Inkcazo: Isikhokelo esisebenzayo sesinyathelo-nge-nyathelo ukukhetha ityhubhu echanekileyo yokukhusela i-thermocouple yokulinganisa ixesha elide, elichanekileyo lobushushu obuphezulu.
Ukukhetha ityhubhu efanelekileyo yokukhusela i-thermocouple ikhusela ukusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha, iqinisekisa ukufundwa kobushushu obuchanekileyo, kwaye yandisa ubomi benkonzo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu bemizi-mveliso.
Kwi-metallurgy, ukuveliswa kwe-samente, amandla okushisa, kunye nezixhobo ze-petrochemical, ityhubhu yokukhusela ekhethwe kakubi yenye yezona zizathu eziqhelekileyo ezifihlakeleyo zexesha elingacwangciswanga kunye nedatha yenkqubo engathembekanga.
Esi sikhokelo sihamba ngendlela esebenzayo, isikhokelo sokukhetha inyathelo ngamanyathelo esilinganisa ukumelana nobushushu, ukusebenza kwe-corrosion, ukuqina komatshini, kunye nempendulo yokulinganisa ukuhambelana neemeko zokusebenza zehlabathi zangempela.
Kutheni iTube yoKhuseleko lweThermocouple eLungileyo ibalulekile kuMlinganiselo woBubushushu obuphezulu
I-thermocouple ngokwayo inoxanduva kuphela lokuvelisa uphawu lobushushu.
Ityhubhu yokukhusela isebenza njengesithintelo esisisiseko somzimba esahlula i-thermocouple junction enovakalelo kwi-ovens ye-oven, iigesi ze-flue, izinto ezityhidiweyo, uthuli lwe-abrasive, kunye nefuthe lomatshini.
Nokuba i-high-accuracy class 1 thermocouple iya kuvelisa ukufundwa okungazinzanga okanye ukungaphumeleli ngokupheleleyo ukuba i-tube yokukhusela iyaqhekeka, i-corrodes, okanye iyancipha kwiqondo lokushisa.
Kwimisebenzi eqhubekayo yemizi-mveliso, ukusilela kwetyhubhu yokhuseleko ngokungalindelekanga kuhlala kunyanzela amaqela ukuba avale ukufikelela kwe-thermowell, inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi, okanye amise imveliso ebalekayo ukuze ithathe indawo yendibano.
Amaziko amaninzi achitha iiyure zexesha lokugcinwa kunye namawaka eedola kwisiphumo esilahlekileyo kungekhona ngenxa yokuba bakhethe ityhubhu enexabiso eliphantsi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba basekelwe kwisigqibo kuphela kumlinganiselo ophezulu wokushisa opapashiweyo ngaphandle kokuphendula. ezinye iimeko zokusebenza.
Inyathelo loku-1: Tshatisa iMathiriyeli kunye nobushushu obuqhubekayo bokuSebenza
Umgangatho wobushushu yeyona nto yokuqala nebalulekileyo ekukhetheni, kodwa ikwayenye yezona zinto zitolikwa gwenxa.
Abavelisi badla ngokudwelisa incopho yeqondo lobushushu bexesha elifutshane apho izinto zinokuphila iiyure ezimbalwa, hayi ubushushu obuqhubekayo bokusebenza apho bunokugcina imfezeko yesakhiwo kumawaka eeyure zenkonzo.
IMida yoBubushushu obuqhelekileyo kunye nezithintelo eziSebenzayo
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeendawo ezixhathisa ubushushu obuphezulu zisebenza ngamabhanti obushushu ahlukeneyo, kwaye akukho sixhobo sisebenza kakuhle kulo lonke uluhlu olunokwenzeka:
- 316 intsimbi engatyiwa: Ilungele ukusetyenziswa rhoqo ukuya kuthi ga kuma-600°C. Inika ukuxhathisa okufanelekileyo kokutya okuqhelekileyo kodwa iya kuthi ikhuphe ngokukhawuleza i-oxidize kwaye ilahlekelwe ngamandla ngaphezu kwalo mqobo.
- I-Incoloy 800: Ithembekile ekusebenzeni kwexesha elide kwiqondo lokushisa ukuya kwi-1100 ° C kwi-oxidizing kunye ne-atmospheres engathathi hlangothi. Isebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezingqonge umphunga kunye ne-carburizing, iyenza ibe lukhetho oluqhelekileyo kumlinganiselo wegesi yebhoyila.
- Ikhoneli 600: Yenzelwe inkonzo eqhubekayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1150 ° C, kunye nokuchasana okugqwesileyo kuzo zombini i-oxidation kunye nokunciphisa. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo zesithando somlilo apho ukujikeleza kobushushu obukhawulezayo kwenzeka.
