N08028 harisi giredhi raunotsanangura zvakasununguka. Kune mainjiniya uye zvikwata zvekutenga zvinotsvaga N08028 yakakosha simbi isina simbi, iyo yekuomarara kuramba inongova hafu yenyaya. Iyo inogara mu-high-alloy austenitic mhuri, yakagadzirirwa nharaunda umo 316L yaizokundikana-yakaomeswa acids, chloride-rich process nzizi, uye inovava gasi mamiriro. Imwe hafu yenyaya ndeyekuti chikamu chinogona kugadzirwa kudhirowa, kupisa-kubatwa nemazvo, uye kusimbiswa isati yapinda sevhisi. Ichi chinyorwa chinobatanidza kuumbwa kwezvinhu uye zvivakwa kune izvo zvinoshanda zvekugadzira uye kutsvaga N08028 zvikamu.
Chii chinonzi N08028 Stainless Simbi?
N08028 is high-alloy austenitic stainless simbi inozivikanwa neUNS nhamba N08028 uye European zita 1.4563 (X1NiCrMoCu 31-27-4). Inotengeswawo pasi pemazita ekutengeserana kusanganisira Sanicro 28, Alloy 28, uye Incoloy 028. Giredhi yakagadziridzwa kuti ishandiswe mumidhiya inoparadza zvakanyanya, kunyanya phosphoric acid processing, uye kubvira ipapo yakagamuchirwa mumakemikari ekugadzirisa, mafuta uye gasi, uye midziyo yekudzivirira kusvibiswa.
Iyo alloy inoratidzirwa nepamusoro nickel yemukati (inenge 31%), yakakwira chromium (inenge 27%), uye yakawedzera yemolybdenum nemhangura. Musanganiswa uyu unoisiyanisa kubva kune akajairwa austenitic mamakisi: haisi yakagadziridzwa 316L kana "super austenitic" mupfungwa yegeneric, asi chimiro chakati chakagadzirirwa kurwisa kune zvese oxidizing uye kuderedza asidhi, nemhangura ichiita basa rakakosha musevhisi ye sulfuric acid.
Pakutenga uye kudhirowa zvakatemwa, zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuzivikanwa neiyo UNS kana EN nhamba kwete mazita ekutengesa ega. ASTM B668 inovhara UNS N08028 uye N08029 isina musono pombi uye chubhu yeyakajairika corrosive sevhisi, inoda mhinduro-yakagadziriswa mamiriro uye inotsanangura kemikari, tensile, uye hydrostatic yekuyedza zvinodiwa.
Kemikari Inoumbwa uye Zvinhu Zvikuru
Iyo yezita rekuumbwa kweN08028 (UNS N08028 / EN 1.4563) inenge: chromium 27%, nickel 31%, molybdenum 3.5%, mhangura 1.0%, ine kabhoni inogumira ku ≤0.020%. Iyo yakaderera kabhoni yemukati (ELC giredhi) inoderedza yekunzwa njodzi panguva yewelding uye yakakwira-tembiricha kuratidzwa.
Iyo pitting resistance yakaenzana nhamba (PRE) yeN08028 inowanzotaurwa ine hushoma hwe38, inoverengerwa neyakajairwa fomula PRE = % Cr + 3.3 × % Mo + 16 × % N. Wechitatu-bato masosi anoshuma PRE kukosha muhuwandu hunosvika 38–41, zvichienderana nechimiro chechigadzirwa uye maverengero ekuverenga. Izvi zvinoisa N08028 zvakanaka pamusoro pe316L (PRE kazhinji ~25–28) uye muhuwandu hwemagiredhi epamusoro austenitic, kunyangwe isingachinjikine nemagiredhi epamusoro-molybdenum akadai se6Mo alloys.
Mechanical properties yemhinduro-annealed bar stock inotsanangurwa pane shoma goho resimba (Rp0.2) ye220 MPa, tensile simba 550–750 MPa, uye elongation ≥35%. Kuoma kunowanzoita ≤220 HB. Iyo austenitic microstructure inopa yakanaka maitiro kuomarara kunyangwe pakupisa kwe cryogenic.
Tafura: Nominal kuumbwa uye zvakakosha zvivakwa zveN08028 (reference values)
| Parameter | Value |
| Cr / Ni / Mo / Cu | ~27% / ~31% / ~3.5% / ~1.0% |
| Kabhoni (max) | 0.020% |
| PRE (yakajairika) | ~38–41 (chiverengero-chinoenderana) |
| Rp0.2 (mhinduro yakamiswa) | ≥220 MPa |
| Rm | 550–750 MPa |
| Elongation | ≥35% |
Zvinyorwa: Alleima dhatabheti reSanicro 28. Hwaro ndehwezita uye zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa zvichipesana neiyo chaiyo chigadzirwa fomu uye chitupa chemupi.
