Takaitawa: Jagoran mataki-mataki mai amfani don zaɓar bututun kariya na thermocouple daidai don ɗorewar ma'aunin ma'aunin zafin jiki na masana'antu.
Zaɓin bututun kariya na thermocouple daidai yana hana gazawar da wuri, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen karatun zafin jiki, da tsawaita rayuwar sabis a cikin matsanancin yanayin masana'antu masu zafi.
Don karafa, samar da siminti, wutar lantarki, da wuraren aikin sinadarai, bututun kariya da ba a zaɓe ba shine ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sani da ɓoyayyun abubuwan da ba a tsara su ba da kuma bayanan tsari mara inganci.
Wannan jagorar yana tafiya ta hanyar tsarin zaɓi na mataki-mataki wanda ke daidaita juriya na zafin jiki, aikin lalata, ƙarfin injin, da martanin aunawa don dacewa da yanayin aiki na ainihi.
Me yasa Bututun Kariya na Thermocouple Dama don Ma'aunin Ma'aunin Zazzabi
Ita kanta thermocouple tana da alhakin samar da siginar zafin jiki kawai.
Bututun kariya yana aiki azaman shinge na zahiri na farko wanda ke raba mahadar thermocouple mai hankali daga yanayin tanderu, iskar hayaƙi, narkakkar kayan, ƙura mai ƙura, da tasirin injina.
Ko da madaidaicin aji 1 thermocouple zai samar da karatu maras tabbas ko ya gaza gaba ɗaya idan bututun kariya ya tsage, ya lalace, ko ya yi laushi a yanayin aiki.
A cikin ci gaba da ayyukan masana'antu, gazawar bututun kariya da ba zato ba tsammani yakan tilasta ƙungiyoyi su rufe hanyar shiga thermowell, magudanar ruwa, ko ma dakatar da aikin samarwa don maye gurbin taron.
Yawancin wurare suna ɓata sa'o'i na lokacin kulawa da dubban daloli a cikin abubuwan da suka ɓace ba saboda sun zaɓi bututu mai tsada ba, amma saboda sun dogara ne kawai akan matsakaicin ƙimar zafin jiki da aka yi talla ba tare da lissafin kuɗi ba. sauran yanayin aiki.
Mataki 1: Daidaita Kayan aiki zuwa Ci gaba da Zazzabi na Aiki
Ƙimar zafin jiki shine farkon kuma mafi mahimmancin mahimmanci a zaɓi, amma kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan fassarar kuskure.
Masu sana'anta sukan jera ƙididdige ƙimar zafin jiki na ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda kayan zai iya rayuwa na ƴan sa'o'i, ba ci gaba da zafin jiki ba inda zai iya kiyaye amincin tsari na dubban sa'o'i na sabis.
Iyakancin Material Zazzaɓi gama gari da Ƙuntatawar Aiki
Daban-daban na sassa masu juriya na zafin jiki suna ba da nau'ikan nau'ikan zafin jiki daban-daban, kuma babu wani abu ɗaya da ke aiki da kyau a kowane kewayo mai yuwuwa:
- 316 bakin karfe: Ya dace da ci gaba da amfani har zuwa kusan 600°C. Yana ba da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata gabaɗaya amma zai yi saurin oxidize kuma ya rasa ƙarfi sama da wannan bakin kofa.
- Incoloy 800: Dogara ga aiki na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi har zuwa 1100 ° C a cikin oxidizing da tsaka-tsakin yanayi. Yana aiki da kyau a cikin yanayin tururi da carburizing, yana mai da shi zaɓi na gama gari don auna gas ɗin bututun hayaƙi.
- Inconel 600: An tsara shi don ci gaba da sabis har zuwa kusa da 1150 ° C, tare da kyakkyawan juriya ga duka iskar shaka da raguwa. Ana amfani da shi sosai a aikace-aikacen tanderun jiyya na zafi inda saurin hawan keke ke faruwa.
