Ibice bishyushya ibice: Igishushanyo mbonera, Guhitamo Amavuta hamwe ninama zo kurwanya ruswa 

Ibice bihinduranya ubushyuhe bikora mugihe cyigihe kirekire cyo guhinduranya ubushyuhe, umuvuduko uhindagurika hamwe nuburyo bukomeza bwo guhuza amakuru, aho inenge imwe yashushanyije, guhitamo ibikoresho bidakwiye cyangwa inenge ya casting irashobora gutuma uhagarara utunguranye, kumeneka hagati hamwe na sisitemu ihenze mugihe gito. Bitandukanye nibikoresho rusange byumuvuduko, ibice byo guhinduranya ubushyuhe bigomba kuringaniza imbaraga zuburyo, inzira yo gushyira mu gaciro no kurwanya ruswa igihe kirekire icyarimwe. Kubashinzwe gutunganya ibintu, abashinzwe ibikoresho hamwe nabashinzwe gutanga amasoko ya tekiniki mu nganda zikora imiti, peteroli, imiti n’ibiribwa, ibyemezo byo gushushanya bidafite ishingiro akenshi bitera ingaruka zihishe zidashobora kumenyekana neza na nyuma y’ibizamini bisanzwe. Aka gatabo gakubiyemo gahunda yuburyo busanzwe bwo gutoranya, guhitamo ruswa irwanya ruswa ikoresheje uburyo bwo hagati, uburyo bwa sisitemu yo gutezimbere, ibisabwa byo kuvura ubushyuhe, kugenzura ubukana hamwe ninama zifatika zo kugenzura ruswa, kugirango bigufashe kwirinda kunanirwa gukunze kugaragara mubikorwa byo guhanahana ibicuruzwa.

1. Impamvu Gutera Ibishushanyo Byibice Byubushyuhe bwo Guhindura Ibice

Amatsinda menshi yo gushushanya yabanje gufata ibice byoguhindura ubushyuhe nkibikoresho byoroheje byubukanishi kandi bigakoporora igipimo cyumuvuduko wigice cyogushushanya, akenshi biganisha kubibazo bikomeye mubikorwa nyuma. Shira ibice byo guhanahana ubushyuhe nk'amabati, inlet / outlet nozzles hamwe n'ibiceri bitandukanijwe ntabwo ari inkunga yubatswe gusa; ni nimbibi zumuvuduko uhuza inzira itaziguye. Igishushanyo mbonera kidakwiye gishobora kumenyekanisha guhisha kugabanuka, uburebure bwurukuta rutaringaniye hamwe nibisigisigi bidasubirwaho, bidashobora kuvaho burundu nubwo byakozwe nyuma.

Ugereranije nibice byose byakozwe neza byaciwe no kwibagirwa gukomeye, byateguwe neza byo guhinduranya ubushyuhe bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe burashobora gukora ibintu bigoye hafi ya net-shusho yo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu ntambwe imwe isuka, bikagabanya cyane ingano yimashini, imyanda yibikoresho hamwe nigiciro rusange cyo gukora. Ariko iyi nyungu ikora gusa mugihe igishushanyo cya casting ubwacyo gitekereza neza ibisabwa byihariye byo guhanahana ubushyuhe. Ibintu bikunze kunanirwa nko guhangayikishwa no kwangirika kwahantu hacika nozzle, guhagarika inzira yinzira iterwa numusenyi wo guta ibisigazwa, hamwe no kumeneka kumpapuro zifunga imiyoboro ya kaburimbo, ahanini byashinze imizi mubyemezo bidafite ishingiro byo gufata ibyemezo byafashwe mugihe cyambere, aho kubikora nyuma.

2. Imiterere isanzwe yimyitozo hamwe namategeko yo gushushanya ibice byo gushyushya ibintu

Ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mu guhanahana ubushyuhe mu mishinga yinganda zirimo igituba, nozzle flanges, ubushyuhe bwo guhanahana ibicuruzwa bitwikiriye, gutandukanya ibishishwa hamwe nibice byinzibacyuho. Buri kimwe muri ibyo bikoresho bisanzwe gifite ibishushanyo mbonera byacyo byihutirwa bigira ingaruka ku gice cya nyuma cyo kwizerwa.

