I-Nickel Based Alloy Parts: I-Inconel, i-Incoloy, i-Hastelloy kunye ne-Monel Material Guide 

Isishwankathelo: Esi sikhokelo sithelekisa i-Inconel, i-Incoloy, i-Hastelloy kunye ne-Monel nickel alloys, ukugubungela imida yokushisa, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuphosa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokukhethwa kwenxalenye yeshishini.

Esi sikhokelo sibandakanya amabakala e-nickel alloy asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuquka i-Inconel, i-Incoloy, i-Hastelloy kunye ne-Monel, kunye nedatha ephathekayo kwimida yeqondo lokushisa, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukuphosa kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokuxhasa ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo ze-industrial part.

Amalungu ealloyi asekwe kwi-nickel agqwesa intsimbi eqhelekileyo kunye nentsimbi yekhabhoni xa izixhobo zijongene nobushushu obuphezulu, ulwelo olunobundlongondlongo oludlayo, okanye ukulayishwa koomatshini kunye neekhemikhali ezidityanisiweyo.

Zombini izinto ezifakwe kwi-nickel alloy kunye ne-nickel alloy blanks zenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo kuwo wonke amashishini enkqubo enzima.

Intshayelelo yeNgxelo ye-Nickel esekelwe kwi-alloy

I-alloys esekwe kwi-nickel zizinto zetsimbi ezine-nickel njengeyona nto iphambili ye-matrix, edityaniswe ngechromium, i-molybdenum, intsimbi, ubhedu kunye nezinye izinto ukulungelelanisa iipropathi zoomatshini kunye nomhlwa.

Inzuzo yabo enkulu kukusebenza okuzinzile phantsi koxinzelelo oludibeneyo oluhlisa i-steels eziqhelekileyo: i-high-temperature creep, i-oxidation, i-pitting, i-crevice corrosion kunye nokuhlaselwa ngamajelo e-acidic okanye i-chloride ecebileyo.

Umahluko ophambili wahlula amacandelo e-nickel alloy ekhandiweyo kunye neenxalenye ze-nickel alloy.

Ukwahluka okwenziweyo kuyenziwa okanye kuqengqeleke emva koko kwenziwe ngoomatshini be-CNC, kunika ulawulo oluluqilima lokuziinkozo kunye namandla okuqina aphezulu kuyilo lomthwalo ophezulu.

Amalungu e-nickel alloy alloy, aveliswa ngokusasazwa kotyalo-mali, isuti yeejiyometri ezintsonkothileyo ezifana nevalve trim, imilomo kunye nezinto ezinxitywayo ezinxitywayo apho ukubunjwa kwe-net-net kunciphisa umsebenzi womatshini opheleleyo.

Kuyanceda ukwahlula ezi zixhobo kumacandelo e-Stellite alloy.

Ngelixa i-Stellite cobalt alloys igqwesa kwi-abrasive wear, i-cavitation kunye nenkonzo ye-hardfacing, ii-alloys ze-nickel zikhethwa ngokuyinhloko ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nobushushu obuphezulu besakhiwo.

Usapho ngalunye luzalisa i-niche eyahlukileyo kwi-spare part specication.

Iintsapho ezingundoqo zeNickel Alloy kunye nombono weBanga

Ama-alloys e-nickel ahlanganiswe nge-alloying systems kunye namandla okusebenza angundoqo. Iintsapho ezine zilawula ii-odolo zecandelo lemveliso: Inconel, Incoloy, Hastelloy kunye neMonel.

I-Inconel Alloy Series

Amabakala e-Inconel zii-nickel-chromium alloys, ahlala enemolybdenum, niobium okanye izongezo zetitanium.

Zenzelwe ukugcina amandla kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Ezona nxalenye zimbini zichazwe ngokubanzi ze-Inconel alloy zi Inconel 625 kunye ne-Inconel 718.

I-Inconel 718 isebenzisa ukuqina kwemvula ukuhambisa amandla aphezulu kunye namandla ahambahambayo, iyenza ibe yinto engagqibekanga kwi-hardware elayishiweyo yecandelo elishushu.