- Ucoceko oluphezulu lwe-alumina ceramic: Iyakwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngaphezu kwe-1600 ° C, kwaye ihlala izinzile nakwiimeko ezininzi zokudibanisa isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo. I-brittle kakhulu kunealloys zetsimbi, nangona kunjalo, kwaye inokwaphuka phantsi komothuko we-thermal okanye impembelelo yomatshini.
Xa uthelekisa imathiriyeli neqondo lobushushu, soloko usebenzisa ukalisho lwenkonzo eqhubekayo njengesiseko sakho kunomlinganiselo welabhoratri owuncopho.
Ukuba inkqubo yakho ijikeleza rhoqo phakathi kobushushu begumbi kunye neqondo lobushushu eliphezulu lokusebenza, kufuneka kwakhona unciphise umda wobushushu obusebenzayo ukujongana nokwandiswa okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokucutheka kwe-thermal.
INyathelo 2: Vavanya uMngcipheko wokuTyala kunye noMngcipheko wokuMbona kwiMichiza
Nangona i-material inokumelana neqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo, ukuchaswa kweekhemikhali ezingalindelekanga kunokutshabalalisa ityhubhu yokukhusela i-thermocouple kwiqhezu lenkonzo elindelekileyo yobomi bayo.
Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zobushushu obuphezulu, i-atmosphere ejikelezileyo iqulethe amacandelo e-corrosive angabonakali ngokukhawuleza kwiidayagramu zenkqubo yokuhamba.
Ukukhetha i-alloy ye-Chloride, iSulfidi kunye neNdawo yeTyuwa enyibilikisiweyo
Amalungu awohlukeneyo amelana nomhlwa aziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo xa evezwe kumajelo osasazo anobundlongondlongo, kwaye akukho ngxubevange yendalo yonke esebenza kuyo yonke imeko yobushushu obuphezulu:
- Kwiimeko ezingqongileyo ezinomxholo ophezulu wesulfure, eziqhelekileyo kwiziko ezivuthayo zeoli enzima, iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo ze-300-series stainless steels ziya kuhlaselwa ngokukhawuleza kwi-sulfidation. I-Incoloy 825 inikezela ukuxhathisa okungcono kakhulu kuzo zombini iikhompawundi zesulfure kunye nokunciphisa iimeko ze-asidi kumaqondo obushushu ukuya kuma-850 ° C, nangona lo mda kufuneka uncitshiswe ngaphantsi kwe-700 ° C phantsi kweemeko ezinciphisa kakhulu.
- Kwiinkqubo eziqulethe ugxininiso lwekloridi ephezulu, njengokutshiswa kwenkunkuma okanye iinkqubo ezithile zetyuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo, iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo ezingenastainless ziya kuphuhlisa ukuqhekeka kwe-corrosion yoxinzelelo. I-Inconel 625 inika ukuchasana okunamandla kuhlaselo lwe-ion ye-chloride ecaleni kokuqina okuphezulu kobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nomgangatho wobushushu oqhubekayo wenkonzo ye-980 ° C ukuya kwi-1100 ° C, eguqukayo ngokuxhomekeke ekubunjweni kwe-alloy ngqo kunye nomoya ojikelezileyo.
- Kwi-carburizing enamandla okanye i-nitriding atmospherics, kunye ne-alloys ephezulu ye-nickel inokuthoba ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kwezi meko, i-alumina eshinyeneyo okanye i-silicon carbide ityhubhu ihlala inika ubomi obude benkonzo kunayo nayiphi na ingxubevange yesinyithi.
Eyona mpazamo ixhaphakileyo apha kukukhetha i-alloy yobushushu obuphezulu ngaphandle kokuphonononga inkqubo epheleleyo yokubunjwa kwegesi.
Nokuba ipesenti encinci yamacandelo etrayisi enomhlwa ebonakala ngathi ayinanto ephepheni inokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ityhubhu ngokungalindelekanga kunye nokusilela emva kwamakhulu aliqela eeyure zokusebenza.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Iakhawunti yoxinzelelo loomatshini, i-Abrasion kunye ne-Flow Velocity
Iqondo lobushushu kunye nokusebenza komhlwa kuphela akuqinisekisi ubomi obude benkonzo.
Ufakelo oluninzi lwemizi-mveliso luveza ityhubhu yokukhusela i-thermocouple kumandla omatshini aqhubekayo anokuthi anxibe okanye aphule indibano ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba umhlwa ube yinto ethintelayo.