Kubitereko byamabati, itegeko rikomeye nugukomeza uburinganire bwurukuta ahantu hose. Gukuramo ibice byimbitse kumwanya wa bolt umuyobozi birashobora gukora byoroshye ahantu hashyushye mugihe cyo gukomera, biganisha ku kugabanuka kwimbere imbere bidashobora kumenyekana nubugenzuzi busanzwe bwa UT mubihe bimwe. Inguni zose zikarishye zifatanije hagati yurupapuro rwigitereko na flangeri ya peripheri igomba kuba ifite radiyo yinzibacyuho ihagije, kugirango hirindwe ingingo yibitekerezo bihinduka intandaro yumunaniro ukabije mugihe cyizuba ryinshi.

Kubisaranganya ibishishwa hamwe nibipfundikizo byanyuma, inzira yimbere igomba kuba yarateguwe kugirango birinde impande zipfuye zidashobora kwezwa nyuma yo gutabwa. Ibisigara bidashobora kwimurwa byumusenyi hamwe nibice bya ceramic bisigaye imbere yinzira bizatwarwa mumashanyarazi mugihe cyo gukora, bigatera guhagarara no kwihuta kwangirika kw’isuri. Muri rusange wasabye uburebure buke bwurukuta kubushyuhe bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe ntiburi munsi ya 6mm kubice byuma bitagira umwanda, kandi ntibiri munsi ya 8mm kubice binini byumuvuduko wa karubone. Ibintu byose byingenzi bifunga kashe bigomba kubika amafaranga ahagije yo gutunganya, kugirango barebe ko ubuso bwanyuma butagaragaza inenge iyo ari yo yose.

3. Gutoranya-Kurwanya Kurwanya Amahitamo Byakozwe Hagati

Guhitamo ibikoresho kubice byo guhanahana ubushyuhe ntibishobora gushingira gusa kubitabo rusange; igomba guhuza ibikorwa nyabyo bikora, ubushyuhe, kwibanda hamwe numwanda urwego rwumushinga. Guhitamo ibinyobwa bitari byo bizatera kunanirwa kwangirika mugihe gito cya serivisi, cyangwa biganisha ku gushora imari bitari ngombwa bitazana inyungu nyazo.

3.1 Ibice byo guta ibyuma bidafite amazi kumazi rusange nibitangazamakuru byangirika

Ibice byo guta ibyuma nicyiciro gikoreshwa cyane mubice byo guhanahana ubushyuhe mumazi meza, amavuta, ibinyabuzima byangiza hamwe ninganda zoroheje zangirika. 304 ibyuma bidafite ingese bikwiranye nubushyuhe busanzwe bwamazi meza hamwe na sisitemu rusange yo guhanahana ubushyuhe, ariko ntibisabwa kubijyanye na serivise aho intungamubiri za chloride zirenga 50ppm kugirango zikore igihe kirekire.

316L na 31. Mubihe byoroheje byangirika, 316L ibyuma bidafite ingese birashobora gukomeza gukora neza igihe kirekire kubushyuhe bukomeza bugera kuri 300 ° C. Ndetse no kuri 316L, igihe kirekire guhura na chloride nyinshi hejuru ya 200ppm hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru bizakomeza byongera cyane ibyago byo gutera ruswa no guturika. Urubibi rusobanutse rugomba gusobanurwa neza muburyo bwo gushushanya, aho kwagura gusa ibyuma bitagira umwanda kubintu byose byangirika.

3.2 Amahitamo ya Nickel kandi aringaniye cyane kubintu byangirika cyane

Iyo uburyo butunganijwe burimo aside ikomeye, chloride yibanze cyane, igisubizo cyumunyu mwinshi cyangwa ibindi bintu byangirika cyane ibyuma bisanzwe bidafite ingese ntibishobora kwihanganira, nikel ishingiye kuri nikel, duplex ibyuma bitagira umuyonga nibindi bice-binini cyane byangirika kwangirika bihinduka igisubizo gikenewe. Ibi bikoresho bikomeza kwangirika kwangirika mubidukikije bikaze aho ibyuma bisanzwe bya austenitike bitagira umwanda bizananirana vuba.

Mubisanzwe muburyo bukoreshwa harimo guhinduranya ubushyuhe muri sisitemu ya acide sulfurike yibanze, sisitemu yo kugarura ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe na chimique itunganya ubushyuhe bukoresha itangazamakuru ryangiza. Nubwo ibikoresho byambere hamwe no guta ibiciro byimyanya myinshi ihinduranya ubushyuhe burenze cyane ibyuma bisanzwe bitagira umuyonga, ubuzima bwabo bumara igihe kinini bugabanya ibiciro byubuzima bwose, ugereranije no gusimbuza kenshi ibyuma byananiranye.