Sei N08028 Inofananidzwa neCommon Stainless Simbi
Kuenzanisa ne304 uye 316L ndiyo inozoitwa nevaverengi vakawanda, uye misiyano yacho yakarongeka, kwete kumucheto.
| Giredhi | Cr | Ni | Mo | Cu | PRE (zvakajairika) |
| 304 | ~18% | ~8% | — | — | ~18–20 |
| 316L | ~16–18% | ~10–14% | ~2–3% | — | ~25–28 |
| N08028 | ~27% | ~31% | ~3.5% | ~1.0% | ≥38 |
PRE values anoratidza masanji anosiyana neyakagadzirwa kuumbwa uye nzira yekuverenga.
Iyo nickel yemukati yeN08028 ingangoita katatu kana ina iyo ye304 kana 316L. Izvi zvinokosha nokuda kwezvikonzero zviviri. Kutanga, nickel yakakwirira inovandudza kupikisa chloride stress corrosion cracking, nzira yekukundikana inogona kuitika mu 304 uye 316L pasi penguva imwe chete yekushungurudzika kwekunetseka uye chloride kuratidzwa. Chechipiri, nickel inodzikamisa iyo austenitic chimiro uye inobatsira kuoma.
Iwo chromium uye molybdenum mazinga anopa pitting uye crevice corrosion kuramba inoratidzwa muPRE kukosha. Tsvagiridzo yezve superaustenitic simbi isina tsvina yakasimbisa kuti kuwedzera Cr, Mo, uye N zvemukati zvinovandudza corrosion kuramba mu chloride media, nepo mhangura yekuwedzera inosimbisa kuramba mu sulfuric acid. Ichi ndicho chikonzero N08028 inowanzosarudzwa kune phosphoric uye sulfuric acid nharaunda uko 316L yaizoora pamitengo isingagamuchirwi.
Iko kutengeserana-kusiyana mutengo uye machinability. Iyo alloying yemukati inopa corrosion kuramba inoitawo kuti N08028 idhure pakirogiramu uye zvakanyanya kudiwa kumashini. Haisi yekuwedzera-chinangwa kusimudzira kubva ku316L; isarudzo yakanangwa yenzvimbo umo njodzi yekuora inoruramisa mutengo wepamusoro.
Nzira dzekugadzira dzeN08028 Stainless Simbi Zvikamu
Iyo yekutanga nzira yekugadzira yeN08028 yakakosha simbi isina tsvina zvikamu ndeye CNC machining kubva kubhawa stock, hollow bar, kana forged billet. Izvo zvinhu zvinowanikwa mune mhinduro-yakavharirwa mamiriro seyakatenderedza bar, hollow bar, uye isina musono chubhu. Kune akawanda makina emidziyo — pombi shafts, mavharuvhu emukati, mafittings, uye maturusi ezviridzwa - mafambiro ebasa ndeiyi: tenga bhaa yakanyungudutswa kana hollow bar kune dhayamita inodiwa, muchina kusvika padhuze-neti kana chimiro chekupedzisira, uye tarisa hukuru uye mamiriro ezvinhu.
Forging inoshandiswa kune akakura kana mamwe maumbirwo akaomarara uko kushandiswa kwezvinhu uye chimiro chezviyo chinofarira preform yakaumbwa pamusoro pebar stock. N08028 inogona kunge ichipisa kushanda, asi tembiricha hwindo idiki pane yeakajairwa austenitic mamakisi. Asi asiri ehurumende maindasitiri masosi anoratidza kupisa kwekushanda kunosvika 1050–1200°C ine tembiricha yekumisa iri pamusoro pe950°C, asi gwara iri hariratidzike mudhetebheti reAlleima rakaongororwa pachinyorwa ichi uye rinofanirwa kusimbiswa zvakananga nemupi wezvinhu kune chero mashandiro ekubiridzira.
Welding inogoneka uye N08028 inotsanangurwa seine yakanaka weldability, asi yakasungwa N08028 zvikamu zvinoda kutariswa kune post-weld mamiriro. Alleima anocherekedza kuti mune zvakajairika welding mashandiro, kupisa kupinza kumubereki simbi kunoitika kwenguva pfupi pfupi pane iyo nguva iyo intergranular corrosion inova njodzi, uye kuti njodzi ye intergranular kurwisa mushure mewelding ishoma. Nekudaro, kana iyo weld kana kupisa-yakakanganisika nzvimbo ichizoratidzwa kune yakanyanya corrosive sevhisi, mhinduro annealing mushure mewelding inogona kuramba ichitsanangurwa neinjiniya ane mutoro. Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa pane zvikamu zvemuchina; welding inofanira kubatwa sechishandiso chehunyanzvi chinoda maitiro ane hunyanzvi.
