Taƙaice: Wannan jagorar yana kwatanta Inconel, Incoloy, Hastelloy da Monel nickel alloys, rufe iyakokin zafin jiki, juriya na lalata, simintin gyare-gyare da injina don zaɓin kayan aikin masana'antu.
Wannan jagorar ya ƙunshi maki nickel gami da ake amfani da su sosai gami da Inconel, Incoloy, Hastelloy da Monel, tare da bayanai masu amfani akan iyakokin zafin jiki, juriya na lalata, simintin gyare-gyare da injina don tallafawa zaɓin kayan aikin masana'antu.
Abubuwan gami da tushen nickel sun fi daidaitaccen bakin karfe da carbon carbon lokacin da kayan aiki suka fuskanci zafi mai zafi, lalataccen ruwa mai ƙarfi, ko haɗa kayan inji da sinadarai.
Dukansu kayan aikin nickel gami da injin nickel gami da injina suna yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar sarrafa nauyi.
Gabatarwa zuwa Sassan Alloy Tushen Nikel
Alloys tushen nickel kayan ƙarfe ne tare da nickel a matsayin ɓangaren matrix na farko, gami da chromium, molybdenum, baƙin ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe da sauran abubuwa don daidaita kaddarorin inji da lalata.
Babban fa'idarsu ita ce tsayayyiyar aiki a ƙarƙashin abubuwan haɗin gwiwar da ke lalata karafa na yau da kullun: matsanancin zafin jiki, oxidation, pitting, ɓarna ɓarna da kai hari ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai na acidic ko chloride.
Bambancin maɓalli yana raba kayan aikin nickel gami da ɓangarorin gami na nickel.
Bambance-bambancen da aka yi ana ƙirƙira su ko birgima sannan CNC na'ura, suna ba da ingantaccen sarrafa hatsi da ingantaccen ƙarfi don ƙira mai ɗaukar nauyi.
Cast nickel gami sassa, samar ta hanyar zuba jari, dace da hadaddun geometries kamar bawul datsa, nozzles da al'ada lalacewa abun da ake sakawa inda kusa-net siffata rage jimlar aikin inji.
Yana da taimako don bambanta waɗannan kayan daga abubuwan haɗin gwal na Stelite.
Duk da yake Stellite cobalt alloys sun yi fice a lalacewa, cavitation da sabis na hardfacing, an zaɓi alloys nickel da farko don juriya na lalata da ingantaccen tsarin yanayin zafi.
Kowane iyali ya cika keɓantaccen alkuki a cikin keɓancewar kayan masarufi.
Babban Iyalan Nickel Alloy & Bayanin Darajoji
Alloys nickel an haɗa su ta hanyar tsarin haɗawa da babban ƙarfin aiki. Iyalai hudu sun mamaye odar abubuwan al'ada na masana'antu: Inconel, Incoloy, Hastelloy da Monel.
Inconel Alloy Series
Inconel maki su ne nickel-chromium alloys, sau da yawa tare da molybdenum, niobium ko titanium kari.
An ƙera su don riƙe ƙarfi da juriya na iskar oxygen a yanayin zafi mai tsayi.
Biyu mafi yadu fayyace Inconel gami sassa ne Inconel 625 da Inconel 718.
Inconel 718 yana amfani da taurin hazo don isar da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, yana mai da shi tsoho don kayan aikin sashe mai zafi.
Inconel 625 ya dogara da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, tare da kyakkyawan juriya ga rami na chloride da ƙarin juriyar lalata a cikin kafofin watsa labarai masu gauraya.
Incoloy Alloy Series
Incoloy maki sune baƙin ƙarfe-nickel-chromium gami.
Abubuwan da ke cikin baƙin ƙarfe yana rage farashin ɗanyen abu idan aka kwatanta da tsarkakakken makin inconel mai arzikin nickel yayin da yake kiyaye kyakkyawan juriya ga lalata ruwa a matsakaicin yanayin zafi.
Incoloy 825 shine babban darajar a wannan rukunin.
Yana daidaita juriya ga sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid da chloride danniya lalata fatattaka, zabi na gama gari don sinadarai na ƙasa da kayan aikin mai.
Hastelloy Alloy Series
Hastelloy shine dangin nickel-molybdenum-chromium gami da aka gina don lalata sinadarai mai tsanani.
Babban abun ciki na molybdenum yana ba da sassan gami da Hastelloy juriya mai ƙarfi don rage acid, gauraye kogunan acid da ruwaye masu ɗauke da chloride.
Wannan iyali shine farkon abin la'akari don masu samar da reactors, datsa faifai da datsa bawul da aka fallasa ga kafofin watsa labarai masu haɗari inda bakin karfe ko daidaitaccen Inconel ya gaza cikin sauri.
