Chidule: Chitsogozo chothandiza pang'onopang'ono kuti musankhe chubu yoyenera yoteteza thermocouple kuti muyezetse kwanthawi yayitali, yolondola ya mafakitale.
Kusankha chubu yoyenera yoteteza thermocouple kumalepheretsa kulephera msanga, kumatsimikizira kuwerengera kolondola kwa kutentha, ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki m'malo ovuta kwambiri a mafakitale.
Kwa zitsulo, kupanga simenti, mphamvu zamafuta, ndi zida za petrochemical, chubu chotetezedwa chosasankhidwa bwino ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zobisika zobisika za nthawi yosakonzekera komanso njira yosadalirika.
Bukhuli likuyenda m'njira yothandiza, yosankha pang'onopang'ono yomwe imayang'anira kutentha kwa kutentha, kachitidwe ka corrosion, kukhazikika kwa makina, ndi kuyankha muyeso kuti zigwirizane ndi zochitika zenizeni zapadziko lapansi.
Chifukwa Chake Chofunikira Choteteza Thermocouple Chitetezo Chofunikira Pakuyezera Kutentha Kwambiri
Thermocouple yokha ndiyomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale chizindikiro cha kutentha.
Chubu chodzitchinjiriza chimakhala ngati chotchinga chachikulu chomwe chimalekanitsa mphambano yolumikizana ndi thermocouple ndi mlengalenga wa ng'anjo, mpweya wa flue, zida zosungunula, fumbi la abrasive, ndi mphamvu yamakina.
Ngakhale kalasi yolondola kwambiri ya 1 thermocouple idzatulutsa kuwerengera kosakhazikika kapena kulephera kwathunthu ngati chubu lachitetezo likung'ambika, kuwononga, kapena kufewetsa kutentha kwa ntchito.
M'ntchito zamafakitale mosalekeza, kulephera kwachubu kodziteteza mosayembekezereka nthawi zambiri kumakakamiza magulu kuti atseke kulowa kwa thermowell, kukhetsa madzi amadzimadzi, kapena kuyimitsa makina opangira kuti alowe m'malo.
Malo ambiri amawononga nthawi yokonza ndi madola masauzande ambiri atatayika osati chifukwa chosankha chubu chotsika mtengo, koma chifukwa chotengera chigamulocho potengera kutentha komwe kwalengezedwa popanda kuwerengera. zina zogwirira ntchito.
Khwerero 1: Fananizani Zinthu ndi Kutentha Kopitilira Ntchito
Kutentha ndi chinthu choyamba komanso chofunikira kwambiri pakusankha, koma ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimatanthauziridwa molakwika.
Opanga nthawi zambiri amalemba kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa komwe zinthu zimatha kukhalapo kwa maola ochepa, osati kutentha kosalekeza komwe zimatha kusunga umphumphu kwa maola masauzande ambiri.
Malire a Kutentha Kwazinthu Zofanana ndi Zolepheretsa Zothandiza
Magawo osiyanasiyana olimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri amakhala ndi magulu osiyana a kutentha, ndipo palibe chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimagwira bwino ntchito iliyonse yomwe ingatheke:
- 316 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: Choyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza mpaka pafupifupi 600°C. Imapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri kwabwino koma imatulutsa okosijeni mwachangu ndikutaya mphamvu pamwamba apa.
- Inkoloy 800: Yodalirika pakugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kutentha mpaka 1100 ° C mu oxidizing ndi ndale. Imagwira ntchito bwino m'malo osungiramo nthunzi ndi ma carburizing, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino pakuyezera gasi wa boiler flue.
- Pafupifupi 600: Zapangidwira kuti zizigwira ntchito mosalekeza mpaka pafupifupi 1150 ° C, zolimbana kwambiri ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni komanso kuchepetsa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ng'anjo yochizira kutentha komwe kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kumachitika.
