Izahlulo ze-Monel Alloy: iiPropati, iiNkqubo zoMveliso, kunye nezicelo zoShishino 

Amalungu e-alloy ye-Monel zizinto zemizi-mveliso ezenziwe nge-nickel-copper alloy system kwaye ziveliswa ngokuphosa, umatshini, okanye ukwenza. Zicaciswe apho i-carbon steels, i-stainless steels, kunye nezinye i-alloys ezininzi azikwazi ukubamba: inkonzo yamanzi olwandle, ukuphathwa kwe-hydrofluoric acid, ukunciphisa indawo ye-asidi, kunye nemijelo yenkqubo ye-alkaline. Inxalenye ye-alloy ye-Monel ayiloluhlu lwemveliso enye. Lusapho lwamacandelo anomgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo, indlela yokuvelisa, kunye neemfuno zokuhlolwa kufuneka zihambelane neyona meko yenkonzo. Eli nqaku lakha elo candelo lemifanekiso ngecandelo: yintoni i-Monel, yiyiphi amabakala abalulekileyo kumacandelo, indlela izinto eziphathekayo eziziphatha ngayo, indlela yokuphosa kunye ne-machining ekhethiweyo, zeziphi iintlobo zamacandelo e-Monel afunyenweyo, apho asetyenziswe khona, kwaye yintoni umthengi kufuneka aqinisekise ngaphambi kokubeka umyalelo.

Yintoni iMonel Alloy Part?

I-Monel yintsapho ye-nickel-copper alloy apho i-nickel iyeyona nto ilawulayo, ngokuqhelekileyo i-63% ubuncinane (i-Ni + Co), kunye nobhedu njengolona kudibanisa i-alloying kuluhlu olumalunga nama-28% ukuya kuma-34%. Ezi zinyithi zimbini zenza isisombululo esiqinileyo esiqhubekayo, esinika i-alloy i-alloy ezinzileyo yesigaba esinye sesakhiwo se-austenitic kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu kwaye luxhasa zombini ukuziphatha kwayo kokuhlwa kunye nokuqina kwayo.

Inxalenye ye-alloy ye-Monel nalo naliphi na icandelo elenziwe kule nkqubo ye-alloy: i-cast pump yendlu, isiqu sevalve eyenziwe ngoomatshini, isiqhoboshi esibunjiweyo, ityhubhu yokutshintsha ubushushu egoqiweyo kunye ne-welded. Izinto eziphathekayo zinokubonelelwa njenge-castings, i-bar stock, ipleyiti, i-tube, i-forgings, okanye i-wire, kwaye indlela yokwenza inxalenye ilandela ukusuka kwimilo kunye nobuninzi obufunekayo.

I-Monel idla ngokudityaniswa ne iindawo ze-alloy ezisekelwe kwi-nickel, kodwa akufuneki ukuba iphathwe njengento enokutshintshiselwa ngayo yonke i-nickel alloy. I-Inconel, i-Incoloy, kunye ne-Hastelloy zezezixokelelwano ezahlukeneyo ze-alloy ezineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokomeleza kunye ne-corrosion. I-Monel ngokukodwa isebe le-nickel-copper, kwaye ngaphakathi kwelo sebe, i-Monel 400 lelona bakala lichazwe ngokubanzi, nangona ingeyiyo yodwa. Umahluko osebenzayo ubalulekile kwinqanaba lokuthenga: umzobo obiza i-"Monel" ngaphandle kwenombolo ye-UNS ushiya indawo enkulu yokutolika.

I-corrosion mechanism ye-Monel ihluke kwinsimbi engenasici ngendlela ebalulekileyo. Iintsimbi ezingenasici zixhomekeke kwifilimu etyebileyo yechromium. I-Monel ayixhomekekanga kwichromium ekukhuseleni. Ukuchasana kwayo kuvela kwisisombululo esiqinileyo se-nickel-copper ngokwayo, i-thermodynamically stable ekunciphiseni kunye neendaba ezingathathi hlangothi apho iintsimbi ezingenasici zinokuba nzima. Emanzini olwandle, umzekelo, i-316L insimbi engenasici isengozini yokuhlaselwa kwe-chloride-induced localized and stress corrosion cracking phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ngelixa i-Monel 400 isetyenziswe ngokukodwa ngenxa yokuba ixhathisa i-chloride stress corrosion cracking kwaye iqhuba kakuhle emanzini olwandle ahambayo. Loo nto ayenzi ukuba iMonel ibe “ngcono” jikelele; yenza isixhobo esahlukileyo seemeko ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukunciphisa i-acids, i-hydrofluoric acid, kunye neendawo zaselwandle.

I-Common Monel Alloy Grades kunye noMahluko wabo

Amabakala amabini achaza uninzi lweengxenye ze-alloy ze-Monel ekuthengeni ishishini: i-Monel 400 kunye ne-Monel K-500. Babelana ngesiseko esifanayo se-nickel-copper kodwa abatshintshi.

