Monel alloy zvikamu zvikamu zveindasitiri zvakagadzirwa kubva kune nickel-copper alloy system uye inogadzirwa kuburikidza nekukanda, machining, kana kuumba. Iwo anotsanangurwa uko kabhoni simbi, simbi isina tsvina, uye mamwe akawanda alloys haakwanise kusimuka: sevhisi yemvura yegungwa, hydrofluoric acid kubata, kuderedza asidhi nharaunda, uye alkaline process hova. A Monel alloy chikamu hachisi chikamu chimwe chete chechigadzirwa. Imhuri yezvikamu zvine giredhi rezvinyorwa, nzira yekugadzira, uye zvinodiwa zvekuongorora zvinofanirwa kuenderana neiyo chaiyo sevhisi mamiriro. Ichi chinyorwa chinovaka icho chikamu chemufananidzo nechikamu: chii chinonzi Monel, ndeapi mamakisi akakosha kune zvikamu, mabatiro anoita zvinhu, maitiro ekukanda uye machining anosarudzwa, ndeapi marudzi ezvikamu zveMonel anotorwa, kwaanoshandiswa, uye izvo mutengi anofanira kusimbisa asati aisa odha.
Chii chinonzi Monel Alloy Chikamu?
Monel imhuri yenickel-copper alloy umo nickel ndiyo inonyanya kukosha, kazhinji 63% shoma (Ni + Co), ine mhangura seyo huru yekuwedzera alloying muhuwandu hunosvika 28% kusvika 34%. Idzo simbi mbiri dzinoumba inoenderera yakasimba mhinduro, iyo inopa alloy yakagadzikana imwe-chikamu austenitic chimiro pane yakafara tembiricha renji uye inosimbisa zvese zviri zviviri maitiro ayo ekuora uye kuoma kwayo.
Chikamu cheMonel alloy chero chikamu chinogadzirwa kubva kune ino alloy system: pombi yakakandwa yekugara, hunde yevharuvhu yakagadzirwa, chisungo chefoge, chubhu yakamonerwa uye yakasungirirwa kupisa-exchanger. Izvo zvinhu zvinogona kupihwa sekukanda, bar stock, ndiro, chubhu, forgings, kana waya, uye nzira yekugadzira chikamu inotevera kubva pachimiro uye huwandu hunodiwa.
Monel inowanzoiswa pamwe chete nickel-based alloy zvikamu, asi haifanirwe kubatwa seinochinjika nechero nickel alloy. Inconel, Incoloy, uye Hastelloy ndeyemhando dzakasiyana dzealloy masisitimu ane akasiyana ekusimbisa uye ekuora maitiro. Monel ndiyo chaiyo nickel-copper bazi, uye mukati mebazi iro, Monel 400 ndiyo inonyanya kutaurwa giredhi, kunyangwe isiri iyo yega. Musiyano unoshanda unobata padanho rekutenga: dhirowa inodaidzira "Monel" isina nhamba yeUNS inosiya nzvimbo yakawandisa yekududzira.
Iyo corrosion mechanism yeMonel inosiyana neyesimbi isina tsvina nenzira yakakosha. Simbi dzisina tsvina dzinotsamira pane chromium-rich passive film. Monel haitsamiri pane chromium pakudzivirira. Kupokana kwayo kunobva kune nickel-copper solid solution pachayo, iyo ine thermodynamically yakagadzikana mukudzikisa uye kwayakarerekera midhiya uko masimbi asina tsvina anogona kunetseka. Mumvura yegungwa, semuenzaniso, 316L simbi isina tsvina inokanganisa kurwiswa kwekloride-induced localized attack uye stress corrosion cracking pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, nepo Monel 400 inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuti inopikisa chloride stress corrosion cracking uye inoita zvakanaka mumvura inoyerera yegungwa. Izvo hazviiti Monel pasi rose "nani"; inoita kuti ive chishandiso chakasiyana cheyakasiyana seti yemamiriro, kusanganisira kuderedza acids, hydrofluoric acid, uye nharaunda dzemugungwa.
Common Monel Alloy Magiredhi uye Misiyano Yawo
Magiredhi maviri anoverengera mazhinji eMonel alloy zvikamu mukutenga maindasitiri: Monel 400 uye Monel K-500. Ivo vanogovana zvakafanana nickel-mhangura base asi havachinjike.
Monel 400 (UNS N04400)
Monel 400 ndiyo yakasimba-mhinduro giredhi. Inosimbiswa ne nickel-copper solid solution pachayo kwete nekunaya kwemvura, uye inopihwa mune annealed kana kutonhora-inoshanda mamiriro zvichienderana nechigadzirwa fomu uye inodiwa simba nhanho. Kune yakavharwa tsvimbo nebhara, iyo shoma yakataurwa simba rekusimba rinowanzoita 482 MPa (70 ksi), ine simba shoma regoho re172 MPa (25 ksi) uye kushoma kurebesa kwe35%. Yakajairika annealed values inokwira - yakashumwa simba rekusimba rinosvika 517–620 MPa, goho resimba re172–345 MPa, uye kurebesa kwe35–60% zvichienderana nechimiro nekukura. Aya makoshero anosiyana nechimiro chechigadzirwa, saizi, uye chiyero chekuyedza, saka chirevo chekutenga chinofanirwa kunongedzera kune inoshanda ASTM kana AMS chiyero pane kuvimba nepepa rimwe chete re data.