I-Inconel 625 ixhomekeke ekomelezeni-isisombululo esiluqilima, ngokuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kwi-chloride pitting kunye nokunyamezelana kwe-corrosion ngokubanzi kumajelo axubileyo.

I-Incoloy Alloy Series

Amanqaku e-Icoloy anjenge-iron-nickel-chromium alloys.

Umxholo we-iron unciphisa iindleko zempahla ekrwada xa kuthelekiswa namabakala e-Inconel acocekileyo ane-nickel-rich ngelixa ugcina ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kwi-aqueous corrosion kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi.

I-Incoloy 825 libakala eliphambili kweli qela.

Ilinganisa ukuchasana ne-asidi ye-sulfuric, i-phosphoric acid kunye ne-chloride yoxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking, ukhetho oluqhelekileyo kwiikhemikhali ezisezantsi kunye nezixhobo ze-oilfield.

Uthotho lweHastelloy Alloy

I-Hastelloy yintsapho ye-nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy eyakhelwe ukubola okukhulu kweekhemikhali.

Umxholo ophezulu we-molybdenum unika iinxalenye ze-Hastelloy alloy ukunyamezela okunamandla ekunciphiseni i-acids, imijelo ye-asidi exutywe kunye ne-chloride equkethe ulwelo lwenkqubo.

Olu sapho luqwalaselo lokuqala lwe-reactors, ii-manifolds kunye ne-valve trim evezwe kumajelo osasazo ekhemikhali apho insimbi engenasici okanye i-Inconel eqhelekileyo isilela ngokukhawuleza.

I-Monel Alloy Series

Iialloys zeMonel ziialloyi zenickel-copper ezinechromium encinci. IMonel 400 lelona bakala lixhaphakileyo.

Inika ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kwi-hydrofluoric acid kunye nokhukuliseko lwamanzi olwandle, kunye ne-ductility efanelekileyo kunye nomatshini olula xa kuthelekiswa namanqaku amaninzi e-nickel ephezulu.

Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokuphatha i-marine, desalination kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid.

Qaphela: I-Hastelloy igubungela amabanga amaninzi ahlukeneyo; olu luhlu lobushushu luyireferensi ebanzi. Soloko uqinisekisa imida ngokuchasene nedatha yedatha yebakala lakho leHastelloy ngqo.

Ukuqhekeka koMsebenzi ngeBanga le-Nickel Alloy

Xa kuthelekiswa iindawo ze-nickel alloy zeprojekthi, iindidi ezintathu zokusebenza ziqhuba izigqibo ezininzi ezicacileyo: ukuzinza kobushushu obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokuziphatha koomatshini.

Amandla obushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation

Amanqaku angekhoyo akhokela kolu didi. I-Inconel 625 igcina uzinzo kumphezulu ngokuchasene ne-oxidation ukuya kuthi ga kwi-980 ° C emoyeni ococekileyo, ngelixa i-Inconel 718 inqunyelwe ukuthoba amaqondo obushushu aqhubekayo ngenxa yokuba i-microstructure yayo eqinile yemvula idiliza kubushushu obukhulu.

I-Hastelloy inokubonelela ngokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu bobushushu, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo ngoomatshini ayifani ne-Inconel kwinkonzo yomthwalo oshushu ixesha elide.

I-Monel kunye ne-Incoloy ayenzelwanga umsebenzi ozinzileyo we-ultra-high-temperature; amandla abo ehla ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kwemida yobushushu obulinganisiweyo.

Inqaku elibalulekileyo: ukulinganisa ubushushu obupapashiweyo kusebenza kwinkonzo yomoya ococekileyo.

Imiphunga edliwayo, isulfure okanye ityuwa enyibilikisiweyo izakuwehlisa kakhulu amaqondo obushushu okusebenza akhuselekileyo.