I-Monel 400 (UNS N04400)

I-Monel 400 libakala elinesisombululo esiqinileyo. Iqiniswa ngesisombululo esiqinileyo se-nickel-copper ngokwayo kunokuba i-recipitation reaction, kwaye inikezelwa kwimeko edibeneyo okanye ebanda ngokuxhomekeke kwifom yemveliso kunye nenqanaba lamandla afunekayo. Kwintonga ene-annealed rod nebar, ubuncinci bokuqina obuchaziweyo bukholisa ukuba yi-482 MPa (70 ksi), kunye namandla esivuno asezantsi angama-172 MPa (25 ksi) kunye nobude obuncinane obungama-35%. Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo ane-annealed ahluka phezulu - amandla axeliweyo amalunga ne-517-620 MPa, amandla esivuno angama-172-345 MPa, kunye nobude be-35-60% ngokuxhomekeke kwifomu kunye nobukhulu. Ezi xabiso ziyahluka kwifom yemveliso, ubungakanani, kunye nomgangatho wovavanyo, ngoko ke umgaqo wokuthenga kufuneka ubhekisele kumgangatho osebenzayo we-ASTM okanye we-AMS kunokuxhomekeka kwiphepha elilodwa ledatha.

I-Monel 400 ifumaneka njengepleyiti, ishiti, umcu, ibha, intonga, ityhubhu, umbhobho, isitokhwe sokubunjwa, kunye nokuphosa. Imigangatho yemveliso eqhelekileyo ibandakanya i-ASTM B127 yeplate kunye neshiti, i-ASTM B164 yentonga kunye ne-bar, i-ASTM B165 ye-tube engenamthungo, kunye ne-ASTM B564 ye-forgings. Ngolwimi lokuthenga, "i-Monel 400 inxalenye" ​​kunye ne "Monel alloy 400 part" ngokuqhelekileyo ithetha into efanayo: inxalenye eyenziwe kwi-UNS N04400. Inombolo ye-UNS sisichongi esingacacanga sokubekwa kumzobo.

I-Monel K-500 (UNS N05500)

I-Monel K-500 yinguqulo enzima yobudala. Igcina isiseko se-nickel-copper kodwa yongeza i-aluminiyam kunye ne-titanium, eyenza i-γ′ i-precipitates e-odolwe ngu-Ni₃(Al,Ti) ngexesha lonyango olulawulwayo lokuguga. Oko kusabela kwemvula konyusa amandla kakhulu. Kwintonga etsalwa ngokubanda kunye nendala kunye nebha ukuya kwi-ASTM B865 / AMS 4676, amandla asezantsi e-tensile akholisa ukuba yi-896 MPa (130 ksi) kunye namandla esivuno esiphantsi angama-586 MPa (85 ksi). Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo abantu abadala angaphezulu - malunga ne-1,100 MPa tensile kunye ne-790 MPa isivuno, kunye nobude obujikeleze i-20%.

Unyango lokuguga luxhomekeke kwifom yemveliso kunye neenkcukacha ezilawulayo. Kwizinto ezifakwe kwi-annealed, ishedyuli yommeli yi-580-590 ° C kwiiyure ze-8-10 ezilandelwa kukupholisa umoya; kwi-spring-temper material, i-530-540 ° C kwiiyure ze-4-6 ezilandelwa kukupholisa umoya. Ezinye iifom zemveliso zinokusebenzisa indibaniselwano yobushushu bexesha elahlukileyo kuluhlu olubanzi. I-oda yokuthenga ye-K-500 kufuneka ibhekiselele kumgangatho osebenzayo kwaye ichaze imeko efunekayo kunokuthatha umjikelo wokuguga wendalo yonke.

Umahluko osebenzayo wokhetho lwenxalenye luthe ngqo. I-Monel 400 ikhethwa apho ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion kunye nokubumba izinto eziphambili kunye namandla aphakathi anele. I-Monel i-K-500 ikhethwa apho ukuxhathisa okufanayo kwe-corrosion kuyadingeka kodwa inxalenye nayo kufuneka ithwale umthwalo ophezulu womatshini okanye ixhathise ukunxiba: i-shafts yepompo, i-impellers, iziqu zevalve, kunye ne-fasteners ephezulu zizinto eziqhelekileyo ze-K-500 izicelo. I-K-500 ikwahlala ingeyo-magnetic ukuya malunga ne-−101 ° C (−150 ° F), ebaluleke kakhulu kwindawo ye-oyile kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki.

Umthengi akufuneki acinge ukuba inxalenye ye-K-500 inokutshintshwa ngokulula kwindawo ye-Monel 400, okanye umva. Unyango lokuguga lutshintsha imilinganiselo kancinane, ukuziphatha komatshini kuyahluka, kwaye ibhalansi yokuqina kokuqina ayifani. I-callout yebakala kumzobo kunye ne-odolo yokuthenga mayingqinelane nomsebenzi ocetywayo wenkonzo.

Amanye amabanga e-Monel akhona, anjenge-Monel 401 ne-Monel 404, kodwa athatha iindawo ezixineneyo kwaye ayingawo awona mabanga aphambili ekufunyenweyo kuwo ekuthengweni kwecandelo le-Monel alloy. Kwizigqibo ezininzi zokuthenga kwimizi-mveliso, umahluko we-400-versus-K-500 yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kuqala.

IiPropathi eziPhambili zeMonel Alloy Parts

Iimpawu ezenza iMonel ibe luncedo kumacandelo ayilo nani elinye lesihloko. Ziyindibaniselwano: ukunganyangeki kwe-corrosion kwimidiya ethile, inqanaba lamandla aphakathi ukuya phezulu, ukuqina okuhle, kunye nokuziphatha komzimba okuqikelelweyo. Okubalulekileyo kuyilo lwenxalenye kunye nokuthengwa kwempahla kukuba ezo propati zihambelana njani nendawo yenkonzo.