Monel 400 inowanikwa sendiro, shiti, tambo, bhaa, tsvimbo, chubhu, pombi, yekuumba stock, uye castings. Zvakajairwa zvigadzirwa zviyero zvinosanganisira ASTM B127 yendiro uye shiti, ASTM B164 yetsvimbo uye bhaa, ASTM B165 yemusono chubhu, uye ASTM B564 yeforgings. Mumutauro wekutenga, "Monel 400 chikamu" uye "Monel alloy 400 chikamu" kazhinji zvinoreva chinhu chimwe chete: chikamu chakagadzirwa kubva kuUNS N04400. Nhamba yeUNS ndiyo identifier isina kujeka yekuisa padhirowa.
Monel K-500 (UNS N05500)
Monel K-500 ndiyo zera-kuoma vhezheni. Inochengeta nickel-copper base asi inowedzera aluminium uye titanium, iyo inoumba yakanaka γ′ precipitates yeakarairwa Ni₃(Al,Ti) panguva yekudzora kuchembera kurapwa. Kunaya kwemvura kunosimudza simba zvakanyanya. Kune inotonhora-inodhonzwa uye yachembera tsvimbo nebhari kuASTM B865 / AMS 4676, kushoma tensile simba rinowanzoita 896 MPa (130 ksi) uye kushoma goho simba 586 MPa (85 ksi). Yakajairika tsika dzevakuru dzakakwira - ingangoita 1,100 MPa tensile uye 790 MPa goho, nekurebesa kwakatenderedza 20%.
Kurapa kwekuchembera kunoenderana nefomu yechigadzirwa uye chirevo chekutonga. Pamusoro pezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa, purogiramu yevamiririri ndeye 580-590 ° C kwemaawa 8-10 inoteverwa nekutonhora kwemhepo; yechirimo-hasha zvinhu, 530–540°C kwemaawa 4–6 zvichiteverwa nekutonhodzwa kwemhepo. Mamwe mafomu echigadzirwa anogona kushandisa akasiyana-tembiricha musanganiswa wenguva mukati mehupamhi hwakawanda. K-500 yekutenga odha inofanirwa kunongedzera chiyero chinoshanda uye kutaura mamiriro anodiwa kwete kutora kutenderera kumwechete kwepasirese kuchembera.
Musiyano unoshanda wechikamu chekusarudza wakatwasuka. Monel 400 inosarudzwa uko kushora uye kuumbwa ndiko kunonyanya kukosha uye simba rine mwero rakakwana. Monel K-500 inosarudzwa painoda kupikisa kusimba kwakafanana asi chikamu chacho zvakare chinofanirwa kutakura mutoro wemuchina wepamusoro kana kuramba kupfeka: pombi shafts, ma impellers, madzinde evharuvhu, uye zvisungo zvesimba zvakajairwa K-500. K-500 zvakare inoramba isiri-magineti kusvika ku -101 ° C (-150 ° F), iyo inokosha mune mamwe mafuta uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.
| Feature | Monel 400 (N04400) | Monel K-500 (N05500) |
| Base system | Nickel-mhangura yakasimba mhinduro | Nickel-mhangura ine Al uye Ti yekuwedzera |
| Kusimbisa | Solid-solution kusimbisa | Solid-solution plus γ′ kunaya (kuomesa zera) |
| Yakajairika chikamu chekutarisa | Dzimba dzisingadziviriki, zvigadziriso, tubing, zvinopisa-zvinopisa | Higher-simba shafts, impellers, stems, fasteners |
| Kurapa kwekupisa | Anealed kana kutonhora-akashanda | Solution annealed, ipapo zera rakaoma |
| Magnetic maitiro | Zvishoma magineti pakupisa kwekamuri | Isiri-magnetic kusvika ku -101°C (−150°F) |
Mutengi haafanire kufunga kuti chikamu cheK-500 chinogona kungotsiviwa nechikamu cheMonel 400, kana kuti reverse. Kurapa kwekuchembera kunoshandura zviyero zvishoma, maitiro ekugadzira anosiyana, uye chiyero chesimba-kuoma hakuna kufanana. Iyo giredhi callout padhirowa uye yekutenga odha inofanirwa kuenderana nebasa rakatarisirwa sevhisi.
Mamwe mamakisi eMonel aripo, akadai seMonel 401 neMonel 404, asi anogara akamanikana uye haasi iwo mamakisi makuru anowanikwa mune zvakajairika Monel alloy chikamu chekutenga. Kune akawanda maindasitiri ekutenga sarudzo, iyo 400-kuchipikisa-K-500 musiyano ndiyo inonyanya kukosha.