I-high-velocity flue gas ethwele uthuthu lwempukane, uthuli lwe-cement clinker, okanye amasuntswana amaminerali aya kuthi gqolo abrade umphezulu wangaphandle weetyhubhu zokukhusela isinyithi, nangona izinto ngokwazo zihambelana neekhemikhali kunye nenkqubo.
Kwezi meko, ialloyi etyebileyo ebiyelwe ngodonga okanye umkhono wangaphandle weceramic ongagugiyo unokwandisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo.
Iityhubhu zokukhusela ezifakwe ngokuthe tye okanye zandisa umgama omde kwi-duct duct nazo zixhomekeke kwi-vibration kunye noxinzelelo lokugoba.
Phantsi kwezi meko, ityhubhu ye-nickel ene-high-nickel alloy ene-thin-walled high-nickel alloy inokugoba okanye iqhekeke, nakwiqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi komlinganiselo walo ophezulu.
Kwezi zicelo zifunwa ngoomatshini, ukukhetha ubushushu obuphantsi kancinane kodwa imathiriyeli yamandla olwakhiwo ephezulu kudla ngokukhokelela kufakelo oluthembeke ngakumbi.
Inyathelo lesi-4: Ukulinganisa Ixesha lokuPhendula kweThermal kunye namandla oLwakhiwo
Ityhubhu etyebileyo, eyomelele ngoomatshini iya kuthoba isantya apho i-thermocouple yangaphakathi inokubona utshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa.
Oku kudala urhwebo olusisiseko olujongwa ziinjineli ezininzi ngexesha lokukhetha.
Ukuba inkqubo yakho yokulawula ixhomekeke ngokukhawuleza, impendulo yobushushu obuguquguqukayo ukulungelelanisa ukutsha, izinga lokutya, okanye ukhuseleko oluvalelekileyo, ityhubhu enzima enodonga olungqingqwa ingazisa umlinganiselo owaneleyo wokuthoba umgangatho wolawulo lwenkqubo.
Umgaqo oqhelekileyo wesithupha kukuba ukuphindaphinda kabini ubukhulu bodonga lwetyhubhu yokukhusela isinyithi phinda kabini ixesha eliqhelekileyo le-thermal yendibano.
Kwizicelo apho impendulo ekhawulezayo ibaluleke kakhulu, ungakhetha ityhubhu yealloyi enobungakanani obucekethekileyo obunamandla okwaneleyo omatshini, okanye usebenzise indibano ye-mineral-insulated compact thermocouple enedayamitha yangaphandle encinci.
Injongo ayikokwandisa amandla kwiindleko zokusebenza kokulinganisa, okanye ukunciphisa ubukhulu bodonga kangangokuba ityhubhu iphuke emva kweeveki ezimbalwa zokusebenza.
Kwiimeko ezintathu zezona zixhaphakileyo zofakelo, ungasebenzisa ezi zikhokelo zereferensi ezikhawulezayo:
- Ufakelo olude oluthe tye kwimibhobho yenkqubo enkulu, khetha ubuncinci be-2.5mm yobukhulu bodonga ukuxhathisa ukugoba phantsi kokungcangcazela.
- Ngesantya esiphezulu segesi ezele luthuli, khetha i-3mm okanye ubukhulu bodonga olukhulu ukwandisa ubomi bokuqhawuka.
- Ukukhwela ibhayisekile ebandayo ukuya kushushu rhoqo, kunqanda uyilo olucekethekileyo olunodonga olunokukhawulezisa ukuqhekeka kokudinwa.
Iimpazamo zokuKhetha eziQhelekileyo ekufuneka uziphephe kwizicelo zoShishino
Namaqela anamava ahlala ephinda iimpazamo ezifanayo xa echaza iityhubhu zokukhusela i-thermocouple:
- Ukukhetha imathiriyeli esekwe kuphela kwincochoyi yobushushu benkqubo, ukungahoyi umjikelo oqhubekayo womsebenzi → Khangela ngokukhawuleza: qinisekisa i-avareji yobushushu beentsuku ezingama-30
- Ukucinga ukuba i-alloy yobushushu obuphezulu iya kuxhathisa ngokuzenzekelayo zonke iintlobo zokubola kweekhemikhali → Jonga ngokukhawuleza: jonga inkqubo epheleleyo yegesi
- Ukujongana nomngcipheko wokothuka wobushushu xa utshintsha phakathi kokuqalisa okubandayo kunye nobushushu obugcweleyo bokusebenza → Jonga ngokukhawuleza: bala imijikelo yobushushu obuqhelekileyo ngeveki
- Ukukhetha esona dayamitha sangaphandle sincinci sinokwenzeka ukuphucula ixesha lokuphendula, ngaphandle kokubalwa kwe-abrasion kunye nokungcangcazela kumbhobho webhobho → Jonga ngokukhawuleza: qinisekisa ukuhamba kwesantya kunye nokulayisha uthuli.