Ukumelana nokubola kwimidiya yeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo

Usapho ngalunye lwe-alloy lunamandla acacileyo kunye neendawo ezingaboniyo:

• I-Inconel: Yomelele ngokuchasene ne-oxidation kunye ne-chloride pitting, ingaphantsi kwezoqoqosho ekunciphiseni okugxininisiweyo kwee-asidi.
• I-Hastelloy: Olona khetho lulungileyo lwe-asidi exutyiweyo kunye nokunciphisa indawo zeekhemikhali, nangona zibiza kakhulu.
• I-Incoloy 825: Ixabiso elisebenzayo lokuxutywa kwe-asidi yesulfuric kunye ne-phosphoric, kunye nokusingqongileyo kwe-brine.
• I-Monel 400: Igqwesileyo nge-hydrofluoric acid kunye namanzi olwandle, ukusebenza kakubi kwi-acids oxidising eqinile njenge-nitric acid.

Iintsilelo ezininzi zokuchaza zenzeka xa iinjineli zikhetha i-alloy yobushushu obuphezulu ngaphandle kokujonga ukuhambelana nolwelo lwenkqubo yokwenyani.

Iimpawu zomatshini kwigumbi kunye nobushushu obuphakamileyo

I-Inconel 718 imele amandla aphezulu esivuno emva kokuqina kweminyaka, yiyo loo nto isetyenziselwa ukujikeleza komthwalo kunye namacandelo aqulethe uxinzelelo.

I-Inconel 625 inamandla asezantsi obushushu begumbi kodwa yenziwe ngcono kunye nokuguquguquka kwe-corrosion.

I-Monel 400 ihambisa i-ductility elungileyo kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo, ehambelana nempompo kunye neendawo zevalvu ezixhomekeke ekulayisheni ukothuka.

Ukwenziwa kwezinto: UkuCasa kunye ne-CNC Machining ye-Nickel Alloy Parts

Ukwenziwa kwemveliso kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ixesha lokukhokela, ixabiso kunye nomgangatho wokugqibela wenxalenye yazo zombini i-nickel alloy components kunye ne-machined nickel alloy blanks.

Ama-alloys e-nickel abonwa ngokubanzi njengezinto ezinzima kumatshini, nangona ubunzima buhluka ngokukhawuleza ngokwebakala.

I-castability ye-nickel alloys

I-nickel alloys ene-chromium ephezulu kunye nomxholo we-molybdenum ithwala umngcipheko wokuqhaqhazeka okutshisa ngexesha lokuqiniswa.

I-Inconel 718 inovelwano ngakumbi kwiigradient zobushushu ekujuleni.

Ukwenziwa kotyalo-mali amaziko kufuneka alawule ubushushu obuthululwayo, ukufudumeza komngundo kwangaphambili kunye nolandelelwano lokupholisa ukunciphisa i-porosity kunye neenyembezi ezishushu.

I-Monel 400 kunye ne-Incoloy 825 ineyona nto ingcono yokuphosa phakathi kweqela kwaye ixolele ngakumbi kwiindonga ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo.

I-Hastelloy kunye ne-Inconel 625 zifuna ulawulo olungqongqo lwenkqubo kunye namazinga aphezulu okwaliwa.

Iimpawu zoMatshini kunye nemingeni eqhelekileyo

Nje ukuba kuveliswe izikhewu, uninzi lwe-nickel alloy castings lusafuna ukugqitywa kwe-CNC ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukuqina komsebenzi ngowona mngeni uphambili womatshini. Ukusika ukushisa kwakha ngokukhawuleza kumda wesixhobo, ukukhawuleza ukunxiba kweflank.

Iivenkile zisebenzisa isantya esicothayo somphezulu, isixhobo serake esilungileyo sejiyometri kunye nokuqukuqela okupholisayo kweInconel kunye neHastelloy.

Oomatshini beMonel 400 ngokulula ngakumbi, esesinye sesizathu sokuba idume kumacandelo asetyenziswa ngoomatshini bamanzi olwandle.

I-Inconel 718 yeyona ifuna kakhulu; iiworkshops ezininzi zisebenzisa ceramic okanye izixhobo carbide coated kunye namazinga ifidi eliphantsi ukuphepha umsebenzi-nzima umphezulu umaleko.