Zvinhu zvakakosha zveMonel Alloy Parts
Zvinhu zvinoita kuti Monel ibatsire muzvikamu haisi nhamba imwe chete yemusoro. Iwo musanganiswa: kusagadzikana kwecorrosion mune chaiyo midhiya, mwero wepakati-kusvika-pamusoro wesimba, kusimba kwakanaka, uye maitiro emuviri anofanotaurwa. Izvo zvakakosha kune chikamu dhizaini uye kutenga ndeyekuti izvo zvivakwa zvinoenderana sei nenharaunda yebasa.
Corrosion resistance yakasungirirwa kune chaiyo media
Monel 400 inoita zvakanaka mumvura yegungwa, kunyanya kuyerera kwemvura yegungwa, uye mukusarerekera uye alkaline munyu mhinduro. Inonyanya kupikisa hydrochloric uye hydrofluoric acids kana yakasvibiswa, uye inoratidza kumira zvakanaka kune sulfuric acid pasi pekuderedza mamiriro. Mune hydrofluoric acid sevhisi, Monel inowanzosarudzwa nekuti kuramba kwayo kwakaoma kuenzanisa nesimbi isina tsvina kana titanium. Kudzivirirwa kwakakosha zvakaenzana: aeration inowedzera corrosion rates mumaasidhi aya, uye oxidizing acid salt senge ferric chloride inokonzeresa kushomeka. Monel haisi yechinangwa che "acid-proof" alloy; mukana wayo wakanangidzirwa mukuderedza uye kwete-oxidizing nharaunda.
Aya epakati-chaiwo maitiro ndosaka chikamu cheMonel alloy chisingafanirwe kutsanangurwa pahwaro hwe "corrosion resistance" chete. Sarudzo yekutenga inoda svikiro, fungidziro, tembiricha yekushandisa, uye mamiriro emhepo. Pasina izvozvo, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu hakuna kukwana.
Mechanical uye maitiro emuviri anoenderana nezvikamu
Monel 400 inosanganisa pakati-kusvika-yakakwirira simba nekunaka ductility uye kuoma. Iyo inochengetedza anobatsira emuchina zvivakwa kubva pasi-zero tembiricha kusvika kunosvika 480 ° C mumhepo, kupfuura izvo kuyera kunova muganhu. Density yeMonel 400 ingangoita 8.8 g/cm³, thermal conductivity ingangoita 21.8 W/m·K, uye alloy ine magineti zvishoma pakamuri tembiricha ine tembiricha yeCurie mumhando ye20°C kusvika 50°C. Aya maitiro emuviri ane basa muchikamu chekugadzira: density inokanganisa uremu uye inertia muzvikamu zvinotenderera; iyo thermal conductivity inokanganisa kupisa kwekushisa muzvikamu zvekutsinhanisa uye chizvarwa chekupisa panguva yekugadzira; iyo magineti diki inobata mumidziyo uye zvikamu uko magineti permeability inodzorwa.
Monel K-500 inovaka pane imwechete corrosion base asi inopa yakanyanya kusimba simba mushure mekuchembera. Iyo inoramba isiri-magnetic kusvika ku -101 ° C (-150 ° F), inova mukana mune mamwe downhole uye sensor zvikamu. Iko kutengeserana ndeyekuti kurapwa kwekukwegura kunowedzera matanho ekugadzirisa uye kunoda kutonga kwevira; chikamu cheK-500 hachingori chikamu cheMonel 400 chine zita rakasiyana.
Kushanda-kuomesera nemigumisiro yaro
Monel alloys inoshanda zvakasimba nekukurumidza panguva yekucheka uye kutonhora kuumba. Mukugadzira, iyo yepamusoro-soro inoomesa-inoomesa nekukurumidza pamberi uye kuseri kwekucheka, iyo inosimudza masimba ekucheka, inomhanyisa kupfeka kwezvishandiso, uye inogona kutungamirira kune yakavakirwa-kumusoro kumucheto uye kushata kwepamusoro kupera kana oparesheni isingadzoreki. Uku hakusi kukanganisa kwezvinhu; ihwo hunhu hunoumba chirongwa chekugadzira. Ichi zvakare chikonzero nei Monel alloy machining inowanzosvikwa neyakapinza maturusi, yakanaka rake geometry, uye yekucheka ma paramita anodzivirira kugara mukucheka.
Kune vatengi vechikamu, maitiro ekuomesa-basa ane chirevo chakananga chekutenga. Chitoro chinobata Monel kunge 316 simbi isina simbi chingangonetsekana nehupenyu hwematurusi, dimensional kuenderana, uye kutendeka kwepasi. Mutengesi machining maitiro saka chikamu chezvinofanira kuongororwa, kwete zvekufungidzira.
Maitiro ekugadzira eMonel Alloy Zvikamu
Monel alloy components zvinogadzirwa nenzira ina huru: kukanda, machining, kuumba, uye kuumba / welding. Kukanda uye kugadzira kunotonga nzvimbo yekugadzira chikamu, uye vanobatwa pano nenzira iyoyo.
Casting
Kukandira kunoshandiswa kana chikamu chejometri chakaoma, kana mavhesi emukati kana cored maficha achidikanwa, kana kugadzira padhuze-mambure chimiro kunoderedza marara emidziyo uye kunotevera machining. Kukanda jecha, kuisa mari, uye centrifugal casting zvose zvinoshandiswa kune nickel-copper alloys.
