Ibisobanuro: Intambwe ifatika intambwe ku ntambwe yo guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda thermocouple yo kurinda igihe kirekire, cyuzuye cyo gupima ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kurinda thermocouple birinda kunanirwa imburagihe, byemeza neza ko ubushyuhe bwasomwe, kandi bwongerera igihe cya serivisi mubihe bikaze byubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Kubyuma bya metallurgie, umusaruro wa sima, ingufu zumuriro, hamwe nibikoresho bya peteroli, umuyoboro wokwirinda wahisemo nabi nimwe mumpamvu zikunze guhishwa zitera igihe cyateganijwe kandi amakuru yizewe.
Aka gatabo kanyuze mubikorwa bifatika, intambwe-ku-ntambwe yo gutoranya iringaniza irwanya ubushyuhe, imikorere ya ruswa, imiterere ya mashini, hamwe nigisubizo cyo gupima kugirango gihuze nukuri kwisi.
Impamvu Ikwiye ya Thermocouple Kurinda Tube Ibyingenzi Kubipimo Byinshi-Ubushyuhe
Thermocouple ubwayo ishinzwe gusa gutanga ibimenyetso byubushyuhe.
Umuyoboro wo gukingira ukora nkinzitizi yambere yumubiri itandukanya ihuriro ryimyuka ya termocouple hamwe nikirere cy itanura, imyuka ya flue, ibikoresho byashongeshejwe, ivumbi ryangiza, ningaruka za mashini.
Ndetse nicyiciro cyo hejuru cyicyiciro cya 1 thermocouple kizatanga ibyasomwe bidahindagurika cyangwa birananirana rwose mugihe umuyoboro urinda ucitse, ugacika, cyangwa woroshye mubushyuhe bwo gukora.
Mubikorwa bikomeza byinganda, kunanirwa kurinda imiyoboro itunguranye akenshi bihatira amakipe guhagarika uburyo bwa thermowell, gutembera kumazi, cyangwa no guhagarika umusaruro kugirango usimbure inteko.
Ibikoresho byinshi bitakaza amasaha yo kubungabunga hamwe n’ibihumbi byamadorari mu musaruro wabuze ntabwo ari ukubera ko bahisemo umuyoboro uhendutse, ariko kubera ko bashingiye icyemezo gusa ku gipimo ntarengwa cy’ubushyuhe cyamamajwe batabariyemo ibindi bikorwa.
Intambwe ya 1: Huza Ibikoresho na Gukomeza Gukora Ubushyuhe
Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe nicyo kintu cya mbere kandi cyibanze muguhitamo, ariko kandi nikimwe mubintu byakunze gusobanurwa nabi.
Ababikora akenshi berekana urutonde rwubushyuhe bwigihe gito ko ibikoresho bishobora kubaho amasaha make, ntabwo ubushyuhe bukomeza aho bushobora gukomeza ubusugire bwimiterere yamasaha ibihumbi.
Imipaka isanzwe yubushyuhe ntarengwa nimbogamizi zifatika
Ibyiciro bitandukanye byubushyuhe bwo hejuru birwanya ubushyuhe butandukanye, kandi nta kintu na kimwe gikora neza murwego rwose rushoboka:
- 316 ibyuma bidafite ingese: Bikwiriye gukoreshwa ubudahwema kugera kuri 600 ° C. Itanga ruswa muri rusange irwanya ruswa ariko izahita ihindura kandi igatakaza imbaraga hejuru yuru rugabano.
- Incoloy 800: Yizewe kubikorwa byigihe kirekire mubushyuhe bugera kuri 1100 ° C muri okiside hamwe nikirere kidafite aho kibogamiye. Ikora neza mubidukikije hamwe na carburizing ibidukikije, bigatuma ihitamo bisanzwe mugupima gazi ya gaz.
- Inconel 600: Yateguwe kuri serivisi zihoraho zigera kuri 1150 ° C, hamwe no kurwanya cyane okiside no kugabanuka. Irakoreshwa cyane mugukoresha itanura ryubushyuhe aho ubushyuhe bwihuta bwihuta.