I-post-processing: unyango lobushushu, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukuhlolwa kwe-NDT

Iimfuno zonyango lokushisa zihluke kakhulu: I-Inconel 718 idinga ukuqina kweminyaka ukuze ivule amandla ayo aphezulu, ngelixa i-Inconel 625 kunye ne-Hastelloy ngokuqhelekileyo zibonelelwa kwimeko yesisombululo-annealed.

Uncedo loxinzelelo lusemgangathweni wokuphoswa kunye nomatshini omkhulu we-nickel alloy alloy ukuze kuncitshiswe intsalela yoxinzelelo kunye nokugqwetheka.

Iinxalenye zenkonzo ebalulekileyo zihlala zifuna ukuhlolwa kwe-NDT kubandakanywa uvavanyo lokungena, uvavanyo lwe-radiographic okanye ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic, ngokuxhomekeke kwimigaqo yoshishino kwi-oyile kunye negesi, amandla okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-aerospace.

Usetyenziso oluQhelekileyo lwezoShishino kunye neMizekeliso yeSigaba esiGcinayo

I-nickel alloy nganye iimephu zeentsapho ukuya kwiseti yamacandelo oshishino achazwe yinkqubo yeemeko.

Ioyile kunye negesi kunye nezixhobo zepetrochemical

I-oyile kunye ne-gas valve trim, amacandelo okuminxa, izixhobo ze-wellhead kunye umahluli wangaphakathi rhoqo sebenzisa i-Inconel 625, i-Incoloy 825 kunye ne-Hastelloy amabakala.

Ezi alloys zixhathisa i-sour brine, i-carbon dioxide kunye ne-hydrogen sulfide corrosion ehlasela intsimbi esemgangathweni.

Ukuveliswa kombane (iinjini yegesi, amacandelo ebhoyila)

Iitywina zendlela ye-injini yegesi eshushu, i-hardware ye-combustor kunye neendawo zevalvu ye-inconel edlulayo ye-inconel eqhelekileyo zichaza iinxalenye ze-Inconel ze-alloy zokurhweba kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation phantsi komjikelo wobushushu obuphezulu.

Ukusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali kunye nesixhobo esineasidi esiphakathi

I-Hastelloy lolona khetho luphambili kwii-reactors zekhemikhali, imilomo yomxube, i-valve trim yokulawula kunye nokudluliselwa kwezinto ezininzi ezivezwe kwi-asidi edibeneyo, i-chloride kunye ne-oxidising media.

Inkonzo yolwandle, yokukhupha ityuwa kunye namanzi olwandle

I-Monel 400 isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiivalvu zamanzi olwandle, amacandelo epompo kunye nezibophelelo.

Imelana nokukhula okufanayo kwamanzi olwandle ngcono kunamabakala amaninzi aqhelekileyo angenaziphene, nangona ingakhuselekanga kukuhlwa okunefuthe lemicrobiologically phantsi kweemeko ezimileyo.

I-aerospace kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa ukushisa

Izixhobo ze-aerospace zithembele kakhulu kwi-Inconel 718 kwi-injini yomoya kunye nezixhobo zesakhiwo.

Ezi zicelo zifuna ukulandeleka okupheleleyo kwezinto, iingxelo zovavanyo eziqinisekisiweyo kunye nemijikelo yonyango yobushushu elawulwa ngokuqinileyo.

ISikhokelo sokuKhetha iBanga le-Nickel Alloy kubaThengi kunye neeNjineli

Ukukhetha ibakala elichanekileyo le-nickel alloy kufuna ukulungelelanisa izinto ezine ezingundoqo: ubushushu bokusebenza, inkqubo ephakathi, umthwalo womatshini kunye neendleko zobunini zizonke.

Iikhrayitheriya zokukhetha eziphambili: iqondo lokushisa, eliphakathi, umthwalo, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali

Qala ngokubhala ubushushu obuqhubekayo bokusebenza, ubushushu obuphezulu, ikhemistri yamanzi, i-pH, i-chloride yoxinaniso kunye nokuba imo engqongileyo i-oxidising okanye iyanciphisa.