Moel Alloy Series
Monel alloys su ne nickel-Copper Alloys tare da ƙaramin chromium. Monel 400 shine mafi yawan daraja.
Yana ba da kyakkyawan juriya ga acid hydrofluoric da yashwar ruwan teku, tare da kyakkyawan ductility da ingantacciyar machining idan aka kwatanta da yawancin matakan nickel masu girma.
Ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin marine, desalination da tsarin kula da acid hydrofluoric.
| Alloy Grade | Mabuɗin Haɗin Kai | Matsakaicin Yanayin Sabis na Ci gaba | Resistant Media | Rashin kwanciyar hankali | Wahalar Machining | Hannun Kayan Kaya |
| Farashin 625 | Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb | 980°C | Kafofin watsa labarai na Oxidizing, chlorides, ruwan teku | Matsakaici; mai saurin tsagewa | High, aiki-harfining | Gas turbine like, sinadarai nozzles, bawul jikin |
| Farashin 718 | Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb-Ti | 700°C | Babban zafin iska, ƙananan lalata | Adalci; m ga simintin sanyaya adadin | Maɗaukaki; yana buƙatar m kayan aiki | Turbine faifai, babban matsi bawul matosai, fasteners |
| Farashin 825 | Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu | 540°C | Sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, brine | Yayi kyau | Matsakaici | Zafafan bututun musayar zafi, abubuwan bututun filin mai |
| Hastelloy maki | Ni-Mo-Cr | 700-1090°C (dangane da daraja) | Mixed acid, rage/oxidizing rafukan sinadarai | Matsakaici | Babban | Reactor internals, sinadaran bawul datsa, Orifice faranti |
| Monel 400 | Ni-Ku | 480°C | Ruwan ruwa, hydrofluoric acid, kafofin watsa labarai na alkaline | Yayi kyau | Ƙananan matsakaici | Kujerun bawul na ruwa, magudanan famfo, kayan aikin bututun ruwan teku |
Lura: Hastelloy ya ƙunshi maki daban-daban; wannan kewayon zafin jiki babban tunani ne. Koyaushe tabbatar da iyaka akan takaddar bayanan don ainihin darajar Hastelloy ɗin ku.
Rushewar Ayyuka ta Nickel Alloy Grade
Lokacin kwatanta sassan gami da nickel don aiki, nau'ikan ayyuka guda uku suna fitar da mafi yawan yanke shawara: kwanciyar hankali mai zafi, juriyar lalata da halayen injina.
Ƙarfin zafin jiki & juriya na iskar shaka
Inconel maki ne ke jagorantar wannan rukunin. Inconel 625 yana kula da kwanciyar hankali a kan iskar oxygen har zuwa kusan 980 ° C a cikin iska mai tsabta, yayin da Inconel 718 ke iyakance ga rage yawan zafin jiki na ci gaba saboda hazo-taurare ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta yana rushewa da matsanancin zafi.
Hastelloy na iya ba da kyakkyawar juriya mai zafi mai zafi, amma aikin sa na inji bai dace da Inconel ba a cikin sabis na ɗaukar nauyi na dogon lokaci.
Monel da Incoloy ba a ƙera su don dorewar aiki mai tsananin zafi ba; Ƙarfin su yana raguwa da sauri sama da iyakar zafin da aka ƙididdige su.
Bayani mai mahimmanci: ƙimar zafin jiki da aka buga ya shafi sabis na iska mai tsabta.
Rushewar tururi, sulfur ko narkakken mahallin gishiri zai rage tsananin yanayin zafi mai aminci.
Juriya na lalata don kafofin watsa labarai na sabis daban-daban
Kowane iyali gami yana da bayyanannen ƙarfi da tabo makafi:
- Inconel: Mai ƙarfi a kan oxidation da chloride pitting, ƙarancin tattalin arziki don rage yawan acid.
- Hastelloy: Mafi kyawun zaɓi don cakuda acid da rage yanayin sinadarai, kodayake tsada.
- Incoloy 825: Mai tsada-tasiri don tsarma sulfuric da phosphoric acid, da mahallin brine.
- Monel 400: Yana da kyau tare da hydrofluoric acid da ruwan teku, rashin aiki mara kyau a cikin acid mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kamar nitric acid.
Yawancin gazawar ƙayyadaddun bayanai suna faruwa lokacin da injiniyoyi suka zaɓi gaɓa mai zafin jiki ba tare da duba dacewa da ainihin ruwan tsari ba.
Kayan aikin injiniya a ɗaki da yanayin zafi mai tsayi
Inconel 718 ya yi fice don ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa bayan tsufa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da shi don jujjuyawa mai ɗaukar nauyi da abubuwan da ke ɗauke da matsi.
