Isifinyezo: Umhlahlandlela wezobuchwepheshe we-Inconel 718 wokuphonselwa inselelo kokutshala izimali, okuhlanganisa ukuqhekeka okushisayo nomshini, nokuthi yini abathengi okufanele bayihlole kumnikezeli.
I-Inconel 718 ingenye yama-superalloy asuselwa ku-nickel asetshenziswa kakhulu. Igcina amandla aphezulu, imelana nokunyakaza, nempilo yokukhathala emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-700°C.
Lezi zakhiwo zikwenza kube ukukhetha okujwayelekile kwezingxenye zenjini ye-aerospace, izinjini zegesi, kanye nemishini kawoyela negesi.
Kodwa-ke, izici ezifanayo ezenza i-Inconel 718 ifiseleke futhi zenza kube nzima kakhulu ukusakaza nomshini.
Lapho kutholwa I-Inconel 718 yokutshala imali izingxenye, abathengi bavame ukuthola ukuthi akuwona wonke ama-Foundry angaletha ukusakazwa komsindo.
Ukuqonda izimpande ze-metallurgical zalezi zinkinga ziwusizo kakhulu kunokumane ucele uhlu lwezitifiketi.
Izitifiketi zibonisa ukuthi isikhungo siphumelele ukuhlolwa, hhayi ukuthi isilawuli saso senqubo siyakwazi ukuphatha le ngxubevange ethile.
Kungani i-Inconel 718 Inenselele Yokutshala Imali
Ukukhishwa kwe-investimenti kuyifanele kahle i-Inconel 718 ngoba ingakhiqiza izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, eziseduze futhi yehlise inani le-superalloy ebizayo ekhishwa ngomshini.
Kodwa inqubo yokuqinisa ehambisana nokusakazwa yethula izingozi ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhubazeka.
Ingozi Yokuqhekeka Okushisayo (Isigaba Se-Laves)
I-Inconel 718 iqukethe i-niobium (Nb). Phakathi nezigaba zokugcina zokuqiniswa, uketshezi olusele lucetshiswa ku-Nb, i-silicon, nezinye izakhi, okukhuthaza ukwakheka kwesigaba seLaves.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ngisho namazinga esigaba samaLaves ayinsalela aphansi njengo-0.14–0.35 wt% angaba yingozi ekushiseni kwe-ductility kanye nezakhiwo zokugqashuka kwengcindezi.
Ukuba khona kwesigaba se-Laves kunweba ububanzi bokuqanda obusebenzayo, okushiya izifunda ze-interdendritic zingenayo i-ductility eyanele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nobunzima bokufinyela sekwephuzile ekuqinisweni.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelayo, lokhu kuholela ekudabukeni okushisayo.
Izinga lokupholisa liwukuhluka okuyinhloko kokulawula isigaba samaLaves. Ukupholisa kancane kuvumela ukuhlukaniswa kwe-niobium okwengeziwe futhi kwandisa amathuba okugcina isigaba se-Laves esisele ekamelweni lokushisa; ukupholisa okusheshayo kungacindezela ukwakheka kwayo.
Ngakho-ke, ikhono le-Foundry lokulawula izinga lokushisa ngaphambi kokushisa kwegobolondo, izinga lokushisa elithelayo, namashejuli okupholisa lisho ngokuqondile impumelelo yalo ekuvimbeleni ukuqhekeka okushisayo.
Ukuncipha kanye ne-Porosity yangaphakathi
Ukuziphatha kokuncipha kwe-Inconel 718 kuzwela kakhulu ewindini lenqubo. Ucwaningo lokulingisa ekubunjweni kwe-turbine blade lubonisa ukuthi lapho isikhathi sokuhlala kwesikhunta sikhuphuka sisuka ku-0 s siye kuma-420 s, izinga lokushisa legobolondo lehla lisuka ku-1000°C liye ku-860°C, futhi isamba sokuncipha kwevolumu nemvamisa kukhuphuka ngokuhambisanayo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ukuphathwa okushisayo ngaphambi kokuthulula kuphambuka efasiteleni eliklanyelwe, i-porosity yangaphakathi izokhula kakhulu.