- Alumina ceramic ceramic yoyera kwambiri: Imatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza pamwamba pa 1600 ° C, ndipo imakhala yokhazikika ngakhale m'malo ambiri olumikizana ndi zitsulo zosungunuka. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa ma aloyi achitsulo, komabe, ndipo zimatha kusweka chifukwa cha kutenthedwa kwa kutentha kapena kukhudzidwa ndi makina.
Mukafananiza zinthu ndi kutentha, nthawi zonse gwiritsani ntchito voteji yopitilira ngati maziko anu osati kuchuluka kwa labotale.
Ngati ndondomeko yanu imayenda nthawi zonse pakati pa kutentha kwa chipinda ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito, muyenera kuchepetsa kutentha kwabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha mobwerezabwereza.
Khwerero 2: Yang'anani Zowopsa Zowonongeka ndi Zowopsa za Chemical
Ngakhale chinthu chitha kupirira kutentha kwadzidzidzi, kukhudzana ndi mankhwala mosayembekezereka kumatha kuwononga chubu lachitetezo cha thermocouple pagawo la moyo wake wautumiki.
M'njira zambiri zotentha kwambiri, mlengalenga wozungulira uli ndi zida zowononga zomwe sizikuwonekera mwachangu kuchokera pazithunzi zoyambira.
Kusankhidwa kwa Aloyi kwa Chloride, Sulfide ndi Malo a Mchere Wosungunula
Ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zolimbana ndi dzimbiri zimagwira ntchito mosiyana kwambiri zikawonetsedwa ndi zoulutsira mawu zankhanza, ndipo palibe aloyi wapadziko lonse lapansi yemwe amagwira ntchito panyengo iliyonse yotentha kwambiri:
- M'malo okhala ndi sulfure wambiri, omwe amapezeka m'ng'anjo zowotchedwa ndi mafuta olemera, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri 300 zimavutitsidwa mwachangu ndi sulfidi. Inkoloy 825 imapereka kukana kwabwinoko kumitundu yonse ya sulfure ndikuchepetsa mikhalidwe ya asidi pa kutentha mpaka 850 ° C, ngakhale kuti malirewo akuyenera kuchepetsedwa pansi pa 700 ° C pansi pamikhalidwe yochepetsetsa kwambiri.
- Pazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi chloride wambiri, monga kutenthetsa zinyalala kapena makina ena amchere osungunula, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri zimatha kusweka. Inconel 625 imapereka kukana kolimba kwa chloride ion kuukira limodzi ndi mphamvu zamakina apamwamba kwambiri, ndi kutentha kosalekeza kopitilira 980 ° C mpaka 1100 ° C, komwe kumasintha kutengera kapangidwe ka aloyi ndi malo ozungulira.
- M'malo odzaza kwambiri ndi carburizing kapena nitriding, ngakhale ma aloyi a nickel apamwamba amatha kuwonongeka pakapita nthawi. Pazifukwa izi, chubu cholimba cha alumina kapena silicon carbide chitetezo nthawi zambiri chimapereka moyo wautali wautumiki kuposa aloyi iliyonse yachitsulo.
Cholakwika chofala kwambiri apa ndikusankha aloyi yotentha kwambiri popanda kuwunika momwe gasi amapangidwira.
Ngakhale kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka zinthu zowononga zomwe zimawoneka ngati zosafunika papepala zimatha kupangitsa kuti chubu kupatulire mosayembekezereka ndi kulephera pakatha maola mazana angapo akugwira ntchito.
Khwerero 3: Akaunti ya Kupsyinjika Kwamakina, Abrasion ndi Flow Velocity
Kutentha ndi ntchito za dzimbiri zokha sizimatsimikizira moyo wautali wautumiki.
Kuyika kwamafakitale ambiri kumawonetsa chubu chachitetezo cha thermocouple ku mphamvu zamakina zomwe zimatha kuvala kapena kuswa msonkhano nthawi yayitali dzimbiri zisanakhale zomwe zimalepheretsa.
Mpweya wothamanga kwambiri wonyamula phulusa la ntchentche, fumbi la simenti, kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timatulutsa timadzi tambiri timene timatulutsa timachubu toteteza zitsulo, ngakhale zinthuzo zitakhala kuti zimagwirizana ndi ndondomekoyi.