- Tsaftataccen alumina yumbu: Mai iya ci gaba da aiki sama da 1600°C, kuma ya kasance barga ko da a cikin yanayin tuntuɓar ƙarfe da yawa. Ya fi karyewa fiye da gawa na ƙarfe, duk da haka, kuma yana iya karyewa ƙarƙashin girgizar zafi ko tasirin injina.
Lokacin daidaita abu zuwa zafin jiki, koyaushe yi amfani da ci gaba da ƙimar sabis azaman jigon ku maimakon ƙimar ƙimar dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Idan tsarin ku akai-akai yana yin hawan keke tsakanin zafin daki da matsakaicin zafin aiki, ya kamata ku kuma rage ingantacciyar ƙayyadaddun zafin jiki don ƙididdige faɗaɗawar zafi da ƙanƙancewa.
Mataki na 2: Ƙimar Lalacewa da Haɗarin Bayyanar Sinadarai
Ko da wani abu zai iya jure yanayin zafin tsari na ƙididdigewa, bayyanar sinadarai na bazata na iya lalata bututun kariya na thermocouple a cikin ɓangarorin rayuwar sabis ɗin da ake tsammani.
A yawancin matakan zafin jiki, yanayin da ke kewaye yana ƙunshe da abubuwa masu lalacewa waɗanda ba su bayyana nan da nan daga zane-zane na kwararar tsari ba.
Zaɓin Aloy na Chloride, Sulfide da Molten Gishiri Mahalli
Daban-daban ɓangarorin juriya na lalata suna nuna bambanci sosai lokacin da aka fallasa su ga takamaiman kafofin watsa labarai masu tayar da hankali, kuma babu wani gami na duniya wanda ke aiki ga kowane yanayin yanayin zafi mai lalacewa:
- A cikin wuraren da ke da babban abun ciki na sulfur, gama gari a cikin tanderun mai da ake kora mai, bakin karfe 300 na yau da kullun zai fuskanci harin sulfidation. Incoloy 825 yana ba da mafi kyawun juriya ga mahaɗan sulfur guda biyu da rage yanayin acid a yanayin zafi har zuwa 850 ° C, kodayake wannan iyakar yakamata a rage ƙasa da 700 ° C a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai ƙarfi.
- Don matakan da ke ɗauke da babban adadin chloride, kamar ƙona sharar gida ko wasu narkakkar tsarin gishiri, daidaitaccen ƙarfe na ƙarfe zai haifar da lalatawar damuwa. Inconel 625 yana ba da juriya mai ƙarfi ga harin ion chloride tare da kyakkyawan ƙarfin inji mai zafi mai zafi, tare da yanayin zafin sabis na yau da kullun na 980 ° C zuwa 1100 ° C, wanda ke canzawa dangane da ainihin abun da ke ciki na gami da yanayin kewaye.
- A cikin yanayi mai ƙarfi na carburizing ko nitriding, har ma da manyan abubuwan nickel na iya raguwa akan lokaci. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, bututun kariya na alumina ko silicon carbide sau da yawa yana ba da tsawon sabis fiye da kowane ƙarfe na ƙarfe.
Kuskuren da ya fi kowa a nan shine zaɓin gami da zafin jiki mai zafi ba tare da yin nazarin cikakken abun da ke ciki na iskar gas ba.
Ko da ƙaramin kaso na abubuwan ɓarna na ɓarna waɗanda kamar ba su da komai akan takarda na iya haifar da ɓarkewar bututun da ba zato ba tsammani da gazawa bayan wasu sa'o'i ɗari na aiki.
Mataki na 3: Asusu don Damuwar Injini, Ragewa da Gudun Yawo
Zazzabi da aikin lalata kawai ba su da garantin tsawon rayuwar sabis.
Yawancin shigarwar masana'antu suna fallasa bututun kariya na thermocouple zuwa ci gaba da ƙarfin injin da zai iya sawa ko karya taron tun kafin lalata ya zama abin iyakancewa.