Ukuthatha imizuzu eli-15 eyongezelelweyo ukunqumla zonke iimeko zokusebenza ngokuchasene neempawu zemathiriyeli phambi kokuba kugqitywe iinkcukacha kunokuthintela iiveki zolondolozo olungacwangciswanga kunye nokulahleka kwemveliso kamva.
Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa izinto ezicetyiswayo
| IBanga leMathiriyeli | Ubushushu obuphezulu obuqhubekayo | Amandla oMbi ophambili | Ukusetyenziswa kweMizimveliso eqhelekileyo | Unyino olungundoqo |
| 316 Intsimbi engatyiwa | 600°C | Umhlwa jikelele womoya | Irhasi yobushushu obuphantsi, ii-oveni ezisemgangathweni zoshishino | Ukusebenza kakubi ngaphezu kwama-600°C |
| IKholoyi 800 | 1100°C | Umphunga, i-carburization ethambileyo | Iivenkile ze-boiler, iziko lokunyanga ukushisa | Ukuchasana okuncinci kwiikloridi ezinamandla |
| Ikhoneli 600 | 1150°C | I-oxidation, ibhayisikili ye-thermal | Unyango lobushushu bebhetshi, ii-oveni ezinobushushu obuphezulu | Usengozini kwi-sulfidation enzima |
| Ikhoneli 625 | 980°C–1100°C | I-chloride, ukunciphisa i-asidi | Ukutshisa inkunkuma, iinkqubo zetyuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo | Ixabiso eliphezulu lezinto eziphathekayo |
| IKholoyi 825 | 850°C (700°C ubuninzi phantsi kokunciphisa okunamandla) | Sulfide, dilute acid | Irhasi enzima ye-oyile ye-furnace flue | Ayinakusetyenziswa ixesha elide ngaphezulu kwe-900°C |
| Ucoceko oluphezulu lweAlumina | 1600°C | Isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, iziqhumiso ezinamandla | Intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo, iitoni ezinobushushu obuphezulu | I-Brittle, ivakalelwa kumothuko we-thermal |
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
Ngaba ndingasebenzisa imathiriyeli yetyhubhu efanayo yokhuseleko kuzo zombini ubushushu obuphezulu kunye ne-corrosion enzima?
Akukho sixhobo esinye esisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kuyo yonke indibaniselwano yobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nomhlwa ogqithisileyo.
Kwiimeko ezidinge kakhulu ezixubileyo, izibonelelo ezininzi zisebenzisa i-design layered edibanisa i-high-temperature alloy liner yangaphakathi kunye ne-corrosion-resistant okanye i-abrasion-resistant-resistant layer, kunokuba uzame ukunyanzela enye into enye ukugubungela zonke iimfuno.
Ubunzima bodonga buchaphazela njani ubomi benkonzo kunye nokuphendula kweqondo lokushisa lombhobho wokukhusela we-thermocouple?
Ukonyuka kobunzima bodonga kuphucula amandla oomatshini kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo kwiindawo ezinqabileyo, kodwa kwandisa ubunzima bokushisa ityhubhu.
Oku kunciphisa ukuphendula kweqondo lokushisa, oku kuthetha ukuba i-thermocouple iya kuthatha ixesha elide ukubonisa utshintsho olukhawulezayo kwiqondo lokushisa.
Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso, ubukhulu bodonga phakathi kwe-1.5mm kunye ne-3mm bubonelela ngokulinganisela okufanelekileyo phakathi kokuqina kunye nokusebenza komlinganiselo.
Yintoni ubomi benkonzo eqhelekileyo ye-industrial thermocouple protection tube phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza?
Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezizinzileyo, ezingabonakaliyo, ezingabonakaliyo, ityhubhu ekhethiweyo yokukhusela i-alloy inokuhambisa i-1 kwiminyaka eyi-3 yenkonzo eqhubekayo.
Kwiinkqubo ezinobungozi obuphezulu okanye eziyingozi kakhulu, ubomi benkonzo obulindelekileyo bunokwehla ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6.
Eyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokuqikelela ubomi benkonzo yokwenyani kukureferensi idatha yokusebenza ngokwembali ukusuka kufakelo olufanayo kushishino lwakho oluthile, kunokuthembela kuphela kumenzi wedatha yegeneric.