Pazifukwa izi, aloyi wokhuthala wokhala ndi mipanda kapena manja akunja osavala a ceramic amatha kukulitsa moyo wautumiki.
Machubu achitetezo omwe amaikidwa mopingasa kapena kukulitsa mtunda wautali kulowa munjira yolowera amathanso kugwedezeka komanso kupindika.
Pansi pazimenezi, chubu chochepa kwambiri chokhala ndi nickel alloy chubu chikhoza kupindika kapena kusweka, ngakhale pa kutentha pansi pa malire ake ovomerezeka.
Pamakina ofunikirawa, kusankha zinthu zotsika pang'ono zoyezera kutentha koma zolimba kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kuyika kodalirika.
Khwerero 4: Yendetsani Nthawi Yoyankhidwa ndi Matenthedwe ndi Mphamvu Zamapangidwe
Chubu chodzitchinjiriza, cholimba mwamakina chimachedwetsa liwiro lomwe thermocouple yamkati imatha kuzindikira kusintha kwa kutentha.
Izi zimapanga tradeoff yofunikira yomwe mainjiniya ambiri amanyalanyaza pakusankha.
Ngati makina anu owongolera amadalira kutentha, kutentha kwamphamvu kuti musinthe kuyaka, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kapena zotchingira chitetezo, chubu chotchinga cholimba champanda chimatha kuyambitsa kuchedwa kokwanira kuti muchepetse magwiridwe antchito.
Lamulo lodziwika bwino ndiloti kuwirikiza kawiri makulidwe a khoma la chubu lachitetezo chachitsulo kumachulukitsa nthawi yotentha ya msonkhanowo.
Pamapulogalamu omwe kuyankha mwachangu ndikofunikira, mutha kusankha chubu la aloyi lalifupi lokhala ndi khoma lokhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zamakina, kapena gwiritsani ntchito gulu la mineral-insulated compact thermocouple laling'ono lakunja.
Cholinga sichikuwonjezera mphamvu pamtengo wa ntchito yoyezera, kapena kuchepetsa makulidwe a khoma kotero kuti chubu chimasweka pambuyo pa masabata angapo akugwira ntchito.
Pazinthu zitatu zodziwika bwino zoyika, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malangizowa mwachangu:
- Kuti mulowetse mopingasa nthawi yayitali munjira zazikulu, sankhani makulidwe a khoma osachepera 2.5mm kuti mupewe kupindika ndikugwedezeka.
- Kwa gasi wodzaza ndi fumbi wothamanga kwambiri, sankhani makulidwe a khoma 3mm kapena kukulirapo kuti muwonjezere moyo wa abrasion.
- Panjinga zozizira kwambiri zotentha mpaka zotentha, pewani mapangidwe a khoma owonda kwambiri omwe amatha kufulumizitsa kutopa.
Zolakwika Zosankhika Zomwe Muyenera Kupewa mu Ntchito Zamakampani
Ngakhale magulu odziwa zambiri amabwereza zolakwika zomwezo zomwe zingapewedwe pofotokoza machubu oteteza thermocouple:
- Kusankha zinthu zongotengera kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri, kunyalanyaza mayendedwe opitilira ntchito → Chongani mwachangu: tsimikizirani kutentha kwamasiku 30
- Kungoganiza kuti aloyi yotentha kwambiri imatha kukana mitundu yonse ya dzimbiri la mankhwala → Fufuzani mwachangu: onaninso momwe gasi amapangidwira
- Kuyang'anizana ndi chiwopsezo cha kutentha pamene mukusintha pakati pa kuzizira kozizira ndi kutentha kwathunthu kwa ntchito → Fufuzani mwachangu: kuwerengera kutentha kwanthawi zonse pa sabata
- Kusankha m'mimba mwake yaying'ono kwambiri kuti muwongolere nthawi yoyankhira, osawerengera ma abrasion ndi kugwedezeka panjira → Yang'anani mwachangu: tsimikizirani kuthamanga komanso kutsitsa fumbi
Kutenga mphindi 15 kuti muwoloke mawonekedwe onse ogwirira ntchito motsutsana ndi zinthu zakuthupi musanamalize zomwe zanenedwa kutha kulepheretsa kukonzanso kosakonzekera kwa milungu ingapo ndikutayika pambuyo pake.
