusana ibishashara, kandi ninde ubikora?
• Nigute ubushyuhe bwo gutera ibishashara nigitutu bigenzurwa kandi bikandikwa?

Utanga isoko hamwe na politiki isobanutse yo gusimbuza ibimenyetso byerekana ko icunga ibikoresho nkumutungo ugenzurwa aho kuba inshuro imwe. Politiki yacu ni iyo kwishura ibikoresho rimwe kuri buri gice no gutanga uburyo bwo gusimbuza nta giciro cyinyongera cyibikoresho mugihe umwimerere ugeze ku iherezo ryubuzima - politiki ikwiye kwemezwa neza mugihe cya RFQ.

Ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubuziranenge hamwe ninyandiko zanditse

Ubushobozi bwo kugenzura bugaragaza niba inenge zafashwe mbere yo koherezwa cyangwa kuvumburwa nitsinda ryanyu rishinzwe kugenzura.

Ushobora gutanga ibishashara byatakaye agomba kuba afite byibura, ibikoresho byo kugenzura bipima (CMM cyangwa bihwanye), gupima ububobere buke, no kubona ibizamini bya mashini no kwipimisha bidasenya. Kuri Porogaramu zikomeyeKugenzura irangi ryinjira, kugenzura ibice bya magneti, cyangwa kugenzura amaradiyo.

Icyangombwa kimwe ni inyandiko. Raporo yambere yo kugenzura (FAI) raporo igomba kuba irimo indangagaciro zapimwe, ntabwo ari amanota gusa / gutsindwa. Raporo y'ibipimo igomba kwerekana igishushanyo mbonera. Raporo yikizamini cya mashini igomba kwerekana ibipimo byikizamini byakoreshejwe.

Saba kureba icyitegererezo cya raporo ya FAI na raporo yubugenzuzi bwa sample mbere yo gutanga itegeko. Imiterere kandi yuzuye yizi nyandiko irakubwira byinshi kubyerekeranye na sisitemu yubuziranenge yabatanga kurusha icyemezo cyemeza.

Sisitemu yo gukurikirana

Traceability nubushobozi bwo gusubiza ikibazo runaka: niba igice cyibice binaniwe, uwabitanze arashobora kumenya ubushyuhe bwicyuma, inshinge zishashara zikora, izihe shitingi zubaka, nizisuka zabigizemo uruhare?

Sisitemu yuzuye ya sisitemu yo guhuza:

• Umubare wubushyuhe bwibikoresho hamwe nicyemezo cyurusyo
• Ibishashara byerekana umusaruro
• Igikonoshwa cyubaka hamwe na dewaxing inyandiko
• Suka itariki, itanura, nuwabikora
• Gushyushya icyiciro hamwe nibipimo
• Ibisubizo byanyuma

Ku nganda nk'ikirere, ingufu, n'ubuvuzi, gukurikiranwa ni amasezerano asabwa. Kubikorwa rusange byinganda, biracyari itandukaniro hagati yuwabitanze ashobora kugufasha gukemura ikibazo nikindi gishobora gutanga icyiciro gisimburwa gusa.

Inkunga yubuhanga no gutumanaho neza

Ibipimo byanyuma akenshi usanga bidahabwa agaciro. Itsinda ryubwubatsi bwabatanga isoko ryerekana uburyo umushinga wawe ugenda neza kuva gushushanya ujya mubikorwa.

Inkunga ikomeye yubuhanga bivuze ko utanga isoko asubiramo igishushanyo cyawe mbere yo kuvuga, akerekana ibintu bishobora kugorana guta, byerekana igishushanyo mbonera kugabanya ikiguzi cyangwa kuzamura umusaruro, kandi itanga raporo ya DFM (igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukora) hamwe na cote. Bisobanura kandi ko utanga isoko asubiza ibibazo bya tekiniki hamwe nibintu aho kugurisha imvugo.

Mugihe cyo gusuzuma, witondere:

• Nigute byihuse kandi byumwihariko uwabitanze asubiza ibibazo bya tekiniki
• Niba amagambo yatanzwe arimo ibitekerezo bya DFM cyangwa ni igiciro gusa
• Ninde wahuza tekinike uzaba nyuma yo gutumiza
• Uburyo bwo guhindura igishushanyo gikemurwa kandi cyanditse

Utanga isoko atanga ibisobanuro birambuye bya DFM kurwego rwo gusubiramo yerekana ubujyakuzimu uzashingiraho mugihe cyo gukora.