Casting Monel inopa maitiro ematambudziko ayo anowanikwa anofanira kudzora. Iyo alloy ine yakanyanya kunyunguduka siyana, yakatenderedza 1,300 ° C kusvika 1,350 ° C, uye inowanzoitika kune gasi kunyura uye shrinkage porosity kana geting nekusimuka zvisina kugadzirwa nemazvo. Kudurura tembiricha yekudzora, mold permeability, uye kuita zvekudyisa zvese zvinokanganisa kunaka. Idzi inyaya dzekutanga-maitiro, asi dzinova nyaya yemutengi kana kukanda kwatsanangurwa pasina chinodiwa. Kutenga kwekukanda kunofanirwa kutaura nzira yekugamuchirwa yeporosity uye nzira yekuongorora, kwete chete giredhi realloy.
Nickel alloy ekukanda zvikamu zvebasa reMonel zvinowanzobatanidza miviri yepombi, miviri yevharuvhu, mapombi, uye mafittings. Chiitiko chemugadziri ane nickel-copper alloys ndiyo inonyanya kukosha dhizaini pane general ferrous casting ruzivo, nekuti kusimba uye gasi maitiro anosiyana.
Machining
Machining anovhara akatendeuka, akagayiwa, akadhirowa, uye akaiswa shinda, uye ndiyo nzira yekusarudzika yezvikamu zvinogadzirwa kubva kubhawa, ndiro, kana forgings: shafts, mabhaudhi, flanges, mavharuvhu madzinde, uye majoini. Monel 400 machining inoitwa zvakanyanya asi inoda kuremekedzwa kwemaitiro ekuomesa-alloy uye maitiro ayo ekugadzira kupisa panzvimbo yekucheka.
Iyo inoshanda machining mitemo yeMonel inopindirana pane ese tekinoroji masosi: shandisa inopinza, yakanaka-rake tooling; chengetedza chikafu chakakwana uye kudzika kwekucheka kuti upinde pasi pebasa-rakaomeswa layer; dzivisa kukwesha kana kugara; uye ronga roughing uye kupedzisa kuitira kuti nzvimbo yakapedzwa isasara neyakakanganiswa. Carbide tooling yakajairika, uye ceramic kana PCBN tooling inoshandiswa mune mamwe mashandisirwo apo muchina uye kuseta kwakaomarara zvakakwana. Kana chikamu cheMonel chichida kushivirira kwakasimba uye kupera kwakanaka kwepamusoro, kutevedzana kwemuchina kunogona kusanganisira nhanho-yekuzorodza nhanho pakati pekukasira uye kupedzisa kudzora kukanganisa.
Nickel alloy machining parts muMonel saka anosiyana nesimbi isina tsvina panguva yekutenderera uye mutengo wekushandisa, kunyangwe iyo geometry yakafanana. Mutengesi anonzwisisa izvi achatora uye kuronga zvinoenderana; mutengesi asingakwanise kuendesa zvikamu zvine zviyero zvisingaenderane kana kuperera kwepamusoro.
Kugadzira uye kugadzira
Kugadzira kunoshandiswa kune zvikamu zvinoda kuyerera zviyo uye yakagadziridzwa michina zvivakwa, senge shafts, miviri yevharuvhu, uye yakakwirira-kutendeseka fasteners. Monel 400 forging stock yakafukidzwa nezviyero zvakaita seASTM B564, uye forgings inogona kuzoita kugadzirwa kusvika zviyero zvekupedzisira. Kugadzira uye welding zvinoenderana neplate-based components, tube assemblies, uye welded machira. Monel 400 ine weldability yakanaka neyakajairwa maitiro, ine filler simbi kusarudzwa uye utsanana zviri chikuru kudzora; post-weld heat treatment haidiwi nguva dzose pakuita corrosion resistance, kunyange hazvo stress inogona kutsanangurwa kuti dimensional kugadzikana.
Kune akawanda etsika Monel zvikamu, nzira yekugadzira haisi imwe chete maitiro asi ketani. Pombi yakakandwa yepombi inogona kugadzirwa pazviso zvayo zveflange nekuboora; museve wakagadzirwa unogona kutenderedzwa, worukwa, woitwa pasi. Kugadzirwa kwechikamu cheMoneri saka kunosanganisira sarudzo padanho rega rega, uye chirevo chekutenga chinofanira kujekesa kuti ndeapi matanho ibasa remupi.
Monel Alloy Casting vs. Machining: Nguva Yokushandisa Imwe neimwe
Sarudzo pakati pekukanda uye machining yeMonel alloy chikamu inotungamirwa nejometry, huwandu, kushivirira, uye kuongorora zvinodiwa, kwete nekuda kweimwe nzira pamusoro peimwe. Nzira dzose dziri mbiri dziri pamutemo, uye ese ari maviri anogona kuburitsa zvikamu zvinosangana nezvakafanana.