Ukumelana nokubola okubotshelelwe kumajelo athile eendaba

I-Monel 400 isebenza kakuhle kumanzi olwandle, ngakumbi amanzi olwandle ahambayo, kunye nezisombululo zetyuwa ezingathathi hlangothi kunye ne-alkaline. Inganyangeki ngokukodwa kwi-hydrochloric kunye ne-hydrofluoric acids xa i-de-aerated, kwaye ibonisa ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kwi-asidi ye-sulfuric phantsi kweemeko zokunciphisa. Kwinkonzo ye-hydrofluoric acid, i-Monel isoloko ikhethwa ngenxa yokuba ukuchasana kwayo kunzima ukuhambelana neensimbi ezingenasici okanye i-titanium. Umda ubaluleke ngokulinganayo: i-aeration inyusa izinga lokubola kwezi acid, kunye ne-oxidizing acid salts ezifana ne-ferric chloride kubangela ukuxhathisa. I-Monel ayiyonjongo-jikelele "i-acid-proof" alloy; inzuzo yayo igxininiswe ekunciphiseni kunye neendawo ezingenayo i-oxidizing.

Oku kuziphatha okuphakathi okukodwa kutheni inxalenye ye-alloy ye-Monel akufanele ichazwe kwisiseko "sokumelana nokubola" kuphela. Isigqibo sokuthenga sidinga i-medium, i-concentration, iqondo lokushisa lokusebenza, kunye nemeko yomoya. Ngaphandle kwezo, ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo akuphelelanga.

Ukuziphatha komatshini kunye nokuziphatha okuhambelana neendawo

I-Monel 400 idibanisa amandla aphakathi ukuya phezulu kunye ne-ductility elungileyo kunye nokuqina. Igcina iimpawu eziluncedo zoomatshini ukusuka kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-zero ukuya kutsho malunga nama-480°C emoyeni, ngaphaya koko ukukala kube sisithintelo. Ubuninzi be-Monel 400 bumalunga ne-8.8 g/cm³, i-thermal conductivity imalunga ne-21.8 W/m·K, kwaye i-alloy inomagnethi kancinane kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi kunye nobushushu beCurie kuluhlu lwama-20°C ukuya kuma-50°C. Ezi xabiso eziphathekayo zibalulekile kwinxalenye yoyilo: ubuninzi buchaphazela ubunzima kunye ne-inertia kumacandelo ajikelezayo; i-thermal conductivity ichaphazela ukutshintshwa kobushushu kwiindawo zokutshintshiselana kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu ngexesha lomatshini; I-magnetism encinci ibalulekile kwizixhobo kunye namalungu apho ukugqithiswa kwemagnethi kulawulwa.

I-Monel K-500 yakhela kwisiseko esifanayo somhlwa kodwa inika amandla aphezulu kakhulu emva kokwaluphala. Ihlala ingeyo-magnetic ukuya malunga no-−101°C (−150°F), nto leyo eyi-advanteji kumacandelo athile asezantsi kunye nesivamvo. Ukurhweba kukuba unyango lokuguga longeza amanyathelo enkqubo kwaye lufuna ulawulo lwesithando somlilo; inxalenye ye-K-500 ayiyonxalenye ye-Monel 400 nje eneleyibhile eyahlukileyo.

Ukusebenza nzima kunye nemiphumo yayo

I-Monel alloys isebenza ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokusika kunye nokubandayo. Kwi-machining, i-surface layer i-strain-inzima ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi nangemva komgca wokusika, ophakamisa amandla okusika, ukukhawulezisa ukunxiba kwesixhobo, kwaye kunokukhokelela kumphetho owenziweyo kunye nokuphela komphezulu ongalunganga ukuba umsebenzi awulawulwa. Oku ayisosiphene semathiriyeli; luphawu olubumba isicwangciso sokwenziwa. Seso sizathu sokuba machining we-Monel alloy asoloko esondela ngesixhobo esibukhali, irakhi yejometri elungileyo, kunye neeparitha zokusika ezinqanda ukuhlala kwindawo yokusikwa.

Kwinxalenye yabathengi, ukuthambekela kokuqina komsebenzi kunentsingiselo yokuthenga ngokuthe ngqo. Ivenkile ephatha iMonel njenge316 steel stainless ingasokola kubomi besixhobo, ukungaguquguquki kwedimensional, kunye nokuthembeka komphezulu. Indlela yokwenza oomatshini ke ngoko iyinxalenye yento ekufuneka ivavanyiwe, hayi ukucinga emva kwexesha.

Iinkqubo zokwenziwa kweMonel Alloy Parts

Iinxalenye ze-alloy ze-Monel ziveliswa ngeendlela ezine eziphambili: ukuphosa, umatshini, ukukhwabanisa, kunye nokwenza / ukuwelda. Ukusatywa kunye noomatshini kulawula indawo yokwenza inxenye, kwaye ziphathwa apha ngolu hlobo.

Iyaphosa

Ukuphosa kusetyenziswa xa inxalenye yejometri inzima, xa iipaseji zangaphakathi okanye iimpawu ze-cored zifunwa, okanye xa ukuvelisa i-five-net shape kunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto kunye nomatshini olandelayo. Ukugalelwa kwesanti, utyalo-mali, kunye ne-centrifugal casting zonke zifakwa kwi-nickel-copper alloys.