Okulandelayo chaza iimfuno zoomatshini ezifana nomthwalo omileyo, ukudinwa kwebhayisikile, uxinzelelo kunye nokunxiba.

Ukuba ubushushu buphezulu kwaye ukulayisha kubalulekile, i-Inconel idla ngokuba yindawo yokuqala.

Ukuba umngcipheko obalaseleyo kukugqwala kweasidi, vavanya iHastelloy.

Kumanzi olwandle okanye inkonzo yeHF, iMonel 400 ihlala ifanelekile.

Kwi-corrosion ephakathi kunye noxinzelelo lwebhajethi, i-Incoloy 825 ngumviwa onamandla.

Ukutshintsha kwebanga eliqhelekileyo okwenziwa nokungenziwa

Musa ukutshintsha amabakala asekelwe kuphela kwixabiso. Ialloyi enexabiso eliphantsi engaphumeleliyo ngaphambi kwexesha idala ukuvalwa okuphezulu kakhulu kunye neendleko zokutshintsha.

• Musa ukuthatha indawo ye-Hastelloy nge-Incoloy yokunciphisa imijelo ye-asidi egxininisiweyo.
• Musa ukukhetha i-Monel ye-nitric acid okanye i-oxidising environments.
• I-Inconel 625 ayithathi ndawo ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Inconel 718 eqinile xa kufuneka amandla aphezulu.

Urhwebo: ukusebenza ngokuchasene nemathiriyeli kunye neendleko zoomatshini

I-Hastelloy kunye ne-Inconel 718 ziyalela ezona zinto ziphezulu kunye neendleko zoomatshini.

I-Monel kunye ne-Incoloy banikezela ngexabiso eliphantsi lokungena xa imvulophu yokusebenza kwabo ihambelana nendawo yokusebenza.

Abathengi abaninzi bakwavavanya ukuba i-overlay cladding ingahlangabezana neemfuno endaweni yenxalenye ye-nickel alloy eyomeleleyo ngokupheleleyo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Inconel kunye ne-Hastelloy?

I-Inconel ilungiselelwe amandla obushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation. IHastelloy ibeka phambili ukuxhathisa kwiiasidi ezixubeneyo ezinobundlobongela kunye nokunciphisa imithombo yeendaba ezonakalisayo.

I-Hastelloy ngokubanzi idlula i-Inconel kwinkonzo yeekhemikhali ezinzima, ngelixa i-Inconel ikhethwa kwizinto ezishushu zesakhiwo.

Ngaba i-Inconel 718 ilula ukuyiphosa kune-Inconel 625?

Inombolo ye-Inconel 718 inefestile yokuphosa encinci kunye nokuchaphazeleka okuphezulu kokuqhekeka okutshisayo, kufuna ulawulo olungqongqo lwenkqubo xa kuthelekiswa ne-Inconel 625.

Ii-Foundries zihlala zonyusa ubukhulu bodonga okanye zisebenzise uyilo olusulungekileyo lokungena ekunciphiseni amaxabiso okulahlwa kwe-Inconel 718.

Ngaba iMonel 400 ingasetyenziselwa inkonzo ye-hydrochloric acid?

I-Monel 400 iqhuba kakuhle kwi-dilute, air-free hydrofluoric acid. Ukusebenza kwayo kwi-hydrochloric acid kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekugxininiseni, ukushisa kunye ne-aeration; ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo kunye ne-oxidising contaminants ikhawulezisa ukubola ngokukhawuleza.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwamalungu e-nickel alloy axonxiweyo kunye nawo?

Amalungu e-nickel alloy esetyenzisiweyo aqala kwisitokhwe esenziweyo okanye esiqengqelekisiweyo kwaye zenziwe ngoomatshini be-CNC, zihambisa amandla aphezulu, angaguquguqukiyo ngakumbi.

Iindawo ze-nickel alloy zenziwa ngokusasazwa, zifaneleka ngcono kwiijometri ezintsonkothileyo kwaye zihlala ziphantsi kweendleko zoyilo oluntsonkothileyo lwenxalenye esecaleni.