Kukandira ndiyo nzira yakakodzera kana chikamu chine chimiro chekunze chakaoma kana ndima dzemukati izvo zvingada machining akakura kubva kune yakasimba, kana huwandu huchipembedza maturusi uye mapatani mutengo, kana padhuze-mambure chimiro chinoderedza mutengo wakakwana wezvinhu uye machining. Pombi ine volute, muviri wevharuvhu une nzira inoyerera, kana impeller ine curved vanes masikirwo ekukandwa. Nzira yekukanda inofambisa kuoma kwejometri muforoma, uko inodzokororwa mune zvehupfumi mukati mekuita kwekugadzira.
Machina kubva kubhawa, ndiro, kana kuforoma ndiyo nzira yakakodzera kana chikamu chiri nyore geometrically asi chinodiwa, kana huwandu hwakaderera kana dhizaini ichiri kudzokororwa, kana kana zvinhu zvemukati mufomu yakagadzirwa zvichidikanwa. A Monel fitting inogadzirwa sechikamu chakagadzirwa kubva kuhex bar, bhaudhi re monel rakatenderedzwa nekuiswa shinda kubva pabhawa rakatenderera, kana dzinde revharuvhu rakagadzirwa kubva kubhawa mienzaniso yakajairika. Machining inopa kutonga kwakananga pamusoro pekushivirira, kupedzisa kwepamusoro, uye shinda yemhando, uye inodzivirira iyo yekushandisa yekutungamira nguva inoda kukanda.
Nzira mbiri idzi dzinowanzobatanidzwa. Iyo Monel alloy casting inogona kutsanangurwa nemachining allowance, yobva yabhowekana, yakatarisana, yakadhirowa, uye yakadhindwa kusvika pazviyero zvekupedzisira. Iyi nzira yakasanganiswa yakajairika pombi uye mavharuvhu: iyo yekutanga inoburitsa ruzha padhuze-mambure ekukanda, uye chitoro chemuchina chinomisikidza zvakakosha uye yekuisa chisimbiso nzvimbo. Kune mutengi, kiyi ndeyekutsanangura kuti ndedzipi nzvimbo dzakakandwa uye dzakagadzirwa nemichina, uye kutsanangura zvinodiwa zvekuongorora kune ese ari maviri.
Hurongwa hwekutonga hunoshanda hunotarisa zvinhu zvina. Geometry yakaoma inofarira kukanda. Huwandu hunofarira kukanda kana chishandiso chaderedzwa, nepo hushoma hunofarira machining. Kushivirira uye kupedzwa kwepamusoro kunodiwa kunoda machining eiyo yakakosha maficha. Uye iyo inogamuchirika nzira yekuongorora ine basa: kukanda kungangoda radiography kana ongororo yemukati yekunzwika kwemukati, nepo zvikamu zvemuchina zvinosimbiswa mativi uye nekupedza kwepamusoro. Hapana chimwe chezvipembenene izvi chete chinosarudza nzira; zvinoyerwa pamwechete.
Custom Monel zvikamu zvinogara zvichitsanangurwa pasina mutengi kutaura maitiro aanofarira. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kurudziro yemutengesi inofanirwa kubatwa sechikumbiro chehunyanzvi, kwete chekutadza. Mutengi anofanirwa kubvunza kuti sei kukanda kana kugadzira kwakasarudzwa, chii chinotarisirwa kunzwika kana kugona kwekushivirira, uye kuti chirongwa chekuongorora chinowirirana sei nebasa rechikamu.
Mhando Dzakajairika dzeMonel Alloy Zvikamu
Monel alloy zvikamu zvinoonekwa mumhuri dzinoverengeka dzinozivikanwa dzinoshanda. Tafura iri pazasi inomepu mhando dzakajairwa kune yavo yakajairika kugadzira nzira, giredhi maitiro, uye sevhisi basa. Chikamu chegiredhi chinoratidza sarudzo iripo, kwete mutemo wakasarudzika; giredhi chairo rinofanira kutevera mamiriro ebasa.
| Chikamu chemhando | Common kugadzira nzira | Yakajairika Monel giredhi | Basa rebasa rekutanga |
| Fasteners: mabhaudhi, nzungu, washers | Machining kubva kubhawa | Monel 400 kana K-500 | Corrosion-resistant bolted connections mumarine and chemical service |
| Fittings: elbows, tees, connectors, flanges | Machining kana kukanda, zvichienderana nehukuru uye huwandu | Monel 400 | Kubatanidzwa kwepombi mumvura yegungwa nemakemikari masisitimu |
| Fluid-inobata zvikamu: miviri yepombi, impellers, miviri yevharuvhu, madzinde, zvigaro | Kukandira, kugadzira, kana kukanda pamwe nekugadzira | Monel 400 yebasa rekuora; K-500 yepamusoro-simba shafts uye madzinde | Inofamba uye ine zvinwiwa zvinoparadza |
| Zvimiro uye shaft zvikamu: shafts, sleeves, bushings, brackets | Machining kubva kubhawa kana kuforoma | Monel 400 kana K-500 | Zvikamu zvinotakura zvinhu munzvimbo dzakanyorova kana dzinoora |
| Heat-transfer components: tube sheets, tubing, exchanger parts | Kukungurutsa, kuumba, kugadzira, kupinza | Monel 400 | Kuchinjana kwekupisa mumvura yegungwa nemakemikari maitiro |
Mafasteners anokodzera kutariswa chaiko nekuti iwo akakwira-vhoriyamu Monel chikamu chikamu. Monel mabhaudhi uye nzungu inogadzirwa kune yekusimbisa mwero senge ASTM F467 uye F468 ye nonferrous bolting, uye Monel 400 fittings inowanzo tengwa kune ASTM B366 kana akaenzana akakodzera masisitimu. Aya akajairwa mazita ane basa: "Monel bolt" isina mwero uye giredhi callout haisi tsananguro yekutenga yakakwana.