I-Casting Monel ibonisa imingeni yenkqubo ekufuneka i-Foundry ilawule. I-alloy inoluhlu oluphezulu lokunyibilika, malunga ne-1,300 ° C ukuya kwi-1,350 ° C, kwaye ijwayele ukufunxa igesi kunye nokushwabana kwe-porosity ukuba i-gating kunye nokunyuka akwenziwanga ngokuchanekileyo. Ukugalela ulawulo lobushushu, ukubola komngundo, kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokondla konke kuchaphazela isandi. Le yimiba yenkqubo yokufumana, kodwa iba ngumba womthengi xa ukuphosa kuchaziwe ngaphandle kwemfuneko yesandi. Ukuthengwa okuphosiweyo kufuneka kuchaze indlela yokwamkelwa kwe-porosity kunye nendlela yokuhlola, kungekhona nje ibakala le-alloy.

Amalungu okujula i-nickel alloy yenkonzo ye-Monel adla ngokubandakanya imizimba yempompo, imizimba yevalvu, izifakeli, kunye nezifakelo. Amava e-Foundry kunye ne-nickel-copper alloys yinqobo yesiqinisekiso esinentsingiselo ngakumbi kunamava okuphoswa kwe-ferrous ngokubanzi, kuba ukuqina kunye nokuziphatha kwegesi kuyahluka.

Umatshini

Machining amagqubuthelo ajikiweyo, agudileyo, agrunjiweyo, kunye neempawu ezithungelweyo, kwaye yindlela engagqibekanga yezahlulo eziveliswe kwibha, ipleyiti, okanye iforgings: iishafti, iibholiti, iiflange, iziqu zevalve, kunye nezihlanganisi. Monel 400 machining isenziwa ngokubanzi kodwa ifuna intlonipho ye-alloy's work-hardening behavior kunye nokuthambekela kwayo ekuveliseni ubushushu kwindawo yokusika.

Imithetho esebenzayo yomatshini yeMonel iyahambelana kuyo yonke imithombo yobugcisa: sebenzisa izixhobo ezibukhali, ezifanelekileyo; gcina ukutya okwaneleyo kunye nobunzulu bokusikwa ukuze ungene phantsi komgangatho womsebenzi onzima; kuphephe ukuhlikihla okanye ukuhlala; kwaye ucwangcise ukukhwabanisa kunye nokugqiba ukwenzela ukuba indawo egqityiweyo ingashiywanga kunye nomgangatho owonakalisiweyo. I-Carbide tooling ixhaphakile, kwaye i-ceramic okanye i-PCBN tooling isetyenziswa kwimisebenzi ethile apho umatshini kunye nokusekwa kungqongqo ngokwaneleyo. Xa inxalenye yeMonel idinga ukunyamezela okuqinileyo kunye nokugqiba kakuhle kwendawo, ukulandelelana komatshini kunokubandakanya inyathelo lokunciphisa uxinzelelo phakathi kokugqithisa kunye nokugqiba ukulawula ukuphazamiseka.

I-nickel alloy machining parts kwi-Monel ngoko ke ihluke kwiindawo zensimbi ezingenasici kwixesha lokujikeleza kunye neendleko zesixhobo, nangona ijometri ifana. Umthengisi okuqondayo oku uya kucaphula aze acwangcise ngokufanelekileyo; umthengisi ongakwaziyo ukuhambisa iinxalenye ezinemilinganiselo engahambelaniyo okanye imfezeko yomphezulu.

Ukubumba kunye nokubumba

I-Forging isetyenziselwa iindawo ezifuna ukuhamba okuziinkozo okujoliswe kuko kunye nokuphuculwa kweepropathi zoomatshini, ezinje ngeeshafts, imizimba yevalvu, kunye ne-high-integrity fasteners. Isitokhwe sokwenza iMonel 400 sigutyungelwe yimigangatho efana ne-ASTM B564, kwaye ukubunjwa kungenziwa emva koko ukuya kwimilinganiselo yokugqibela. Ukubumba kunye ne-welding zifanelekile kumalungu asekwe kwipleyiti, iindibano zetyhubhu, kunye nezixhobo ezidityanisiweyo. I-Monel 400 ine-weldability efanelekileyo ngeenkqubo eziqhelekileyo, kunye nokukhethwa kwetsimbi yokuzalisa kunye nokucoceka kulawulo oluphambili; Unyango lobushushu lwasemva kwe-weld alusoloko lufuneka kwi-corrosion resistance, nangona isiqabu soxinzelelo sinokucaciswa kuzinzo lwe-dimensional.

Kwiindawo ezininzi zeMonel zesiko, indlela yokuvelisa ayiyonkqubo enye kodwa ikhonkco. Indlu yempompo etyhidiweyo inokwenziwa ngoomatshini ebusweni bayo kunye nokubhoboza; umphini okhutshiweyo unokujikwa, umsonto ucolwe, ucolwe. Ukwenziwa kwecandelo leMonel ke ngoko kubandakanya izigqibo kwinyathelo ngalinye, kwaye iinkcukacha zokuthenga kufuneka zicacise ukuba ngawaphi amanyathelo aluxanduva lomthengisi.

I-Monel Alloy Casting vs. Machining: Ukusetyenziswa nini Nganye

Ukhetho phakathi kokuphosa kunye nokulungiswa kwenxalenye ye-alloy ye-Monel iqhutywa yijometri, ubuninzi, ukunyamezela, kunye neemfuno zokuhlola, kungekhona ngokukhetha inkqubo enye ngaphezu kwenye. Zombini iindlela zisemthethweni, kwaye zombini zinokuvelisa iindawo ezihlangabezana neenkcukacha zezinto ezifanayo.