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Ndetse hamwe noguhitamo neza hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyubatswe, imikorere idahwitse ya casting irashobora guhindura igishushanyo cyujuje ibisabwa mubice bihindura ubushyuhe. Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo guhinduranya ubushyuhe bugomba kwemeza ko agace gakomeye katerwa n’umuvuduko gakomeye kuva ku mpera kugera ku kaga, kugira ngo wirinde gukora ibidendezi by’amazi byiganjemo ibice byihishe mu gice. Kubyibice-byimbitse byerekana impapuro, ubunini bwa riser hamwe ningamba zo gukonjesha mubisanzwe birakenewe kugirango tumenye neza imbere.

Kuvura ubushyuhe ni iyindi ntambwe idashobora kuganirwaho kubice byo guhana ubushyuhe. Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga bigomba kunyura mu buryo bwuzuye nyuma yo gusuka, kugira ngo imvura ya chromium ya karbide igabanuke ku mbibi z’ingano kandi igarure ruswa irwanya ruswa. Kubintu binini bigoye guhinduranya ubushyuhe, gukuramo ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe nyuma yo gutunganywa bikabije birasabwa cyane, kugirango ukureho imihangayiko nini isigaye yegeranijwe mugihe cyo gutara no gukonjesha. Hatabayeho kugabanuka neza, igice gishobora guhinduka cyane nyuma kurangiza gutunganya, cyangwa no guteza imbere gutungurana gutunguranye nyuma yo gushyirwa muri serivisi.

Kugenzura ubukana ni inzitizi yanyuma mbere yuko igice cyo guhinduranya ubushyuhe kiva mu ruganda. Ubusanzwe inganda zihinduranya inganda zisabwa gukora ikizamini cya hydraulic inshuro 1.5 yumuvuduko wogushushanya, hanyuma ugakora ikizamini cyoguhumeka ikirere hifashishijwe igitutu cyuburyo bukwiye bwo gutahura. Kubice bihinduranya ubushyuhe bikoreshwa muburozi, bwaka cyangwa bworoshye cyane, hasabwa ikindi kizamini cya helium gisohoka kugirango harebwe niba nta nzira yameneka mikorobe idashobora kugaragara nikizamini gisanzwe cya hydraulic.

5. Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga vs Nickel Alloy Ubushyuhe bwo Guhana Ibice: Kugereranya bifatika

Amakipe menshi yubwubatsi ahura nicyemezo kimwe: niba guhitamo ibyuma bidafite ibyuma cyangwa kuzamura ibice bya nikel alloy ubushyuhe bwo guhinduranya umushinga runaka. Iki cyemezo ntigikwiye gufatwa gusa urebye igiciro cyambere cyaguzwe, ariko nanone harebwa ibipimo bine byingenzi: igiciro cyibikoresho, ingorane zinganda, ubuzima buteganijwe kwangirika hamwe nuburyo bwo kubungabunga byose.

Ku mishinga ifite ingengo yimishinga iciriritse hamwe nuburyo bworoheje bwo hagati, ibyuma byujuje ibyuma bidafite ibyuma hamwe nibisabwa nyuma yo gutunganya birashobora kugera kubikorwa byizewe cyane. Ariko kubintu bikomeye bishobora kwangirika aho ibyuma bidafite ingese bidashobora kuzuza ubuzima busabwa, guhitamo buhumyi ibyuma bidafite ingese kugirango ubike ikiguzi cyambere mubisanzwe bizana igiciro kinini cyane cyatewe no guhagarika bidateganijwe, impanuka yamenetse no gusimbuza igice kenshi. Muri ibi bihe, kuzamura kuri nikel alloy ibice byangirika ni ihitamo rya tekiniki n'ubukungu byumvikana.

6. Inama zisanzwe zo kurwanya ruswa mubikorwa byo gukora

Ibibazo byinshi byakwirindwa kwangirika kubice byo guhinduranya ubushyuhe ntibiterwa no guhitamo ibikoresho bitari byo, ahubwo biterwa no gufata nabi murwego rwo gukora. Inama ya mbere ifatika ni ugukuraho burundu umusenyi wose usigaye, ibikoresho bya ceramic ceramic hamwe nubunini bwa okiside hejuru yimbere ninyuma nyuma yo guta demolding. Ibisigisigi byose bya silikate bisigaye hejuru yicyuma bizasenya firime ya pasiporo kandi bihinduke intangiriro yo kwihuta kwangirika mubikorwa.