Table Yofanizira Zinthu Zovomerezeka
| Maphunziro a Zinthu | Maximum Continuous Temperature | Mphamvu Zambiri Zambiri | Chitsanzo cha Industrial Application | Kuchepetsa Kwambiri |
| 316 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri | 600 ° C | General mumlengalenga dzimbiri | Otsika kutentha chitoliro mpweya, muyezo mafakitale uvuni | Kusagwira bwino ntchito kopitilira 600°C |
| Icoloy 800 | 1100 ° C | Steam, wofatsa carburization | Malo opangira ma boiler, ng'anjo zochizira kutentha | Kukaniza pang'ono kwa ma kloridi amphamvu |
| Pafupifupi 600 | 1150 ° C | Oxidation, matenthedwe njinga | Chithandizo cha kutentha kwa batch, uvuni wotentha kwambiri | Pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha sulfidation |
| Mtengo wa 625 | 980°C–1100°C | Chloride, kuchepetsa zidulo | Kuwotcha zinyalala, njira za mchere wosungunuka | Mtengo wapamwamba wa zinthu |
| Mtengo wa 825 | 850°C (700°C max pansi pa kuchepetsedwa mwamphamvu) | Sulfide, kuchepetsa asidi | Mpweya wotentha wa ng'anjo wonyezimira wamafuta | Osagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali kuposa 900 ° C |
| Alumina apamwamba kwambiri | 1600 ° C | Chitsulo chosungunuka, zowononga zamphamvu | Chitsulo chosungunuka, ng'anjo zotentha kwambiri | Brittle, kumva kugwedezeka kwa kutentha |
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito chubu chodzitetezera chomwechi pakutentha kwambiri komanso dzimbiri lolemera?
Palibe chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino pakuphatikiza kulikonse kwa kutentha kwambiri ndi dzimbiri lambiri.
Pazinthu zosakanizika zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, malo ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe osanjikiza omwe amaphatikiza chingwe chamkati cha aloyi chokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi chosanjikiza chakunja kapena chosagwirizana ndi abrasion, m'malo moyesa kukakamiza chinthu chimodzi kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira zonse.
Kodi makulidwe a khoma amakhudza bwanji moyo wautumiki komanso kuyankha kwa kutentha kwa chubu lachitetezo cha thermocouple?
Kuchulukitsa makulidwe a khoma kumapangitsa mphamvu zamakina ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki m'malo otsekemera, komanso kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwamafuta a chubu.
Izi zimachepetsa kuyankha kwa kutentha, kutanthauza kuti thermocouple idzatenga nthawi yayitali kuti iwonetse kusintha kwachangu kwa kutentha kwa ndondomekoyi.
Pazinthu zambiri zamafakitale, makulidwe a khoma pakati pa 1.5mm ndi 3mm amapereka malire oyenera pakati pa kulimba ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Kodi moyo wantchito wa chubu yachitetezo cha thermocouple m'malo ogwirira ntchito wamba?
Pansi pazikhalidwe zokhazikika, zosawonongeka, zosawononga, chubu yotetezedwa ya alloy yosankhidwa bwino imatha kupereka zaka 1 mpaka 3 zautumiki wopitilira.
M'nyengo yotentha kwambiri kapena yotentha kwambiri, moyo wautumiki ukhoza kutsika mpaka miyezi 3 mpaka 6.
Njira yodalirika kwambiri yowonera moyo wautumiki weniweni ndikulozera zomwe zachitika kale kuchokera ku makhazikitsidwe ofanana mumakampani anu, m'malo mongodalira zolemba zopanga mageneric.