Ukusasazwa yindlela efanelekileyo xa inxalenye inemilo yangaphandle entsonkothileyo okanye iipaseji zangaphakathi ezinokufuna umatshini obanzi ukusuka kokuqinileyo, xa ubungakanani buthethelela iindleko zesixhobo kunye nepateni, okanye xa imilo ekufutshane nenethi inciphisa ixabiso lilonke lemathiriyeli kunye nomatshini. Impompo yevolute, umzimba wevalvu enendlela ebalekayo, okanye i-impeller enevanes egobileyo kukusa kwendalo. Indlela yokuphosa ihambisa ukuntsonkotha kwejometri kwi-mold, apho iphinda iphindwe ngokoqoqosho kwimveliso eqhutywayo.

Ukucoca ukusuka kwibha, ipleyiti, okanye ukukhwabanisa yindlela efanelekileyo xa inxalenye yejometri ilula kodwa ifuna ubukhulu, xa ubuninzi buphantsi okanye uyilo lusaphindwa, okanye xa iipropati zezinto eziphathekayo kwifomu edibeneyo zifunwa. I-Monel fitting eveliswe njengenxalenye yomatshini ukusuka kwibar ye-hex, ibholithi ye-monel ejikiweyo yaze yafakwa kwibha engqukuva, okanye isikhondo sevalve eyenziwe ngomatshini ukusuka kwisitokhwe sebha yimizekelo eqhelekileyo. Ukutshiza kunika ulawulo oluthe ngqo kunyamezelo, ukugqiba komphezulu, kunye nomgangatho womsonto, kwaye kunqanda ixesha lokukhokela lesixhobo elifunwa ukuphosa.

Ezi ndlela zimbini zihlala zidityanisiwe. I-Monel alloy casting inokuchazwa kunye nezibonelelo zokwenza, emva koko idikwe, ijongane, igrunjwe, kwaye icofe ukuya kwimilinganiselo yokugqibela. Le ndlela ye-hybridi ixhaphake kwimpompo kunye ne-valve components: i-Foundry ihambisa isandi esikufutshane ne-net casting, kwaye ivenkile yomatshini iseka ukufaneleka okubalulekileyo kunye nokutywinwa kwendawo. Kumthengi, isitshixo kukuchaza ukuba yeyiphi imiphezulu efana ne-cast kunye neyomatshini, kunye nokucacisa iimfuno zokuhlola zombini.

Isakhelo sokugweba esisebenzayo sijonga izinto ezine eziguquguqukayo. Ukuntsokotha kweJiyometri kuthanda ukuphosa. Ubuninzi bezinto ezithandwayo xa isixhobo sithengisiwe, ngelixa ubungakanani obuphantsi buthanda ukwenziwa kwesixhobo. Unyamezelo kunye neemfuno zokugqiba umphezulu zikhetha ukwenziwa kweempawu ezibalulekileyo. Kwaye imiba yendlela yokuhlola eyamkelekileyo: ukujula kungafuna iradiography okanye uhlolo olungeneyo lwesandi sangaphakathi, ngelixa iindawo ezingoomatshini ziqinisekiswa ngokobukhulu nangomphezulu. Akukho nanye kwezi ziguquguqukayo iyodwa egqiba indlela; zilinganiswa kunye.

Amalungu e-Custom Monel ahlala ecaciswa ngaphandle kokuba umthengi achaze inkqubo ekhethwayo. Kule meko, isindululo senkqubo yomthengisi kufuneka siphathwe njengesiphakamiso sobugcisa, kungekhona ukusilela. Umthengi kufuneka abuze ukuba kutheni kukhethwe ukuphosa okanye ukwenziwa komatshini, yintoni isandi esilindelekileyo okanye amandla okunyamezela, kwaye isicwangciso sokuhlola sihambelana njani nomsebenzi wenxalenye.

Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zeMonel Alloy Parts

Iinxalenye ze-Monel alloy zivela kwiintsapho ezininzi ezibonakalayo ezisebenzayo. Itheyibhile engezantsi yenza imephu yeentlobo eziqhelekileyo kwindlela yazo yesiqhelo yokuvelisa, ukuthambekela komgangatho, kunye nendima yenkonzo. Ikholamu yebakala ibonisa ukhetho olukhoyo, hayi umthetho okhethekileyo; elona bakala lifanelekileyo malilandele umqathango wenkonzo.

Iifasteners zifanelwe ingqwalasela ethile kuba ziyingxenye yeMonel ephezulu. Iibholiti zeMonel kunye namantongomane ziveliswa kwimigangatho ye-fastener efana ne-ASTM F467 kunye ne-F468 ye-bolting ye-nonferrous, kunye nokufakwa kwe-Monel 400 ngokuqhelekileyo kuthengwa kwi-ASTM B366 okanye imilinganiselo efanayo yokulinganisa. Ezi zikhundla zisemgangathweni zibalulekile: "i-Monel bolt" ngaphandle kwe-callout esemgangathweni kunye nebakala asiyonkcazelo epheleleyo yokuthenga.