Inconel 625 yana da ƙananan ƙarfin zafin ɗaki amma mafi kyawun ƙirƙira da haɓakar lalata.
Monel 400 yana ba da kyakkyawar ductility da juriya mai tasiri, wanda ya dace da famfo da sassan bawul ɗin da ke ƙarƙashin ɗaukar nauyi.
Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar: Casting & CNC Machining na Nikel Alloy Parts
Ƙirƙira kai tsaye yana rinjayar lokacin jagora, farashi da ingancin ɓangaren ƙarshe don duka abubuwan haɗin simintin simintin nickel da injin nickel alloy blanks.
Alloys nickel ana gane su azaman kayan injin da ke da wahala, kodayake wahala ta bambanta sosai da ƙima.
Castability na nickel gami
Alloys nickel tare da babban chromium da molybdenum abun ciki suna ɗaukar haɗarin fashewa mai zafi yayin ƙarfafawa.
Inconel 718 yana da kulawa musamman ga ma'aunin zafi a cikin simintin gyare-gyare.
Zuba jari Dole ne wuraren da aka samo asali su sarrafa yawan zafin jiki, daɗaɗɗen ƙirƙira da sanyaya jeri don rage porosity da hawaye masu zafi.
Monel 400 da Incoloy 825 suna da mafi kyawun simintin gyare-gyare a tsakanin ƙungiyar kuma sun fi yin gafara don hadadden simintin simintin gyare-gyare na bakin ciki.
Hastelloy da Inconel 625 suna buƙatar kulawar tsari mai ƙarfi kuma galibi mafi girman ƙima.
Halayen injina & ƙalubalen gama gari
Da zarar an samar da simintin gyare-gyare, yawancin simintin simintin gyare-gyare na nickel har yanzu suna buƙatar madaidaicin kammalawar CNC.
Ƙarfafa aiki shine ƙalubalen injina na farko. Yanke zafi yana haɓaka da sauri a gefen kayan aiki, yana haɓaka lalacewa.
Shagunan suna amfani da jinkirin saurin saman ƙasa, ingantattun kayan aikin rake da kuma kwararar sanyi mai karimci don Inconel da Hastelloy.
Monel 400 inji mai nisa cikin sauri, wanda shine dalili ɗaya da ya shahara ga kayan aikin ruwan teku na al'ada.
Inconel 718 shine mafi yawan buƙata; tarurrukan bita da yawa suna amfani da yumbu ko kayan aikin carbide mai rufi da ƙarancin abinci don gujewa yadudduka masu taurin aiki.
Bayan aiwatarwa: maganin zafi, rage damuwa, duba NDT
Bukatun kula da zafi sun bambanta sosai: Inconel 718 yana buƙatar taurin shekaru don buɗe ƙarfin kololuwar sa, yayin da Inconel 625 da Hastelloy galibi ana ba da su a cikin yanayin warwarewar.
Taimakon danniya shine daidaitaccen simintin simintin gyare-gyare da kayan aikin nickel gami don rage saura damuwa da murdiya.
Mahimman sassan sabis galibi suna buƙatar binciken NDT gami da gwajin shiga, gwajin hoto ko duban ultrasonic, dangane da ƙayyadaddun masana'antu don mai da gas, wutar lantarki ko amfani da sararin samaniya.
Aikace-aikacen Masana'antu Na Musamman & Misalan Sashe na Sashe
Kowane taswirori na nickel gami na iyali zuwa saitin sassan masana'antu wanda aka ayyana ta yanayin tsari.
Oil & gas da petrochemical kayan aiki
Gyaran bawul ɗin mai da iskar gas, abubuwan shaƙa, kayan aikin rijiyar da masu raba ciki akai-akai Yi amfani da Inconel 625, Incoloy 825 da maki Hastelloy.
Wadannan gami suna tsayayya da brine mai tsami, carbon dioxide da lalata hydrogen sulfide wanda ke kai hari ga daidaitaccen bakin karfe.
Ƙarfafa wutar lantarki (gas turbine, abubuwan da aka gyara na tukunyar jirgi)
Gas turbine hot-gas hatimi, combustor hardware da turbine kewaye bawul aka gyara yawanci saka Inconel gami sassa don creep da hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya a karkashin cyclic high-zazzabi aiki.
Chemical sarrafa & acidic matsakaici kayan aiki
Hastelloy shine zaɓi na farko don masu sarrafa sinadarai, nozzles na mahaɗa, sarrafa bawul ɗin datsa da manifolds da aka fallasa ga gauraye acid, chloride da kafofin watsa labarai na oxidising.
Marine, desalination da sabis na ruwan teku
Monel 400 ana amfani dashi sosai don bawul ɗin ruwa na teku, abubuwan famfo da kayan ɗamara.