- Ceramic ya alumina-isukuye cyane: Irashobora gukora ubudahwema hejuru ya 1600 ° C, kandi ikomeza guhagarara neza no mubintu byinshi byashongeshejwe. Nibyoroshye cyane kuruta ibyuma bivangwa nicyuma, ariko, kandi birashobora kuvunika munsi yubushyuhe bwumuriro cyangwa ingaruka zubukanishi.
Mugihe uhuza ibikoresho nubushyuhe, burigihe ukoreshe urwego rukomeza rwa serivise nkibanze shingiro aho kuba igipimo cya laboratoire.
Niba inzira yawe izunguruka buri gihe hagati yubushyuhe bwicyumba nubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gukora, ugomba kandi kugabanya igipimo cyiza cyubushyuhe kugirango ubone uburyo bwo kwaguka kwinshi no kugabanuka.
Intambwe ya 2: Suzuma Ruswa hamwe ningaruka ziterwa na chimique
Nubwo ibintu bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwizina, imiti itunguranye irashobora gusenya umuyoboro urinda amashyanyarazi mugice gito cyubuzima bwawo buteganijwe.
Mubikorwa byinshi byubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ikirere gikikije kirimo ibice byangirika bidahita bigaragara mubishushanyo mbonera byimikorere.
Guhitamo Amavuta ya Chloride, Sulfide na Molten Ibidukikije
Ibice bitandukanye birwanya ruswa bitwara bitandukanye cyane iyo bihuye nibitangazamakuru byihariye bikaze, kandi ntamuti uhari ukorera kuri buri kintu cyangirika cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru:
- Mu bidukikije birimo sulfure nyinshi, bikunze kugaragara mu ziko rikoresha amavuta aremereye, ibyuma bisanzwe 300-byuma bitagira umwanda bizahura nigitero cya sulfide. Incoloy 825 itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ibice byombi bya sulfure no kugabanya aside irike ku bushyuhe bugera kuri 850 ° C, nubwo iyi mipaka igomba kugabanuka munsi ya 700 ° C mugihe hagabanijwe cyane.
- Kubikorwa birimo chloride nyinshi, nko gutwika imyanda cyangwa sisitemu yumunyu yashongeshejwe, ibyuma bisanzwe bidafite ingese bizatera ihungabana. Inconel 625 itanga imbaraga zikomeye zo kurwanya igitero cya chloride hamwe nimbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru zubushyuhe bwo hejuru, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa serivisi bukomeza buri hagati ya 980 ° C kugeza 1100 ° C, bigenda bihindagurika bitewe nuburinganire bwuzuye hamwe nikirere gikikije.
- Mu kirere gikabije cyangwa nitriding ikirere, ndetse na nikel nyinshi ya nikel irashobora kwangirika mugihe runaka. Muri ibi bihe, umuyoboro mwinshi wa alumina cyangwa silicon karbide ikingira akenshi itanga igihe kirekire cyumurimo kuruta icyuma cyose.
Ikosa rikunze kugaragara hano ni uguhitamo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru butarinze gusuzuma ibyuzuye gaze.
Ndetse ijanisha rito ryibintu byangirika bisa nkibidafite agaciro ku mpapuro birashobora gutuma habaho gutungurwa gutunguranye kunanirwa no kunanirwa nyuma yamasaha menshi yo gukora.
Intambwe ya 3: Konte ya Mechanical Stress, Abrasion na umuvuduko w umuvuduko
Ubushyuhe no kwangirika byonyine ntibisobanura kuramba.
Ibikoresho byinshi byinganda byerekana imiyoboro irinda thermocouple imbaraga zikomeza imashini zishobora kwambara cyangwa gusenya inteko mbere yuko ruswa iba ikintu kigabanya imipaka.
Gazi yihuta cyane itwara ivu ryisazi, ivumbi rya sima, cyangwa uduce duto twa minerval bizagenda byangirika hejuru yinyuma yigitereko kirinda ibyuma, kabone niyo ibikoresho ubwabyo bihuza nibikorwa.