Amalungu e-Monel eSiko kunye ne-Monel alloy alloy e-odolwe ukuzoba asebenzisa indlela yokuthenga eyahlukileyo. Kwezi, umzobo uchaza ijometri, ukunyamezela, kunye ne-callout yezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye uxanduva lomthengisi kukuphumeza indlela yokuvelisa kunye nesicwangciso sokuhlola. Ukwahlula phakathi kokuthengwa kwecandelo eliqhelekileyo kunye nokuthengwa kwenxalenye yesiko kuyatshintsha oko umthengi afuna ukukucacisa: inxalenye esemgangathweni ichazwa ngenani eliqhelekileyo kunye nebakala, ngelixa inxalenye yesiko ichazwa ngumzobo wayo, ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo, kunye neemfuno zokuhlola.

Usetyenziso lwezoShishino lwezahlulo zeMonel Alloy

Iinxalenye ze-alloy ye-Monel zikhethwa apho indibaniselwano yokumelana nomhlwa, amandla, kunye nokuqina kuhambelana nokuvezwa kwemizi-mveliso ethile. Ezi zicelo zingezantsi ziququzelelwe yimeko yenkonzo eqhuba ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo, kungekhona njengoluhlu lwamashishini ngenxa yabo.

Ukulungiswa kweekhemikhali

Izixhobo zekhemikhali zokuphatha i-hydrofluoric acid, i-asidi ye-sulfuric phantsi kweemeko zokunciphisa, kunye nemijelo ye-alkaline yindawo engundoqo ye-Monel. Iinxalenye ze-Monel ezingama-400 zivela kwi-reactor yangaphakathi, kwi-tubing yokutshintsha ubushushu, iinxalenye zemibhobho, impompo kunye ne-valve trim, kunye nezixhobo ze-pickling-line. Umtya oqhelekileyo yindawo yokunciphisa okanye engekho i-oxidizing yeekhemikhali apho isisombululo esiqinileyo se-nickel-copper sibonelela ngokuzinza ukuba i-stainless steels ayinakuhambelana. Isilumkiso esihambelanayo sifanelekile ngokulinganayo: i-media oxidizing enamandla, njenge-nitric acid okanye izisombululo eziqukethe ii-ion ze-ferric, zingaphandle koluhlu olujoliswe kwi-Monel. Uphando lwesicelo sekhemikhali kufuneka ke ngoko luchaze i-medium, i-concentration, iqondo lobushushu kunye ne-aeration status, kuba ezo ziguquguqukayo zigqiba ukuba i-Monel yi-alloy efanelekileyo konke konke.

Inkonzo yamanzi aselwandle namanzi olwandle

Iimpompo zamanzi olwandle, iivalvu, izitshintshi zobushushu, izifakelo zemibhobho, kunye neziqhoboshi ziphakathi kwezona zixhobo zisetyenziswayo zeMonel 400. Ingxubevange imelana nokuqhekeka kwamanzi olwandle aqukuqelayo kunye nekloride yoxinzelelo lwe-corrosion, kwaye isetyenziselwa i-shafts, i-impellers, iziqu zevalve, kunye nezixhobo zemibhobho yamanzi olwandle. I-Monel K-500 yandisa isiseko se-corrosion efanayo ukuya kwi-shafts ephezulu yamandla kunye ne-fasteners apho amandla e-Monel 400 angonelanga. Indalo yaselwandle ikwabonisa ukuba kutheni umgangatho kunye nenkqubo kufuneka zihambelane: i-valve ye-Monel 400 kunye nomatshini we-K-500 wempompo yeshafti kwisixokelelwano samanzi olwandle afanayo zenza imisebenzi yomatshini eyahlukeneyo kunye nosapho lwe-alloy efanayo.

Ukwenziwa kwempompo kunye nevalvu

Iimpompo kunye nabenzi bevalvu bangabathengi abakhulu beendawo ze-Monel alloy kuba iimveliso zabo zidibanisa imidiya eyingozi kunye nokunyakaza koomatshini. Iingxowa zempompo, impellers, iishafti, imisesane yokunxiba, imizimba yevalvu, izihlalo, iziqu, kunye netrim bonke bangabaviwa beMonel 400 okanye i-K-500 ngokuxhomekeke kumandla kunye neemfuno zokunxiba. Indlela yokuvelisa ibonakalisa ijiyometri: ii-casings kunye nemizimba ithande ukuphosa okanye ukuphosa kunye noomatshini, ngelixa i-shafts, iziqu, kunye ne-trim zithandeka kumatshini ukusuka kwibha okanye ukwenza. Kwimpompo okanye ivalve ye-OEM, umbuzo ofanelekileyo ayingo "Monel okanye i-stainless" kodwa yeyiphi ibakala ye-Monel kwaye yeyiphi indlela yokuvelisa eya kuzisa umda woxinzelelo ofunekayo, ulawulo lwe-dimensional, kunye nobomi bomhlwa.

Okunye ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso

Iinxalenye zeMonel zikwabonakala kwizixhobo zokuvelisa i-oyile negesi, izixhobo zokutshintsha ubushushu kwiplanti yamandla, kunye nokutya kunye nokulungiswa kwamayeza apho kufuneka intsimbi enganyangekiyo, ecocayo. Kwi-oyile kunye negesi, i-Monel K-500 isetyenziselwa amacandelo angenawo ama-magnetic afana neekhola zokubhobhoza kunye nezixhobo ze-oyile, kunye ne-Monel 400 isetyenziselwa i-valve kunye nokufakelwa kwinkonzo ephazamisayo. Ezi zicelo zabelana ngengqiqo yokhetho olufanayo: umsebenzi ophakathi kunye noomatshini uza kuqala, kwaye ibakala kunye nenkqubo ziyalandela. Amacandelo e-nickel-copper alloy yinkcazo yolwimi lwezixhobo zentsapho enye, kwaye iluncedo xa inkcazo yokuthengwa kwempahla ihlelwe yinkqubo ye-alloy kunokuba ngegama lezorhwebo.