Gas mai saurin gudu da ke ɗauke da tokar gardawa, ƙurar siminti, ko ɓangarorin ma'adinai za su ci gaba da lalata saman saman bututun kariya na ƙarfe, koda kuwa kayan da kansa ya dace da tsarin.
A cikin waɗannan yanayi, gami mai kauri mai kauri ko rigar yumbu mai jure lalacewa na iya tsawaita rayuwar sabis.
Bututun kariya waɗanda aka girka a kwance ko tsawaita doguwar tazara cikin bututun sarrafawa suma suna fuskantar girgiza da lanƙwasawa.
A ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan, babban bututun gami da sirara mai katanga na iya lanƙwasa ko karye, ko da a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da iyakar ƙimarsa.
Don waɗannan aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar injiniyoyi, zaɓin ƙarancin zafin jiki mai ƙima amma mafi girman ƙarfin tsari galibi yana haifar da ingantaccen shigarwa gabaɗaya.
Mataki 4: Daidaita Lokacin Amsar Zafi da Ƙarfin Tsarin
Kauri mai kauri, bututun kariya mai ƙarfi na inji zai rage saurin da thermocouple na ciki zai iya gano canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki.
Wannan yana haifar da saɓani na asali wanda injiniyoyi da yawa ke kau da kai yayin zaɓi.
Idan tsarin sarrafa ku ya dogara da sauri, ra'ayin zafin jiki mai ƙarfi don daidaita konewa, ƙimar ciyarwa, ko tsaka-tsakin aminci, bututu mai kauri mai kauri na iya gabatar da ƙarancin ma'auni don rage aikin sarrafa tsari.
Babban ƙa'idar babban yatsan hannu ita ce ninka kaurin bangon bututun kariya na ƙarfe kusan ninkinki madaidaicin lokacin zafi na taron.
Don aikace-aikace inda saurin amsawa ke da mahimmanci, zaku iya zaɓar bututun gami mai girman bangon bakin ciki a hankali tare da isassun ƙarfin injina, ko amfani da ƙaramin ma'aunin thermocouple mai ma'adinai tare da ƙaramin diamita na waje.
Manufar ba shine don ƙara ƙarfi a farashin aikin aunawa ba, ko rage kaurin bango har bututun ya karye bayan ƴan makonni na aiki.
Don uku daga cikin yanayin shigarwa na gama gari, zaku iya amfani da waɗannan jagororin tunani masu sauri:
- Don dogon shigarwa a kwance cikin manyan bututun sarrafawa, zaɓi ƙaramin kauri na bango na 2.5mm don tsayayya da lanƙwasa ƙarƙashin girgiza.
- Don iskar gas mai ƙura mai ƙarfi, zaɓi 3mm ko kauri mafi girma na bango don tsawaita rayuwar abrasion.
- Don hawan keke mai zafi na sanyi-zuwa-zafi akai-akai, guje wa ƙira mafi girman bangon bango wanda zai iya haɓaka fashe gajiya.
Kurakurai na gama gari don gujewa cikin aikace-aikacen masana'antu
Ko da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun a kai a kai suna maimaita kurakuran da za a iya gujewa iri ɗaya yayin tantance bututun kariya na thermocouple:
- Zaɓin kayan da aka dogara kawai akan yanayin zafi mafi girma, yin watsi da ci gaba da sake zagayowar aiki → Dubawa mai sauri: tabbatar da matsakaicin zafin aiki na kwanaki 30
- Yin la'akari da babban zafin jiki mai zafi zai yi tsayayya da duk nau'ikan lalatawar sinadarai ta atomatik → Bincike mai sauri: bita cikakken abun da ke ciki na iskar gas
- Yin watsi da haɗarin girgiza zafin zafi lokacin canzawa tsakanin farawa sanyi da cikakken zafin aiki → Dubawa da sauri: ƙididdige zagayowar zafin jiki na yau da kullun kowane mako
- Zaɓin mafi ƙarancin yuwuwar diamita na waje don haɓaka lokacin amsawa, ba tare da lissafin abrasion da rawar jiki a cikin bututun ba → Binciken sauri: tabbatar da saurin kwarara da ƙura
Ɗaukar ƙarin mintuna 15 don ketare duk yanayin aiki akan kaddarorin kayan kafin kammala ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai na iya hana makonni na kulawa mara shiri da asarar samarwa daga baya.