Inama ya kabiri y'ingenzi ni ugukuraho impande zose zityaye, ibimenyetso by'ibikoresho hamwe n'ibimenyetso byo guhangayikishwa bisigaye nyuma yo gukora. Ndetse n'akantu gato gashushanyije hejuru yikidodo cyangwa urukuta rwinzira rushobora guhinduka intangiriro yo kwangirika kwangirika hamwe nigikorwa cyo guhuza imbaraga hamwe nuburyo bubora. Inama ya gatatu nugukora neza passiyoyasi kubice byoguhindura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gutunganywa bwa nyuma. Passivation idakwiye hamwe nibitekerezo bitari byo, igihe cyo guhura kidahagije cyangwa kwoza nyuma yo kuvurwa ntibishobora kunoza ruswa, ndetse birashobora no gusiga imiti yangirika yibisigara hejuru byihuta kunanirwa kwangirika.

7. Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

• Q1: Nubuhehejuru ntarengwa bwurukuta rushobora kugerwaho muburyo bwubushyuhe bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe?
  Igisubizo: Kubice byibyuma bidafite ingese, uburebure bwurukuta ntarengwa rwubushyuhe bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe bwimiterere yinzira muri rusange ni 6mm. Kubintu bito cyane byoguhindura ubushyuhe, uburebure bwurukuta kugeza kuri 4mm burashobora kugerwaho nyuma yuburyo buteganijwe, ariko ibi bigomba kwemezwa mugihe cyambere cyo gushushanya kugirango wirinde ibisabwa bidashoboka.
• Q2: Ibice byose byahinduye ubushyuhe bikenera 100% yuzuye ya radiografiya?
  Igisubizo: Ntabwo ari bose. Ingano nigipimo cyibizamini bidasenya bigomba kugenwa ukurikije urwego rwumuvuduko, impanuka ziciriritse hamwe nibisobanuro byumushinga. Kubisanzwe muri rusange bidafite uburozi, butagurumana mugihe gito kandi giciriritse, kugenzura icyitegererezo gishingiye kubice bikomeye mubisanzwe biremewe. Ariko kubice byoguhindura ubushyuhe bukoresha uburyo bubi bwangiza, kugenzura byuzuye kugenzura ibyuma byose byotsa igitutu hamwe no guta ahantu hakomeye birakenewe.
• Q3: Ese ubushyuhe bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe bushobora gusanwa no gusudira nyuma yo kuvumbura utuntu duto duto duto?
  Igisubizo: Yego, ariko uburyo bwo gusana bwo gusudira bugomba kwemezwa hakurikijwe ibikoresho byumuvuduko ukwiye, kandi kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma ya weld no kugenzura inshuro nyinshi bigomba kurangira nyuma yo gusanwa. Gusana bidasubirwaho gusudira bidasubirwaho nta buryo bukwiye bizana imihangayiko mishya isigaye hamwe nudusembwa twihishe biteje akaga kuruta umwimerere muto.

8. Incamake yanyuma

Ubushyuhe bwo guhinduranya ibice byiringirwa ntabwo bigenwa nintambwe imwe, ariko ibisubizo byahujwe nuburyo bwiza bwo guteranya imiterere, guhuza hagati ya ruswa irwanya ruswa, guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gutangiza amarembo, kuvura neza ubushyuhe no kugenzura neza. Ibice bikozwe mu byuma bitagira umuyonga nuburyo bufatika kandi buhendutse cyane kubintu byoroheje byoroheje kandi byoroheje byangirika mu nganda, mugihe nikel ishingiye kuri nikel yo hejuru yubushyuhe bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe itanga umutekano muremure wigihe kirekire kugirango akazi gakomeye gashobora kwangirika ibyuma bisanzwe bidafite ingese.

Mugihe witaye kuburinganire bwurukuta, ukirinda umusenyi usigara udashobora kwimurwa, ukuraho ingingo zikomeye ziterwa no guhangayikishwa no gukora passiwasi nyuma yo guterwa mugice cyinganda, urashobora kwirinda byimazeyo kunanirwa kwangirika imburagihe. Kuri umushinga wo guhinduranya ubushyuhe, gufata ibyemezo bishingiye kubuzima bwuzuye bwizerwa aho kuba igiciro cyambere cyo kugura nuburyo bwiza cyane bwo kugabanya igihe cyateganijwe gitunguranye hamwe nigiciro cyo kubungabunga ibikorwa byigihe kirekire.