Muri ibi bihe, uruzitiro runini cyane cyangwa uruzitiro rudashobora kwangirika rushobora kuramba cyane.
Imiyoboro yo gukingira yashyizwe mu buryo butambitse cyangwa ikagura intera ndende mu muyoboro w’ibikorwa nayo ishobora guhindagurika no guhangayika.
Muri ibi bihe, umuyoboro muremure cyane-nikel alloy umuyoboro urashobora kunama cyangwa kuvunika, ndetse no mubushyuhe buri munsi yumubare ntarengwa wacyo.
Kuri ibi bisabwa muburyo bukoreshwa, guhitamo ubushyuhe buke buke-buke ariko ibikoresho byimbaraga zububiko akenshi bivamo kwizerwa muri rusange.
Intambwe ya 4: Kuringaniza Ubushyuhe bwo Gusubiza Igihe n'imbaraga zubaka
Umuyoboro mwinshi cyane, urinda imashini bizagabanya umuvuduko umuvuduko wa termocouple y'imbere ushobora kumenya impinduka zubushyuhe.
Ibi birema ubucuruzi bwibanze abajenjeri benshi birengagiza mugihe cyo gutoranya.
Niba sisitemu yawe yo kugenzura ishingiye kubushyuhe bwihuse, bwihuse kugirango uhindure umuriro, igipimo cyibiryo, cyangwa umutekano uhuza, umuyoboro uremereye wikingira uruzitiro urashobora gushiraho ibipimo bihagije byo gupima kugirango ugabanye imikorere yubugenzuzi.
Amategeko rusange ni uko gukuba kabiri urukuta rwumuringoti urinda ibyuma bikubye hafi inshuro ebyiri ubushyuhe bwigihe cyo guterana.
Kubisabwa aho igisubizo cyihuse ari ingenzi, urashobora guhitamo witonze ubunini buke bworoheje bwurukuta rufite imbaraga zihagije, cyangwa ugakoresha imyunyu ngugu ya minisiteri yubushyuhe hamwe na diameter ntoya yo hanze.
Intego ntabwo ari ugukoresha imbaraga nyinshi mugiciro cyo gupima, cyangwa kugabanya umubyimba wurukuta cyane kuburyo umuyoboro umeneka nyuma yibyumweru bike ukora.
Kubintu bitatu mubisanzwe byogushiraho, urashobora gukoresha aya mabwiriza yihuse:
- Kubirebire birebire byinjira mumiyoboro minini, hitamo byibuze uburebure bwa mmmm 2,5mm kugirango wirinde kunama munsi yinyeganyeza
- Kubwumuvuduko mwinshi wuzuye ivumbi ryuzuye flue, hitamo uburebure bwa 3mm cyangwa bunini bwurukuta kugirango wongere ubuzima bwo gukuramo
- Kumagare akonje-ashyushye cyane, irinde gushushanya cyane urukuta rushobora kwihutisha gucika intege
Amakosa Rusange yo Guhitamo Kwirinda Mubikorwa Byinganda
Ndetse n'amakipe afite uburambe ahora asubiramo amakosa amwe ashobora kwirindwa mugihe agaragaza imiyoboro irinda thermocouple:
- Guhitamo ibikoresho bishingiye gusa ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, ukirengagiza uburyo bukomeza bwo gukora → Kugenzura byihuse: kwemeza ubushyuhe bwiminsi 30 yo gukora
- Dufashe ko ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buvanze buzahita burwanya ubwoko bwose bwa ruswa yangirika check Kugenzura byihuse: gusubiramo ibyuzuye gaze
- Kwirengagiza ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe mugihe uhinduye hagati yubukonje butangiye nubushyuhe bwuzuye bwo gukora check Kugenzura byihuse: kubara ubushyuhe bwikigereranyo buri cyumweru
- Guhitamo umurambararo muto ushoboka kugirango utezimbere igihe cyo gusubiza, utabariyemo gukuramo no kunyeganyega mu muyoboro check Kugenzura byihuse: kugenzura umuvuduko w’amazi no gupakira ivumbi
Gufata iminota 15 yinyongera kugirango uhuze ibikorwa byose birwanya ibintu mbere yo kurangiza ibisobanuro birashobora gukumira ibyumweru byo kubungabunga bitateganijwe kandi byatakaye nyuma.