I-porosity yangaphakathi ekulingisini kwe-Inconel 718 akuyona into engavamile kodwa imodi yokwehluleka evamile ebangelwa ukulawulwa kwenqubo okunganele.
Ezingxenyeni ezithwala umthwalo noma ezidinga ukukhathala, ngisho nangemuva kwe-Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP), ukushwabana okuncane kusengafinyeza impilo yokukhathala.
Ngakho-ke, ubungozi bokuncipha kufanele kubhekwane nakho kusuka ekuklanyweni kwesistimu yesango kanye nezigaba zokulingisa zokuqinisa.
Izinselelo zangemva kokulingisa: Umshini Inconel 718
Ngisho nokusakazwa komsindo kusaletha ubunzima obubalulekile bokwenza imishini. I-Inconel 718 ine-conductivity ephansi ye-thermal, igxila ekushiseni okusika eduze konqenqema lwethuluzi, kuyilapho isakhiwo sayo se-austenitic sibangela ukuqina komsebenzi ngokushesha ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kokusika.
Lesi sendlalelo esiqiniswe ngumsebenzi sisheshisa ukugqoka kwe-flank, kudala umjikelezo lapho ukusika kwenza okubalulekile kube nzima, okubuye kugqoke ithuluzi ngokushesha.
Ngemingcele yokusika, amathuluzi e-carbide angavaliwe asebenza kahle ebangeni elingu-10–30 m/min; ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-40 m/min, ukufakwa kwe-carbide eboshwe kufanelekile kakhulu.
Leli banga lesivinini liphansi kakhulu kunezinhlaka ezivamile ze-aluminium noma insimbi evamile, okusho ukuthi isikhathi somshini nezindleko zamathuluzi ze-Inconel 718 ziphakeme ngokwemvelo.
Ngokombono wokuthenga, lokhu kuphakamisa iphuzu elibalulekile lokuhlola umhlinzeki: abasunguli abanamakhono omshini wasendlini ngokuvamile banenzuzo ngaphezu kwalabo abakhiqiza kanye nemishini yangaphandle kuphela.
Ukuziphatha kokuqina komsebenzi kwe-Inconel 718 kudinga ukuthuthukiswa okudidiyelwe kwamapharamitha okusika, izindlela zamathuluzi, nokuqina kokulungisa.
Uma i-Foundry ilawula kokubili ukubekezelela ukusakaza kanye nezibonelelo zomshini, ingacacisa izimo ezifanele kakhulu phakathi nokulingisa, inciphise ingcuphe yokugqoka kwamathuluzi okungavamile noma ukulimala kobuqotho okubangelwa izibonelelo ezingafanele.
Indlela Yokuhlola I-Inconel 718 Foundry
Uma uhlola abahlinzeki ngokusakazwa kwe-Inconel 718, izitifiketi ziwumkhawulo, akusona isimo esanele.
Amakhono alandelayo ayinkomba kakhudlwana yokuthi ingabe indawo iyilawula ngempela yini le ngxubevange.
1. Ukuncibilika Nokuthulula Ukulawula Umkhathi. I-Inconel 718 izwela umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen, ne-hydrogen, edinga ukuvikelwa okufanele ngesikhathi sokuncibilika nokuthela.
I-Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM) ingakhawulela ukuxutshwa kwe-oxidation nokuthathwa kwegesi lapho kufanele khona, kodwa akubona bonke ukusakaza kwe-Inconel 718 okudinga i-VIM. Umzila wenqubo kufanele uqinisekiswe ngokumelene nengxenye ecacisiwe kanye namazinga asebenzayo.
2. Ukulawula Ukwelashwa Kokushisa. Ukuqina kwe-as-cast kwe-Inconel 718 akumeleli ukusebenza kwesevisi kokugcina.
Umzila ovame ukucaciswa wokwelapha ukushisa ezincwadini zemboni uhlanganisa ukwelashwa kwesixazululo cishe ku-980°C okulandelwa ukupholisa okusheshayo, ukuguga kokuqala ku-720°C amahora angu-8, ukupholisa kwesithando somlilo ku-620°C okwesibili ukuguga kwamahora angu-8, nokupholisa umoya.