Ibibazo 10 Ugomba Kubaza kuri Stage ya RFQ

Icyiciro cya RFQ nuburyo bwawe bwiza bwo kwerekana abatanga ibicuruzwa mbere yo gushora igihe mubitegererezo. Ibi bibazo icumi byateguwe kugirango habeho icyuho cyubushobozi bwihuse.

• Ni ikihe giciro cyawe cyo gukoresha, kandi ni ubuhe buryo bwo gusimbuza ibicuruzwa? Utanga ibicuruzwa yishyuza ibikoresho rimwe kandi agasimbuza ibishaje byambaye nta kiguzi cyinyongera ni ugucunga ibikoresho nkumutungo muremure. Utanga ibicuruzwa byishyuza buri cyasimbuwe gishobora kuba gitambutse kubiciro byo gufata neza.
• Urashobora gutanga icyemezo cyibikoresho na buri cyiciro, kandi ukora isesengura ryinzu? Ibi biremeza niba kugenzura ibintu ari inzira igenzurwa cyangwa imyitozo yo gukora impapuro.
• Nibihe bisanzwe ingingo yawe yambere icyitegererezo cyo kuyobora, kandi icyitegererezo kirimo iki? Igisubizo kigomba kuba gikubiyemo raporo yuzuye hamwe nicyemezo cyibikoresho, ntabwo ari igice cyumubiri gusa.
• Raporo yawe yambere yo kugenzura ikubiyemo iki? Shakisha indangagaciro zapimwe, gushushanya gusubiramo, no kumenya ibipimo bikomeye.
• Nigute ushobora gukora ibice bidahuye (NCR ikora)? Inzira ya NCR yubatswe ikubiyemo gusesengura imizi, ibikorwa byo gukosora, no kugenzura ko igikorwa cyo gukosora cyagize akamaro.
• Nibihe ntarengwa byateganijwe kubice byabigenewe? Ibi bigira ingaruka kubushobozi bwawe bwo kuyobora ibyiciro mbere yo kwiyemeza kuzuza umusaruro.
• Utanga imashini yo hasi, gutunganya ubushyuhe, no kurangiza hejuru, cyangwa ibi byoherejwe hanze? Ibikorwa byoherejwe byongeweho kuyobora no kugabanya gukurikirana keretse uwabitanze abicunga nkibice bigize sisitemu yubuziranenge.
• Nigute ibice bipakirwa kubyoherezwa, kandi ni ubuhe burinzi butangwa ku mashini zakozwe? Ubwiza bwo gupakira ni ikimenyetso cyizewe muri gahunda rusange.
• Ni izihe nyandiko zishobora gukurikiranwa zitangwa buri kintu cyoherejwe? Igisubizo kigomba kwerekana ibyemezo bifatika, raporo zubugenzuzi, hamwe nibiranga icyiciro.
• Bifata igihe kingana iki kugirango twakire ibitekerezo bya DFM ku gishushanyo gishya? Utanga isoko ashobora gutanga ibitekerezo bifatika muminsi mike yakazi afite itsinda ryubwubatsi bukora.

Icyitegererezo cyo Kwemeza

Umaze kugira icyitegererezo mu ntoki, kwemeza bigomba gukurikiza urutonde. Gusimbuka intambwe hano nibisanzwe bitera umusaruro utunguranye.

Intambwe ya 1: Igenzura rigaragara kandi rinini. Reba icyitegererezo kirwanya igishushanyo, wibande ku bipimo bikomeye, kurangiza hejuru, hamwe nudusembwa twose tugaragara nko gutinyuka, gufunga imbeho, cyangwa kuzura kutuzuye. Gereranya ibipimo bifatika kuri raporo ya FAI yatanzwe nuwabitanze.

Intambwe ya 2: Kugenzura ibikoresho. Emeza ko icyemezo cyibikoresho gihuye nicyiciro cyagenwe. Kubikorwa byingenzi, tekereza kugice cya gatatu cyigenga cyo kugerageza imiti nubukanishi.

Intambwe ya 3: Ikizamini kidasenya. Ukurikije porogaramu, kora irangi ryinjira, ibice bya magneti, cyangwa igenzura rya radiografiya kugirango umenye inenge zimbere ubugenzuzi budashobora kwerekana. Iyi ntambwe ikunze gusimburwa mubisabwa buke, ariko ni ngombwa kubice biterwa nigitutu, umunaniro, cyangwa ibisabwa byumutekano.