Yintoni omawuyiqinisekise xa ufuna iiNdawo zeMonel Alloy

Ukuthengwa kwenxalenye ye-Monel alloy kusilela ngeendlela ezinokuqikelelwa: ibakala alicacanga, umgangatho ulahlekile, indlela yenkqubo ishiywe kumthengisi ngaphandle kwesiqinisekiso, okanye iimfuno zokuhlolwa azichazwanga. Uluhlu lokuqinisekisa olungezantsi luququzelelwe malunga nezigqibo ezichaphazela ngokwenene ukuba inxalenye enikezelweyo iyaqhuba.

Ibanga lezinto eziphathekayo kunye nomgangatho. Umyalelo wokuthenga kufuneka uchaze inombolo ye-UNS, hayi igama lorhwebo kuphela. KwiMonel 400, oko kukuthi i-UNS N04400; yeMonel K-500, UNS N05500. Umgangatho osebenzayo wemveliso kufuneka ukhankanywe kwakhona: umzekelo, i-ASTM B127 yeplate, i-B164 ye-bar, i-B165 ye-tube, i-B564 ye-forgings, okanye i-B865 ye-bar ye-K-500, intonga, kunye ne-forgings, kuxhomekeke kwifom yemveliso kunye nebakala. Ukukhutshwa, ukucaciswa kwe-ASTM okusebenzayo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngokwahlukileyo ngaphambi kokuba kukhutshwe umyalelo wokuthenga; imigangatho edweliswe ngasentla iifom ezenziweyo ze-inshorensi kunye ne-K-500 bar/forgings, hayi ukuthengwa kwe-Monel casting jikelele. Umzobo othi "Monel" ngaphandle kwenombolo ye-UNS kunye nomgangatho wefom yemveliso ushiya umthengisi ukuba atolike imfuno.

Umzobo, imilinganiselo, kunye nokunyamezela. Kwiindawo zeMonel zesiko, uhlaziyo lomzobo kufuneka lube lwangoku, kwaye imilinganiselo ebalulekileyo, ukunyamezela, ukugqitywa komphezulu, kunye neenkcukacha zentambo kufuneka zifundeke. Ukusaswa, umzobo kufuneka wahlule umphezulu owenziwe ngoomatshini ukusuka kumphezulu womatshini kwaye kufuneka uchaze izibonelelo zoomatshini kunye neemfuneko zokuyila. Kumalungu omatshini, iskimu sedatum kunye nendlela yokuhlola kufuneka icace.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwenkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso. Umthengi kufuneka azi ukuba umthengisi unenjongo yokuphosa, umatshini osuka kwibhari okanye ukufoja, okanye uzidibanise zombini. Ukuba ukuphosa kucetywayo, amava e-nickel-copper ye-Foundry kunye nendlela yokuhlola isandi kufuneka iqinisekiswe. Ukuba umatshini ucetywayo, indlela yomthengisi yokulawula ukuqina komsebenzi kunye nezixhobo kufuneka ibe yinxalenye yengxoxo yobugcisa. Ukusatywa kwe-alloy ye-Monel kunye ne-Monel alloy machining ayizizo ezitshintsha-tshintshayo; baphethe iiprofayili zesakhono ezahlukeneyo.

Unyango lobushushu kunye nemeko. Kwi-Monel K-500, unyango oluguga luyinkqubo echaziweyo kwaye kufuneka luqinisekiswe ngokuhambelana nomgangatho osebenzayo kunye nefom yemveliso. Kwi-Monel 400, imeko - i-annealed, i-stress-relieved, okanye i-cold-worked-ifanele ichazwe kuba ichaphazela amandla, imilinganiselo, kunye nokuziphatha komatshini. Isatifikethi esibika "i-Monel K-500" ngaphandle kwemeko yokuguga ayiphelelanga.

Ukuhlolwa kunye namaxwebhu. Isatifikethi sovavanyo lwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini sisiseko. Ukuphoswa, umthengi unokucacisa i-radiographic, ukungena, okanye ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic ngokuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lwenxalenye okanye umsebenzi wolwakhiwo. Kumacandelwana awenziwe ngoomatshini, iingxelo zokuhlola idimensional kunye neerekhodi zokugqiba umphezulu zibubungqina obuhambelanayo. Ukulandeleka kobushushu kufuneka kugcinwe ukusuka kwisatifikethi sokusila ukuya kwindawo egqityiweyo.

Uluhlu lokuhlola oluhlanganisiweyo luluncedo: ibakala lemathiriyeli kunye nenombolo ye-UNS; umgangatho osebenzayo we-ASTM okanye we-AMS kwifom yemveliso; uphononongo lokuzoba kunye nemilinganiselo ebalulekileyo; indlela yokuvelisa (i-cast, imatshini, okanye zombini); imeko yonyango lobushushu; iimfuno zokuhlolwa kunye namaxwebhu; kunye nokulandeleka kobushushu. Ukufakwa kwemigangatho yeMonel okanye iibholiti ze-monel, inombolo eqhelekileyo kunye nebakala lithatha indawo yomzobo, kodwa isiqinisekiso sezinto eziphathekayo kunye neemfuno zokulandelelwa zihlala zihlala.