Shawarar Teburin Kwatancen Kayan Aiki
| Matsayin Material | Matsakaicin Ci gaba da Zazzabi | Ƙarfin Lantarki na Farko | Aikace-aikacen Masana'antu Na Musamman | Maɓalli Maɓalli |
| 316 Bakin Karfe | 600°C | Gaba ɗaya lalatawar yanayi | Gas mai ƙarancin zafin jiki, daidaitattun tanda na masana'antu | Rashin aikin yi sama da 600°C |
| Farashin 800 | 1100°C | Tururi, m carburization | Wuraren tukunyar jirgi, tanderun jiyya na zafi | Iyakance juriya ga karfi chlorides |
| Inconel 600 | 1150°C | Oxidation, thermal hawan keke | Maganin zafi na batch, tanda mai zafin jiki | Mai rauni ga mai tsanani sulfidation |
| Farashin 625 | 980°C-1100°C | Chloride, rage acid | Sharar gida, da narkakken gishiri tafiyar matakai | Farashin abu mafi girma |
| Farashin 825 | 850°C (700°C max karkashin raguwa mai ƙarfi) | Sulfide, dilute acid | Tushen hayaƙin tanderu mai nauyi mai nauyi | Ba don amfani na dogon lokaci sama da 900 ° C ba |
| High-tsarki Alumina | 1600°C | Karfe da aka narkakkar, tarkace masu karfi | Karfe narkakkar, kilns mai zafin jiki | Gaggawa, mai kula da girgizar zafi |
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Zan iya amfani da kayan bututun kariya iri ɗaya don duka zafin jiki da lalata mai nauyi?
Babu wani abu guda ɗaya da ke aiki da kyau ga kowane haɗuwa da matsanancin zafin jiki da matsananciyar lalata.
Don yanayin gauraye da ya fi buƙatuwa, wurare da yawa suna amfani da ƙirar ƙira wanda ya haɗu da babban zafin jiki na ciki na ciki tare da lalata mai juriya ko abrasion na waje, maimakon ƙoƙarin tilasta abu ɗaya don rufe duk buƙatun.
Ta yaya kaurin bango ke shafar rayuwar sabis da martanin zazzabi na bututun kariya na thermocouple?
Ƙara kauri na bango yana inganta ƙarfin inji kuma yana tsawaita rayuwar sabis a cikin mahalli masu lalata, amma kuma yana ƙara yawan zafin jiki na bututu.
Wannan yana rage jinkirin amsawar zafin jiki, ma'ana thermocouple zai ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo don yin la'akari da saurin canje-canje a cikin zafin aiki.
Don yawancin aikace-aikacen masana'antu na gabaɗaya, kaurin bango tsakanin 1.5mm da 3mm yana ba da ma'auni mai ma'ana tsakanin dorewa da aikin aunawa.
Menene rayuwar sabis na yau da kullun na bututun kariya na thermocouple na masana'antu a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun?
A ƙarƙashin barga, mara lalacewa, yanayi mara lalacewa, bututun kariya da aka zaɓa da kyau zai iya ba da sabis na ci gaba na shekaru 1 zuwa 3.
A cikin yanayin zafi mai tsananin ƙazanta ko ɓarna mai ƙarfi, rayuwar sabis da ake tsammani na iya raguwa zuwa watanni 3 zuwa 6.
Hanya mafi aminci don ƙididdige rayuwar sabis na gaske ita ce yin la'akari da bayanan aikin tarihi daga kayan aiki iri ɗaya a cikin takamaiman masana'antar ku, maimakon dogaro kawai akan takaddun bayanan masana'anta.