Imbonerahamwe yo Kugereranya Ibikoresho
| Icyiciro cyibikoresho | Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bukomeza | Imbaraga Zibanze Zangirika | Inganda zisanzwe zikoreshwa | Imipaka ntarengwa |
| 316 Icyuma | 600 ° C. | Ruswa rusange | Gazi yubushyuhe buke, amashyiga asanzwe yinganda | Imikorere mibi iri hejuru ya 600 ° C. |
| Incoloy 800 | 1100 ° C. | Imashini, karburizasi yoroheje | Ahantu ho gutekera, itanura ryo kuvura ubushyuhe | Kurwanya imbaraga za chloride zikomeye |
| Inconel 600 | 1150 ° C. | Oxidation, gusiganwa ku magare | Gufata ubushyuhe, amashyiga yubushyuhe bwo hejuru | Vulnerable to sulfidation ikabije |
| Inconel 625 | 980 ° C - 1100 ° C. | Chloride, kugabanya aside | Gutwika imyanda, inzira yumunyu ushonga | Igiciro kinini |
| Incoloy 825 | 850 ° C (700 ° C max mugabanuka gukomeye) | Sulfide, acide aside | Gazi ya peteroli ikomoka kuri peteroli | Ntabwo ari ugukoresha igihe kirekire hejuru ya 900 ° C. |
| Alumina | 1600 ° C. | Icyuma gishongeshejwe, cyangirika cyane | Ibyuma bishongeshejwe, itanura ryubushyuhe bwo hejuru | Kumeneka, kumva neza ihungabana ryumuriro |
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Nshobora gukoresha ibikoresho bimwe byo gukingira ubushyuhe bwombi hamwe na ruswa ikabije?
Nta kintu na kimwe gikora neza kuri buri guhuza ubushyuhe bukabije hamwe na ruswa ikabije.
Kubintu bisabwa cyane bivanze, ibikoresho byinshi bikoresha igishushanyo mbonera gihuza ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwimbere bwimbere hamwe na ruswa idashobora kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika, aho kugerageza guhatira ikintu kimwe kugirango gikemuke ibisabwa byose.
Nigute uburebure bwurukuta bugira ingaruka mubuzima bwa serivisi hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwumuriro urinda ubushyuhe?
Kongera umubyimba wurukuta bitezimbere imbaraga zumukanishi kandi byongerera igihe ubuzima bwa serivisi ahantu habi, ariko kandi byongera ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa tube.
Ibi bidindiza ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, bivuze ko thermocouple izatwara igihe kirekire kugirango igaragaze impinduka zihuse mubushyuhe bwibikorwa.
Kubikorwa rusange byinganda zikoreshwa, uburebure bwurukuta hagati ya 1.5mm na 3mm butanga uburinganire bwuzuye hagati yo kuramba no gupima.
Ni ubuhe buzima busanzwe bwa serivise yinganda zo gukingira inganda mu bihe bisanzwe byakazi?
Mugihe gihamye, kidahwitse, kitangirika, umuyoboro urinzwe neza watoranijwe urashobora gutanga imyaka 1 kugeza kuri 3 yumurimo uhoraho.
Muburyo bukabije cyangwa bubora cyane ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubuzima buteganijwe burashobora kugabanuka kugeza kumezi 3 kugeza 6.
Inzira yizewe cyane yo kugereranya ubuzima bwa serivisi nyayo nukwerekana amakuru yimikorere yamateka avuye mubikorwa bisa ninganda zawe, aho kwishingikiriza gusa kumibare rusange yakozwe.