Lokhu kuguga kwezigaba ezimbili kusheshisa isigaba sokuqinisa esingu-γ″ esinesibopho samandla engxubevange.
Uma umphakeli engenazo izinto zokushisa ezilawulwayo kanye namajika okushisa alandelekayo, ukusakaza kungase kuhlangabezane nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ye-metallurgical kodwa kuhluleke izidingo zomshini.
3. Ububanzi Bokuhlola Okungabhubhisi (NDT). Ukuncipha kwangaphakathi kanye nokuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo kwe-Inconel 718 kusho ukuthi i-NDT ayikwazi ukuthembela ekuhloleni okubonakalayo kuphela.
I-X-ray radiography ithola ukushwabana nokuqhekeka kwangaphakathi, ukuhlolwa kwe-fluorescent penetrant inspection (FPI) kuhlonza amaphutha aqhamuka phezulu, futhi ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic kungase kungezelele ukuhlola okuseduze kwendawo noma kwangaphakathi.
Qinisekisa ukuthi i-NDT yenziwa ngaphakathi noma inikezwa ngaphandle, nokuthi indlela yokwamukela ifana nesicelo sengxenye.
4. Ukulandelelwa Kwezinto kanye Nokungaguquguquki Kweqoqo. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kokushisa ngakunye kwe-Inconel 718—ikakhulukazi amazinga e-Nb, Si, no-C—kanye nomlando wayo wokupholisa kuthonya ukuthambekela kokwakheka kwesigaba se-Laves.
Idinga amarekhodi okuncibilika kwezinga lenombolo yokushisa, amalogi okwelashwa kokushisa, nemibiko ye-NDT kuyindlela eqondile yokuhlola ukuthi ukulawulwa kwenqubo yomphakeli kuhlelekile yini.
5. Ukudidiyelwa kwe-Casting-to-Machining. Njengoba kuphawuliwe, ukuqina komsebenzi we-Inconel 718 kwenza ukuxhumana phakathi kokulingisa nokwenza kube nzima.
Uma umphakeli ekwazi ukuphatha konke ukugeleza komsebenzi endlini, ukudidiyelwa kokwabiwa kokubekezelelana, idizayini yezibonelelo, namasu okulungisa amaphutha ngokuvamile kusebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ukuze uthole izibonelo zamakhono omshini wama-alloys ayinkimbinkimbi, ungabuyekeza amakhono ethu.
Ukucatshangelwa okuqondene nohlelo lokusebenza
I-Inconel 718 yokutshala izimali ngokuvamile iwela ezigabeni ezimbili zohlelo lokusebenza.
Injini ye-Aerospace ne-gas turbine Izingxenye zesakhiwo sesigaba esishisayo (njengama-casings, ama-flanges afakwayo, nabakaki) zidinga ukusebenza kokukhathala komjikelezo omkhulu, nokubekezelela okuphansi kakhulu kwe-porosity yangaphakathi nezinkinga zobuqotho bendawo.
Imishini kawoyela, igesi, namandla izingxenye ezifana nemizimba yama-valve, izingxenye zephampu, nezingxenye ze-wellhead zigxila kakhulu ekumelaneni nokugqwala nobuqotho bengcindezi, lapho iwindi lokubekezelela iphutha lezingxenye ezizwelayo ezishisayo kodwa ezingakhathali zingaba banzi uma kuqhathaniswa.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa “kulula” ukulisakaza. Kusho ukuthi ukugcizelela kokuhlolwa komphakeli kufanele kushintshe ngokusetshenziswa kokuphela kwengxenye.
I-Foundry enerekhodi lokulethwa okungaguquki ekulingiseni okungabalulekile kwesakhiwo ingase ingabi nalo uhlelo lokulawula inqubo kanye nesistimu yokubhala edingekayo ekulingiseni kwe-Aerospace-grade Inconel 718.
Ukucacisa isicelo sokugcina sengxenye kanye namazinga asebenzayo ngesikhathi se-RFQ kusiza umphakeli ukuthi anqume ukuthi amandla enqubo yakhe ayahambisana yini, agweme ukutholwa kwemibandela yokwamukela engafanele kuphela ngemva kokuvela kwengxabano yekhwalithi.