FAQ

Ngaba iinxalenye zeMonel 400 kunye neMonel K-500 zinokusetyenziswa ngokutshintshanayo?
Hayi njengento engagqibekanga. I-K-500 iyaqina kwaye yomelele kakhulu, ngelixa iMonel 400 ilibakala lesisombululo esiqinileyo. Babelana ngesiseko esinganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion, kodwa amandla, unyango lobushushu, kunye nokuziphatha komatshini kuyahluka. Utshintsho kufuneka luvavanywe ngokuthelekisa owona mthwalo kunye nemeko yenkonzo, akucingelwa.

Ngaba iinxalenye zeMonel alloy ziyadityaniswa?
I-Monel 400 ine-weldability efanelekileyo yi-TIG kunye neenkqubo ze-MIG usebenzisa i-nickel-copper filler metal ehambelanayo, kunye nokucoceka kunye nokulawula igalelo lobushushu kwiimfuno eziphambili eziphathekayo. Unyango lobushushu lwasemva kwe-weld alusoloko lufuneka kwi-corrosion resistance, nangona isiqabu soxinzelelo sinokuchazwa apho uzinzo lwe-dimensional lubalulekile. Ukufaneleka kwenkqubo ye-welding kuhlala kuluxanduva lomthengisi.

Umthengi ukhetha njani phakathi kweMonel kunye nentsimbi engatyiwayo yenkonzo yamanzi olwandle?
Ukhetho luxhomekeke kwimeko ethile yamanzi olwandle kunye nomsebenzi wecandelo lomatshini. I-Monel 400 ikhethwa apho i-chloride stress corrosion cracking resistance kunye nokusebenza emanzini olwandle ahambayo kufuneka, ngelixa iintsimbi ezingenasici zinemida eyahlukeneyo kunye neeprofayili zeendleko. Isigqibo kufuneka sisekelwe kwi-medium, i-flow condition, iqondo lokushisa, kunye namandla afunekayo, kungekhona kukhetho oluqhelekileyo lwentsapho enye ye-alloy.

Ngaba "inxalenye ye-monel alloy" iyafana ne "Monel 400 part"?
No. Inxalenye ye-Monel alloy ligama elibanzi kuyo nayiphi na indawo eyenziwe kwi-nickel-copper alloy family. Inxalenye yeMonel 400 yinxalenye eyenziwe ngokukodwa kwi-UNS N04400. Amalungu e-K-500 nawo ayinxalenye ye-alloy ye-Monel, kodwa ayingomalungu e-Monel 400.

Loluphi ulwazi lomzobo olufunekayo kwiMonel casting?
Umzobo kufuneka ubonise ijometri ye-as-cast, izibonelelo ze-machining, ii-engile zedrafti, iindawo ezibalulekileyo ezinomatshini, iimfuno zokunyamezela, kunye neendawo kunye nemilinganiselo yokwamkelwa kwayo nayiphi na into yokuhlola engonakalisiyo. I-callout yezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka ibandakanye ibakala lokuphosa kunye nenombolo ye-UNS, kwaye umgangatho osebenzayo we-ASTM kufuneka uqinisekiswe kunye ne-Foundry ngaphambi kokuba umyalelo ubekwe.

Yintoni echaphazela ixesha elikhokelayo leMonel alloy parts?
Ixesha elikhokelayo lixhomekeke kwibakala, ukufumaneka kohlobo lwemveliso, nokuba kuyafuneka izixhobo zokuphosa, isiqulatho somatshini, kunye nomda wokuhlola. Indawo eyenziwe ngoomatshini ukusuka kwibha egciniweyo inokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kunepateni entsha yokuphosa kunye nemvume yenqaku lokuqala. Umthengi kufuneka acele umthengisi ukuba achaze abaqhubi bexesha elikhokelayo kunokuba acaphule inani elinye ngaphandle kwesiseko.

Iinxalenye ze-alloy ze-Monel zichazwe xa imeko yenkonzo ifuna ngaphezu kwentsimbi yesiqhelo engenakukwazi ukuhambisa ekunciphiseni i-acids, amanzi olwandle, okanye i-alkaline process streams. Intsapho yezinto eziphathekayo incinci - i-nickel-copper, kunye ne-Monel 400 kunye ne-K-500 ehlanganisa iimfuno ezininzi zeemfuno - kodwa izigqibo ezijikelezayo azikho. Ukukhethwa kweBanga, indlela yokuvelisa, unyango lobushushu, kunye nokuhlolwa kwenza ikhonkco, kunye nekhonkco elibuthathaka nakweyiphi na indawo inokuphazamisa icandelo eligqityiweyo. Umthengi oza nomzobo, inombolo ye-UNS, umgangatho wefom yemveliso, inkqubo elindelweyo echaziweyo, kunye nemfuneko yokuhlolwa kwincoko yomthengisi ukwimeko eqine kakhulu kunomntu ocela "izahlulo zeMonel" aze alinde ikowuti. Ukuba i-Monel alloy part imfuneko sele ichaziwe, inyathelo elilandelayo kukulungelelanisa ezo zinto zintlanu kwaye ucele impendulo yobugcisa kunye nezorhwebo ngokuchasene nabo.