Yana jure lalata ruwan teku iri ɗaya mafi kyau fiye da yawancin maki mara kyau na gama gari, kodayake ba shi da kariya daga lalatawar ƙwayoyin cuta a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau.
Aerospace & thermal sarrafa kayan aiki
Kayan aikin Aerospace ya dogara kacokan akan Inconel 718 don injin turbine da kayan gini.
Waɗannan aikace-aikacen suna buƙatar cikakken gano kayan abu, ingantattun rahotannin gwaji da tsauraran matakan kula da zafi.
Jagoran Zaɓin Matsayin Nickel Alloy don Masu Siyayya & Injiniya
Zaɓin ma'auni daidai gwargwado na nickel yana buƙatar daidaita ma'auni guda huɗu: zafin aiki, matsakaicin tsari, nauyin injina da jimlar kuɗin mallakar mallaka.
Ma'aunin zaɓi na mahimmanci: zafin jiki, matsakaici, kaya, kasafin kuɗi
Fara da rubuta ci gaba da yawan zafin jiki, zafin jiki kololuwa, sinadarai na ruwa, pH, chloride maida hankali da kuma ko yanayin yana oxidising ko ragewa.
Na gaba ayyana buƙatun inji kamar a tsaye lodi, gajiyawar cyclic, matsa lamba da lalacewa.
Idan zafin jiki ya yi girma kuma lodi yana da mahimmanci, Inconel yawanci shine wurin farawa.
Idan babban haɗarin ya ƙunshi lalata acid, kimanta Hastelloy.
Don ruwan teku ko sabis na HF, Monel 400 ya dace sau da yawa.
Don matsakaicin lalata tare da matsin kasafin kuɗi, Incoloy 825 ɗan takara ne mai ƙarfi.
Sauya matakin gama-gari yana yi da abin da bai kamata ba
Kar a canza maki bisa farashi kawai. Garin mai rahusa wanda ya gaza da wuri yana haifar da mafi girman rufewa da farashin canji.
- Kar a maye gurbin Hastelloy tare da Incoloy don rage yawan rafukan acid.
- Kar a zaɓi Monel don nitric acid ko muhalli mai ƙarfi.
- Inconel 625 ba shine maye gurbin kai tsaye ga Inconel 718 mai taurin shekaru lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
Ciniki-kashe: aiki vs kayan & farashin machining
Hastelloy da Inconel 718 suna ba da umarnin mafi girman kayan da farashin injina.
Monel da Incoloy suna ba da wurin shigarwa mai ƙarancin farashi lokacin da ambulaf ɗin aikin su ya dace da yanayin aiki.
Yawancin masu siye kuma suna kimanta ko rufin rufin zai iya biyan buƙatu maimakon cikakken ingantaccen ɓangaren gami da nickel.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Menene bambanci tsakanin Inconel da Hastelloy?
Inconel an inganta shi don ƙarfin zafin jiki da juriya na iskar shaka. Hastelloy yana ba da fifiko ga juriya ga haɗe-haɗen acid da rage lalata kafofin watsa labarai.
Hastelloy gabaɗaya ya fi ƙarfin Inconel a cikin sabis na sinadarai mai tsanani, yayin da Inconel ya fi son kayan haɗin gine-gine masu zafi.
Shin Inconel 718 ya fi sauƙi don jefawa fiye da Inconel 625?
A'a. Inconel 718 yana da kunkuntar taga simintin simintin gyare-gyare da kuma mafi girman haɗari ga fashewa mai zafi, yana buƙatar tsauraran tsarin sarrafawa idan aka kwatanta da Inconel 625.
Kamfanonin kafa sau da yawa suna ƙara kaurin bango ko amfani da ingantattun ƙirar ƙofa don rage ƙima don simintin Inconel 718.
Za a iya amfani da Monel 400 don sabis na hydrochloric acid?
Monel 400 yana aiki da kyau a cikin dilute, acid hydrofluoric mara iska. Ayyukansa a cikin hydrochloric acid ya dogara sosai akan maida hankali, zazzabi da iska; narkar da iskar oxygen da oxidising gurɓataccen abu yana haɓaka lalata da sauri.
Menene bambanci tsakanin simintin gyare-gyare da sassa na nickel gami?
Sassan gami da nickel da aka yi suna farawa daga ƙirƙira ko naɗaɗɗen haja kuma ana sarrafa su na CNC, suna ba da mafi girma, mafi daidaiton ƙarfi.
Ana yin sassan simintin simintin simintin simintin gyare-gyare ta hanyar simintin gyare-gyare, sun fi dacewa da hadaddun geometries kuma galibi suna raguwa cikin farashi don ƙirƙira kayan kayan gyara.