Intambwe ya 4: Icyiciro cya pilote. Mbere yo kwiyemeza gukora byuzuye, koresha bike icyiciro cy'indege - mubisanzwe ibice 50 kugeza kuri 200 - no kugenzura icyitegererezo gifatika. Ibi biremeza ko inzira ihamye, ntabwo gusa icyitegererezo kimwe gishobora gukorwa.

Muri ubu buryo bwose, saba inzira yinyandiko ishyigikira icyitegererezo: ibishashara byerekana ibishashara, ibishishwa byinjira, kandi bisuka inyandiko. Izi nyandiko zigaragaza niba icyitegererezo cyarakozwe mubihe bisanzwe byumusaruro cyangwa byakorewe byumwihariko kugirango batsinde ubugenzuzi.

Ibisanzwe Bitanga Ibendera ritukura

Ibimenyetso bimwe mugihe cyo gusuzuma byerekana ingaruka nyinshi. Nta na kimwe muri ibyo cyemeza ubwacyo, ariko buri kimwe gisaba iperereza ryimbitse.

• Quotation iri munsi yikigereranyo cyisoko. Ibishashara byatakaye bifite ibikoresho bifatika, umurimo, ningufu zingufu. Igiciro kiri munsi yamagambo arushanwe mubisanzwe bivuze ko utanga isoko agabanya ibishishwa, akoresheje ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hasi, cyangwa gusimbuka intambwe yo kugenzura.
• Kwanga gutanga inyandiko zubugenzuzi. Utanga isoko azagabana gusa ibisubizo byanyuma byubugenzuzi, kandi ntabwo ari ibishashara cyangwa ibishushanyo mbonera byubaka, ntabwo akusanya aya makuru cyangwa ntashaka kubisangira.
• Nta bushobozi bwo gusesengura ibikoresho. Niba utanga isoko yishingikirije rwose kuri seritifika atabanje kugenzura ibikoresho byinjira, nta cyemezo cyigenga cyerekana ko amavuta meza yakoreshejwe.
• Kudasobanuka cyangwa kwimura icyitegererezo cyo gutanga. Gusubiramo kenshi kumatariki yintangarugero yasezeranijwe byerekana ibibazo byubushobozi cyangwa ibibazo bitangwa nuwabitanze atagaragaza.
• Nta politiki isobanutse yubuzima. Utanga isoko adashobora kuvuga umubare wamafuti ateganijwe kubyara, cyangwa igihe azasimburwa, ntabwo acunga ibikoresho nkumutungo ugenzurwa.
• Itumanaho ridahuye mugihe cyo gusubiramo. Niba igisubizo cyiza nubwihuta bigabanutse mbere yuko itegeko rishyirwaho, ntibishoboka ko bizatera imbere nyuma.

Nigute wasuzuma mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ubushobozi bwo gutanga no gutanga igihe

Ubushobozi busaba byoroshye gukora kandi biragoye kubigenzura. Utanga isoko ashobora kuvuga ubushobozi bwa buri kwezi bugaragaza umusaruro mwinshi aho kuba umusaruro urambye munsi yumutwaro uteganijwe.

Uburyo bwizewe cyane ni ugusuzuma ubushobozi ukoresheje ibipimo bigaragara:

Kubijyanye nigihe cyo kuyobora, witondere kubitanga basezeranya gutanga urugero rudasanzwe. Gutera ishoramari birimo gutera ibishashara, kubaka ibishishwa (bisaba gutwikirwa no gukama inshuro nyinshi), gutonyanga, gusuka, guca, kuvura ubushyuhe, no kugenzura. Niba ingengabihe yavuzwe isa nkigufi kuruta uko gahunda ikurikirana yabisanzwe, saba uwaguhaye isoko gusobanura intambwe zirimo gukosorwa nuburyo ubuziranenge bubungabungwa kuri buri cyiciro.

Icyitegererezo gifatika cyo kuyobora igihe cyerekana inzira nyayo ikurikiranye. Ikibazo gikwiye ntabwo "ushobora kwihuta gute?" ariko "nigute ushobora kwemeza ko buri ntambwe irangiye neza mugihe cyagenwe?"