Custom Monel zvikamu uye Monel alloy zvikamu zvakarairwa kudhirowa zvinogara neimwe nzira yekutenga. Kune izvi, kudhirowa kunotsanangura iyo geometry, kushivirira, uye zvinhu callout, uye basa remupi nderekuita nzira yekugadzira uye chirongwa chekuongorora. Musiyano uripo pakati peyakajairwa-chikamu chekutenga uye chetsika-chikamu kutenga chinoshandura izvo zvinodiwa nemutengi kutsanangura: chikamu chakajairwa chinotsanangurwa nenhamba yaro yakajairwa uye giredhi, nepo chikamu chetsika chinotsanangurwa nekudhirowa kwayo, chitupa chemidziyo, uye yekuongorora zvinodiwa.
Indasitiri Zvishandiso zveMonel Alloy Zvikamu
Monel alloy zvikamu zvinosarudzwa uko musanganiswa wekupokana kwekuora, simba, uye kuomarara kunokodzera kuratidzwa kwemaindasitiri. Izvo zvikumbiro zviri pasi apa zvakarongwa nemamiriro ebasa anotyaira sarudzo yezvinhu, kwete serondedzero yemaindasitiri nekuda kwavo.
Chemical processing
Kemikari midziyo inobata hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid pasi pekudzikisa mamiriro, uye alkaline hova ndiyo yakakosha nzvimbo yeMonel. Monel 400 zvikamu zvinoonekwa mu reactor internals, heat-exchanger tubing, piping components, pombi uye valve trim, uye pickling-line michina. Iyo yakajairika tambo inoderedza kana isiri-oxidizing kemikari nharaunda uko nickel-mhangura yakasimba mhinduro inopa kugadzikana iyo simbi isina tsvina haigone kuenderana. Yambiro inoenderana yakaenzana: yakasimba oxidizing midhiya, senge nitric acid kana mhinduro dzine ferric ion, dziri kunze kweMonel yaitarisirwa. Kubvunza kemikari yekushandisa kunofanirwa kutaura iyo yepakati, fungidziro, tembiricha, uye aeration mamiriro, nekuti izvo zvinosiyana zvinotarisa kana Monel iri alloy chaiyo zvachose.
Marine uye seawater service
Mapombi emvura yegungwa, mavharuvhu, zvinopisa kupisa, pombi fittings, uye fasteners zviri pakati pezvakanyanya kushandiswa zveMonel 400. Iyo alloy inopikisa kuyerera kwemvura yegungwa uye chloride stress corrosion cracking, uye inoshandiswa papombi shafts, impellers, valve stems, uye zvikamu zvepombi dzemvura yegungwa. Monel K-500 inotambanudza chigadziko chakafanana chekuora kusvika kune yakakwirira-simba shafts uye fasteners uko Monel 400 simba risina kukwana. Mamiriro emugungwa anoratidzawo kuti nei giredhi nemaitiro zvichifanira kufananidzwa: chitubu cheMonel 400 valve body uye nemuchina K-500 pombi shaft mune imwecheteyo nzira yemvura yegungwa vari kuita mabasa emuchina akasiyana nemhuri imwechete yealloy.
Kugadzirwa kwepombi uye valve
Vagadziri vepombi uye mavharuvhu vatengi vakuru veMonel alloy zvikamu nekuti zvigadzirwa zvavo zvinosanganisa corrosive media nemuchina kufamba. Pombi casings, impellers, shafts, kupfeka zvindori, miviri yevharuvhu, zvigaro, madzinde, uye trim zvese zvinomiririra Monel 400 kana K-500 zvichienderana nesimba uye kupfeka zvinodiwa. Iyo nzira yekugadzira inoratidzira iyo geometry: casings nemitumbi inotarisana nekukandira kana kukanda pamwe nekugadzira, nepo shafts, madzinde, uye trim inotarisana nekugadzira kubva kubhawa kana forging. Kune pombi kana vharafu yeOEM, mubvunzo wakakodzera hausi wekungoti "Monel kana stainless" asi kuti ndeipi giredhi reMonel uye nzira yekugadzira ichaunza inodiwa muganho wekumanikidza, dimensional control, uye hupenyu hwekuora.
Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri
Zvikamu zveMonel zvinoonekwawo mumidziyo yekugadzira oiri negasi, magetsi-chirimwa chekupisa, uye chikafu nekugadzirwa kwemishonga uko kunodiwa simbi isingadziviriri, inocheneswa. Mumafuta uye gasi, Monel K-500 inoshandiswa kune zvisiri-magineti zvikamu zvakadai semadhiri makola uye oiri-tsime maturusi, uye Monel 400 inoshandiswa mavharuvhu uye fittings mubasa rinoparadza. Aya maapplication anogovera imwechete yekusarudzika logic: iyo yepakati uye mechanicha basa rinouya pekutanga, uye giredhi nemaitiro zvinotevera. Nickel-copper alloy parts ndiyo tsananguro yemutauro wemidziyo yemhuri imwe chete, uye inobatsira kana iyo procurement yakatarwa yakarongwa nealloy system kwete nezita rekutengesa.
Chii Chekusimbisa Paunenge Uchitsvaga Monel Alloy Zvikamu
Kutenga kweMonel alloy chikamu kunokundikana nenzira dzinofanotaurwa: giredhi harina kujeka, chiyero hachipo, nzira yekugadzira inosiiwa kumutengesi pasina hunyanzvi, kana zvinodiwa zvekuongorora hazvina kutaurwa. Rondedzero yekusimbisa iri pazasi yakarongwa zvakatenderedza sarudzo dzinonyatso kanganisa kana chikamu chakaunzwa chichiita.
Material giredhi uye mwero. Odha yekutenga inofanirwa kutaura nhamba yeUNS, kwete zita rekutengesa chete. YeMonel 400, iyo UNS N04400; yeMonel K-500, UNS N05500. Iyo inoshandiswa chigadzirwa chiyero chinofanira zvakare kutaurwa: semuenzaniso, ASTM B127 yendiro, B164 yebhawa, B165 yechubhu, B564 yefogi, kana B865 yeK-500 bar, tsvimbo, uye forgings, zvichienderana nefomu yechigadzirwa uye giredhi. Zvekukandira, iyo inoshanda ASTM yekukandira yakatarwa inofanirwa kusimbiswa zvakasiyana isati yekutenga odha yapihwa; iwo zviyero zvakanyorwa pamusoro pekuvhara mafomu akagadzirwa uye K-500 bar / forgings, kwete general Monel casting procurement. Dhirowa inoti "Monel" isina nhamba yeUNS uye chigadzirwa-fomu chiyero chinosiya mutengesi kududzira zvinodiwa.
Dhirowa, zviyero, uye kushivirira. Kune zvetsika Monel zvikamu, iyo dhizaini yekudhirowa inofanirwa kuve iripo, uye iwo akakosha zviyero, kushivirira, kupedzisa kwepamusoro, uye tambo yakatarwa inofanirwa kuve inonzwisisika. Zvekukandira, kudhirowa kunofanirwa kusiyanisa se-yakakandwa nzvimbo kubva pamichina nzvimbo uye inofanirwa kutaura machining mvumo uye dhizaini zvinodiwa. Kune zvikamu zvemuchina, iyo datum chirongwa uye yekuongorora nzira inofanirwa kuve isina kujeka.
Manufacturing process simbiso. Mutengi anofanira kuziva kana mutengesi achida kukanda, muchina kubva kubhawa kana kufoja, kana kusanganisa zvese. Kana kukanda kuchitsanangurwa, ruzivo rweiyo foundry nickel-copper uye nzira yekuongorora inonzwika inofanira kusimbiswa. Kana machining akatsanangurwa, nzira yemupi yekushanda-kuomesera kudzora nekushandisa kunofanirwa kuve chikamu chekukurukurirana kwehunyanzvi. Monel alloy casting uye Monel alloy machining haisi kuchinjika defaults; vanotakura maprofile akasiyana.
Kurapa kwekupisa uye mamiriro. Kune Monel K-500, kurapwa kwekuchembera inhanho yakatarwa uye inofanirwa kusimbiswa zvichienderana neyakajairwa chiyero uye fomu yechigadzirwa. Kune Monel 400, mamiriro acho - akaremerwa, anoregedzerwa-kunetseka, kana kutonhora-akashanda - anofanirwa kutaurwa nekuti anokanganisa simba, zviyero, uye machining maitiro. Chitupa chinoshuma "Monel K-500" isina mamiriro ekuchembera haina kukwana.
Kuongorora uye zvinyorwa. Chitupa chekuyedza zvinhu chine makemikari ekuumbwa uye michina zvivakwa ndiyo yekutanga. Pakukanda, mutengi anogona kutsanangura radiographic, penetrant, kana ultrasonic inspection zvichienderana nekumanikidza kwechikamu kana basa rekuita. Kune zvikamu zvemuchina, dimensional yekuongorora mishumo uye pamusoro pekupedzisira marekodhi ndiwo humbowo hunoenderana. Heat lot traceability inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kubva pachigayo kusvika kune yapera chikamu.