Machining Mafungiro eN08028 Special Stainless Simbi Zvikamu
Machining N08028 inopa zvipingamupinyi zvemhando yepamusoro-alloy austenitic simbi isina tsvina: kukurumidza kushanda kuomesa, kuderera kwekushisa conductivity, uye tsika yekunamatira kukucheka maturusi. Iyo alloy's high nickel uye molybdenum zvirimo zvinowedzera izvi zvichienzaniswa ne316L.
Kuomesa basa ndiyo inonyanya kukosha maitiro ekudzora dimensional. Kana mudziyo uchikwesha pane kuchekwa-nekuda kwekusakwana chikafu, kugomarara, kana kusadzika kwakadzika kwechekwa-yepamusoro pedenga inoomesa zvakanyanya. Kupfuura kunotevera kunobva kwasangana nenzvimbo yakaoma, ichimhanyisa kupfeka kwechishandiso uye kusundira kushanda kwakanangana nekutaura uye kupera kwakashata kwepamusoro. Zvazvinoreva ndezvekuti "zvinyoro" machining marongero ane mafeed akareruka uye kudzika kudiki kwekucheka haabatsiri. Chishandiso chinofanira kusanganisa zvinhu zviri pazasi penzvimbo yakaomeswa kubva pane yapfuura yapfuura.
Kutarisira kupisa kwakakosha zvakaenzana. N08028's thermal conductivity yakadzikira, saka kucheka kupisa kunonangana kumucheto kwechishandiso pane kunyura muworkpiece kana chip. Alleima's official machining dhairekitori yeSanicro 28 inokurudzira kudzikisa kumhanya kwekucheka neinosvika 50-55% zvichienzaniswa neSanmac 316/316L paunenge uchitendeuka nematurusi akaiswa simende ecarbide, uku uchidzikisa mafeed zvishoma uye nekungwarira. Iyi inzvimbo yekutangira, kwete kurudziro ye "stainless simbi." High-pressure coolant yakanangidzirwa kunzvimbo yekucheka inobatsira kubata hupenyu hwematurusi. Chishandiso geometry uye kusarudzwa kwegiredhi kunofanirwa kufananidzwa kune chaiyo mashandiro; mutengesi ane ruzivo rwepamusoro-nickel austenitic alloys achange agadzira zvigadziro pane kuedza pabasa.
Kutendeseka kwepamusoro kunokodzera kutariswa kwakajeka kune zvikamu zvinodzivirira kuora. Machining-induced residual stress uye microstructural shanduko inogona kukanganisa kutanga kwekuora kwenzvimbo. Nepo iyo chaiyo yekutendeseka kwepamusoro mhinduro yeN08028 kune machining isinganyanyi kunyorwa munzvimbo dzinowanikwa pachena pane ye316L, iyo general musimboti unoshanda: nzvimbo yakasvibiswa, yakaomeswa nebasa haina kuenzana neyakachekwa zvakacheneswa apo chikamu chichatarisana nehutsinye chemistry. Kune nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekuisa chisimbiso kana nzvimbo dzakanyorova, kupedzisa kushanda uye mamiriro emidziyo inofanirwa kutsanangurwa uye kusimbiswa.
Dimensional Kurongeka, Kushivirira, uye Surface Pedzisa
Kushivirira uye kupedzisa kwepamusoro zvinodiwa zveN08028 zvikamu zvinofanirwa kufambiswa nebasa, kwete nekufungidzira kuti chinhu "chakakosha" chinoda kushivirira kwakafanana. Kunyanya-kutsanangura pane zvisiri-kushanda kunowedzera mutengo uye njodzi yakaraswa pasina kuvandudza mashandiro.
Kune nzvimbo dzinoshanda-chisimbiso zviso, kutakura zvinokwana, mating diameters-kushivirira kunofanira kuratidza zvinodiwa negungano. Chinyorwa chepombi shaft kana hunde yevharuvhu inogona kuda IT7 kana zvirinani, nepo maburi ekubvisa uye nzvimbo dzisiri dzekubatana dzinogona kushandisa kushivirira kwakajairwa. Mutengesi wemuchina anofanirwa kusimbisa kugona kweiyo chaiyo ficha uye mamiriro ezvinhu pane kufungidzirwa kubva kune ruzivo ne316L.