Ibibazo

1.Ni ikihe gihe gisanzwe cyo kuyobora kubintu byambere byintangarugero bivuye kubitanga ibishashara byabuze?
Icyitegererezo cyo kuyobora igihe giterwa nibice bigoye, ibikoresho bisabwa, hamwe na gahunda yabatanga. Impinduka nyamukuru nugukoresha igihe cyo guhimba, umubare wibikonoshwa byo gutwika no gukama byikenewe, hamwe nubugenzuzi. Amagambo afatika agomba gusenya ibyiciro aho gutanga umubare umwe. Abatanga isoko bavuga igihe gito kidasanzwe bagomba gusabwa gusobanura uburyo buri ntambwe irangiye muri kiriya gihe.

2. Isoko rishya rishobora guhuza nigishushanyo cyacu kiriho hamwe nibipimo bifatika bitarinze gutezimbere inzira?
Yego, akenshi. Utanga isoko azasubiramo igishushanyo cyawe, yemeze ibikoresho bihari, kandi atange ibitekerezo bya DFM mbere yo gusubiramo. Niba utanga isoko asabye impinduka zikomeye zishushanyije nta shingiro zifite, cyangwa ntashobora kwemeza uburambe hamwe nuruvange rwawe rwihariye, icyo nikimenyetso cyo gusuzuma neza.

3. Ni izihe nyandiko uwatanze isoko agomba gutanga icyiciro cya mbere cyibicuruzwa byinshi?
Nibura: ibyemezo byibikoresho bikurikiranwa numubare wubushyuhe, raporo yubugenzuzi bwerekana ibishushanyo mbonera, hamwe nibiranga icyiciro. Kubisabwa bikomeye, raporo yikizamini cya mashini hamwe nibisubizo byikizamini bidasenya nabyo bigomba kubamo.

4. Abatanga isoko mubisanzwe bakora bate ibice bidahuye biboneka nyuma yo kubyara?
Inzira itunganijwe ikubiyemo kubamo icyiciro cyanduye, gusesengura imizi, igikorwa cyo gukosora, no kugenzura ko igikorwa gikosora kibuza kongera kubaho. Utanga isoko agomba gutanga raporo ya NCR yemewe kandi, aho bibaye ngombwa, gusimbuza cyangwa gukora ibice bidahuye.

5. Ni ubuhe buryo ntarengwa bwo gutumiza OEM ishora ibice byabigenewe?
Umubare ntarengwa wateganijwe uratanga kubitanga nubunini bwigice. Kubikoresho byabigenewe, MOQ ikunze gushyirwaho kugirango ishobore gushora ibikoresho hamwe nigiciro cyo gushiraho. Muganire kuri MOQ hakiri kare muri RFQ, cyane cyane niba uteganya gukora ibyiciro byindege mbere yumusaruro wuzuye.

6. Kuki ibice bisa nkibishashara byatakaye byerekana itandukaniro rinini hagati yinganda zitandukanye?
Itandukaniro ryibiciro mubisanzwe ryerekana itandukaniro mubikorwa byo kubaka ibishishwa (umubare wibice, igihe cyo kumisha), icyiciro cyibikoresho fatizo no kugenzura, igipimo cyo kugenzura, ubwiza bwibikoresho, nigiciro cyakazi. Igiciro cyo hasi ntabwo gihita ari ikibazo, ariko kigomba gusobanurwa. Niba utanga isoko adashobora gusobanura impamvu igiciro cyacyo kiri hasi cyane, itandukaniro rishobora guturuka ku ntambwe igira ingaruka ku bwiza.

Intambwe ikurikira

Gusuzuma ibishashara byatakaye bitanga isoko ni inzira itunganijwe, ntabwo kugereranya ibiciro. Ibipimo bitandatu byavuzwe hano - ubushobozi bwibikorwa, gukwirakwiza ibishishwa, gukoresha ibikoresho no kugenzura ibishashara, kugenzura no kwerekana ibyangombwa, gukurikirana, hamwe nubufasha bwubwubatsi - bitanga urwego ushobora gusaba uwatanze isoko, utitaye ku karere cyangwa ingano.

Niba urimo gusuzuma abatanga igice runaka, intambwe ikurikiraho ni ugusaba ikibazo cyubushobozi hanyuma ugatanga igishushanyo cyawe kubitekerezo bya DFM. Utanga isoko asubiza hamwe na tekiniki yihariye yatanzwe, ubushobozi bwibikorwa byanditse, hamwe na gahunda isobanutse yo kwemeza yerekana neza disipuline ukeneye mubikorwa.