A compact inquiry checklist inobatsira: zvinhu giredhi uye UNS nhamba; inoshanda ASTM kana AMS chiyero chefomu yechigadzirwa; kudhirowa kudzokorora uye zviyero zvakakosha; nzira yekugadzira (yakakandwa, yakagadzirwa, kana zvese); mamiriro ekurapa kupisa; kuongorora zvinodiwa uye zvinyorwa; uye kupisa kwakawanda traceability. Kune akajairwa Monel fittings kana monel mabhaudhi, iyo yakajairwa nhamba uye giredhi zvinotsiva dhirowa, asi chitupa chechinhu uye traceability zvinodiwa zvinoramba zviripo.
FAQ
Ko Monel 400 uye Monel K-500 zvikamu zvinogona kushandiswa zvakasiyana?
Kwete sechipo. K-500 yakaomeswa zera uye yakasimba zvakanyanya, nepo Monel 400 ndiyo yakasimba-mhinduro giredhi. Ivo vanogovana base-inodzivirira corrosion, asi simba, kupisa kurapwa, uye machining maitiro anosiyana. Kutsiva kunofanirwa kuongororwa zvichienderana nemutoro chaiwo uye mamiriro ebasa, kwete kufungidzirwa.
Zvikamu zveMonel alloy zvinobatika here?
Monel 400 ine yakanaka weldability neTIG neMIG maitiro uchishandisa inofananidzira nickel-copper filler simbi, nehutsanana uye kupisa kwekuisa kudzora kuri izvo zvakakosha zvinoshanda zvinodiwa. Post-weld heat treatment haidiwi nguva dzose pakuita corrosion resistance, kunyange hazvo stress inogona kutsanangurwa pane kugadzikana kwedimensional. Welding maitiro qualification inoramba iri mutoro wemupi.
Mutengi anosarudza sei pakati peMonel nesimbi isina tsvina yebasa remvura yegungwa?
Sarudzo inotsamira pane chaiyo mamiriro emvura yegungwa uye chikamu chemuchina basa. Monel 400 inosarudzwa apo chloride stress corrosion cracking resistance uye kushanda mumvura inoyerera yegungwa inodiwa, nepo masimbi asina tsvina ane miganhu yakasiyana uye mari profiles. Sarudzo inofanira kunge yakavakirwa pane yepakati, kuyerera mamiriro, tembiricha, uye inodiwa simba, kwete pane yakajairika sarudzo yemhuri imwe yealloy.
"Monel alloy chikamu" yakafanana ne "Monel 400 chikamu"?
Kwete. Monel alloy chikamu ishoko rakakura kune chero chikamu chakagadzirwa kubva kumhuri nickel-copper alloy. A Monel 400 chikamu chikamu chakagadzirwa zvakananga kubva kuUNS N04400. K-500 zvikamu zvakare Monel alloy zvikamu, asi hazvisi Monel 400 zvikamu.
Ndeupi ruzivo rwekudhirowa runodiwa paMonel casting?
Iyo dhizaini inofanirwa kuratidza iyo as-cast geometry, machining mvumo, dhizaini angles, yakaoma muchina nzvimbo, kushivirira zvinodiwa, uye nzvimbo uye nzira yekugamuchira yechero yakatsanangurwa isingaparadze yekuongorora. Iyo yekusheedzera yemidziyo inofanirwa kusanganisira giredhi rekukanda uye nhamba yeUNS, uye iyo inoshanda ASTM yekukanda mwero inofanirwa kusimbiswa neiyo yekutanga odha isati yaiswa.
Chii chinokanganisa nguva yekutungamira yeMonel alloy parts?
Nguva yekutungamira inoenderana negiredhi, fomu yechigadzirwa kuwanikwa, ingave yekukanda turusi inodiwa, iyo machining zvemukati, uye chiyero chekuongorora. Chikamu chakagadzirwa kubva kubhawa yakachengetwa chinogona kufamba nekukurumidza kupfuura patani nyowani yekukanda pamwe nemvumo yechinyorwa chekutanga. Mutengi anofanira kukumbira mutengesi kuti ataure vatyairi venguva yekutungamira pane kutora nhamba imwe chete pasina hwaro.
Monel alloy zvikamu zvinotsanangurwa kana sevhisi sevhisi ichida kupfuura yakajairwa Stainless simbi inogona kuendesa mukuderedza asidhi, mvura yegungwa, kana alkaline process hova. Mhuri yemidziyo yakamanikana - nickel-copper, ine Monel 400 neK-500 inovhara chikamu chikuru chinodiwa - asi sarudzo dzakaitenderedza hadzisi. Kusarudzwa kwegiredhi, nzira yekugadzira, kurapwa kwekupisa, uye yekuongorora inoumba cheni, uye isina simba chinongedzo chero nguva inogona kukanganisa chikamu chakapedzwa. Mutengi anouya nedhirowa, nhamba yeUNS, chiyero chefomu yechigadzirwa, tarisiro yakataurwa, uye chinodiwa chekuongorora kunhaurirano yemutengesi chiri pachinzvimbo chakasimba kupfuura uyo anokumbira "Monel parts" omirira kotesheni. Kana iyo chaiyo Monel alloy chikamu chinodiwa chatotsanangurwa, chinotevera nhanho kuronga izvo zvishanu zvinhu uye kukumbira hunyanzvi uye hwekutengesa mhinduro pamusoro pavo.