Kushata kwepamusoro pamvura yakanyoroveswa kana kuiswa chisimbiso kunokanganisa zvese kushanda uye kuita ngura. Nzvimbo yakakasharara inopa dzimwe nzvimbo dzekutangisa gomba uye inogona kuchengetedza zvakasara. Pazviso zvekuisa chisimbiso, maitiro eRa ari pakati pe0.8–1.6 μm anowanzo kutsanangurwa, nepo asina-akakosha nzvimbo anogona kugamuchira 3.2 μm kana rougher. Aya ndiwo mareferenzi ezvikamu zvesimbi isina simbi zvakagadzirirwa kazhinji; kukosha kwakakodzera kunotsamira pane chaiyo yekuisa chisimbiso nzira kana kuchena kunodiwa.
Chinhu chimwe chete chinoshanda chekudhirowa: kana kupedzisa kwepamusoro kana kushivirira kwakatsanangurwa pasina chikonzero chekushanda, mutengesi anogona kuramba basa racho kana kutora mutengo wakakwirisa kuti ave nechokwadi chekutevedzera. Yakajeka notation yekuti ndeapi maficha anoshanda uye ndeapi ari kushivirira anobatsira vese mutengesi uye mutengi.
Maindasitiri Zvishandiso zveN08028 Stainless Simbi Zvikamu
Zvishandiso apo N08028 inosarudzwa inogovera hunhu hwakafanana: nharaunda yekuora inodarika kugona kwe316L, uye chikamu chejometri chinoda machining kwete nyore tubular fomu.
Kemikari uye petrochemical processing. N08028 inoshandiswa mumidziyo yekugadzira phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid kubata, uye zvinopisa zvinopisa. Iyo yekuwedzera yemhangura inonatsiridza mashandiro munzvimbo dze sulfuric acid, nepo chromium uye molybdenum zvemukati zvinogadzirisa oxidizing mamiriro. Pombi zvikamu, valve trim, uye reactor emukati mune aya masevhisi akajairwa machini zvikamu.
Oiri negesi—basa rinovava. Munzvimbo dzine H₂S, CO₂, uye chlorides, N08028 inopa kuramba kune sulfide kusagadzikana kutsemuka uye kusagadzikana ngura kuputika. Alleima anoshuma kuti Sanicro 28 inotenderwa pasi peNACE MR0175/ISO 15156 ye sulfide stress cracking resistant sevhisi mumidziyo yemumunda wemafuta. Zvishandiso zveDownhole, coupling stock, uye zvikamu zvevharuvhu zvematsime egasi rakavava mienzaniso yekushandisa. Ziva kuti chinyorwa ichi chinotarisa zvikamu zvemuchina; tubular zvigadzirwa zvakafukidzwa neakasiyana zvirevo.
Mvura yegungwa uye chloride-inotakura kutonhora masisitimu. Iyo yakakwira PRE kukosha inoshandura kushora kugomba uye crevice corrosion mumvura ine chloride-ine. Alleima anotaura chiitiko chinoshanda chinosimbisa kukodzera kweSanicro 28 papombi dzinotakura mvura yegungwa uye mvura yegungwa-yakatonhodzwa kupisa kunopisa. Zvikamu zvakaita semapombi shafts, fasteners, uye miviri yevharuvhu mumakungwa kana brackish mvura inotonhorera maseketi inogona kushandisa N08028 uko 316L yakaratidza hupenyu husina kukwana.
Kudzora kusvibiswa uye flue gasi desulfurization. Yakasanganiswa asidhi uye chloride nharaunda muFGD scrubber masisitimu anogona kudarika miganhu yeyakajairwa simbi isina tsvina. N08028 zvikamu mune damper shafts, spray nozzles, uye pombi zvemukati mienzaniso yezvikamu zvemuchina zvakasarudzirwa mamiriro aya.
Muchiitiko chega chega, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kunofanirwa kusimbiswa kune chaiyo chemistry, tembiricha, uye kushushikana mamiriro ekushandisa. N08028 haisi mhinduro yepasirese yenzvimbo "dzinoora"; ndiyo mhinduro kune chaiyo nharaunda uko chaiyo alloy musanganiswa wakakodzera.
Zveunyanzvi Zvinodiwa Kusimbisa Paunenge Uchitsvaga N08028 Zvikamu
Kutenga odha yeN08028 zvikamu zvinongotaura chete "zvinhu: N08028" inosiya yakawandisa kududzira. Zvinotevera zvinodikanwa zvinofanirwa kutaurwa zvakajeka mukubvunza uye kusimbiswa mune quote uye chitupa chemutengesi.
Material identification uye chitupa. Taura UNS N08028 kana EN 1.4563, kwete zita rekutengesa rega. Inoda chitupa chekuyedza zvinhu (MTC) pane EN 10204 3.1 iyo inoshuma kuumbwa chaiko kwemakemikari uye michina zvimiro zvekupisa kunoshandiswa. Chitupa chinofanirwa kuratidza kutevedzera chiyero chechigadzirwa chakakodzera (semuenzaniso, EN 10088-3 yebhara).
Chigadzirwa chimiro uye mamiriro. Kune zvikamu zvemuchina, taura kuti chinhu chekutanga ibar, hollow bar, kana forging. Bar stock inofanirwa kupihwa mune mhinduro-yakagadziriswa mamiriro kunze kwekunge inotonhora-inoshanda zvivakwa zvichidikanwa nemaune. Simbisa iyo annealed condition pachitupa.
Kupisa kurapwa mushure mekugadzira kana welding. Kana iyo chikamu chikave chakaiswa welded, kana machining ichikurudzira basa rinotonhora munzvimbo yakaoma, funga kana mhinduro inodiwa. N08028 inotsamira pane chaiyo mhinduro-annealed microstructure kuti optimal corrosion kuramba. Sarudzo inofanira kunge yakavakirwa panharaunda yebasa uye hupamhi hwebasa rinotonhora kana welding, kwete kushandiswa seyakagadzika. Alleima anokurudzira kugadziriswa kwemvura pa1100–1160°C kuchiteverwa nekudzimwa kwemvura kana kumwe kupisa kuchidiwa mushure mekugadzirisa.
Kuongorora uye kuongororwa. Pamusoro pekutarisa kwedimensional, funga kana positive material identification (PMI) inodiwa kuti uone alloy identity pazvikamu zvapera. Kuomarara kuyedzwa kunogona kupa hutsinye cheki pamamiriro ekurapa kupisa. Kune yakakosha corrosion service, yekuwedzera corrosion kuyedzwa kunogona kutsanangurwa, kunyangwe izvi zvichiwedzera mutengo uye nguva yekutungamira.
Kuchena kwepamusoro. Stainless simbi zvikamu zvinofanirwa kunge zvisina kusvibiswa kwesimbi yakadzikwa kubva mukugadzira kana kubata. Taura kuti zvidimbu zvicheneswe uye zvipfuvurwe kana zvichinge zvichiratidzwa kune zvinosvibisa. Dzivisa kabhoni simbi mabhurashi, turusi, kana zvigadziriso zvinosangana nenzvimbo dzakapera dzeN08028.
FAQ
Ko N08028 yakafanana neSanicro 28, Alloy 28, uye Incoloy 028?
Ehe, aya mazita ekutengeserana eiyo yakafanana alloy kuumbwa. UNS N08028 ndiyo yakajairwa chiziviso; EN 1.4563 izita reEuropean. Tsanangura iyo UNS kana EN nhamba pane zvakadhirowa kudzivirira kusajeka.
Inogona here N08028 kutsiva 316L zvakananga?
Kwete sekudonhedza-in inotsiva pasina kuongororwa. N08028 inopa yakanyanya kukwirisa corrosion kuramba mune aggressive acids uye chloride nharaunda, asi inodhura yakawanda uye yakanyanya kuoma kumuchina. Kutsiva kunofanirwa kururamiswa neiyo chaiyo yekutadza modhi kana chiyero chekuora chakaonekwa ne316L.
Ko N08028 inoda post-weld kupisa kurapwa?
Alleima dhatabheti inotaura kuti njodzi ye intergranular kurwisa mushure mekudzikiswa kweSanicro 28 idiki pasi pezvakajairwa welding mamiriro. Nekudaro, kana iyo welded chikamu chikashanda munzvimbo ine corrosive, solution annealing inogona kuramba ichitsanangurwa nebasa reinjiniya rinotarisira midziyo. Izvo zvinodikanwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ebasa uye zvinofanirwa kusarudzwa nyaya neimwe.
Ndeipi yakajairwa nguva yekutungamira yeN08028 machini zvikamu?
Nguva yekutungamira inoenderana nekuwanikwa kwezvinhu, chikamu chakaoma, uye huwandu. Uyu hausi mubvunzo wemidziyo uye unofanirwa kutungamirwa kune chaiwo mutengesi wekotesheni.
