
2026-11-04
Umzobo uhlala kwidesika yomthengi enomgca omnye wombhalo: “ISIHLALO, iCobalt 6, ngokwe-AMS 5387.” Iingcaphuno ezintathu ziyabuya. Enye ixabisa njengenxalenye yempahla yexabiso, enye iphantse yaphinda kabini, kwaye eyesithathu ibonelela nge-“Stellite 6, into efanayo” kwiiveki ezine endaweni yeshumi. Umahluko kunqabile ukuba machining. Yimalini ye-AMS 5387 ivenkile nganye eneneni enenjongo yokwanelisa - luphi uhlaziyo olusebenzayo, nokuba imvume yokuphosa kunye neradiography ihlala ngaphakathi kwexabiso, kwaye ingxelo yovavanyo lwezinto eziphathekayo inokulandelwa kubushushu obuthile bendawo yokuphosa.
Kwinxalenye ye-cobalt 6, loo mibuzo mithathu ithatha isigqibo sokuba isihlalo esizisiweyo sifanelekile kwaye sihlala, okanye ukuba sifika kunye namaphepha anganelisi mntu. Eli nqaku lihlula iilwimi ezintathu ezixutywayo kwi-oda lokuthenga - igama le-alloy, ukucaciswa kwezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nemigaqo yomyalelo - kwaye ijika nganye ibe yinto yokuthengwa kunye nomgangatho unokukhangela ngaphambi kokuba i-PO isayinwe.
I-Cobalt 6 ligama le-alloy. I-AMS 5387 yinkcazo yezinto eziphathekayo egubungela ukuchithwa kotyalo-mali oluchanekileyo lwe-cobalt-base alloy ene-nominal composition ye-60Co-29Cr-4.5W, enikezelwe njenge-cast, ukwakhiwa ngokufana ne-UNS R30006. Impendulo yokuqala ithi “le nxalenye yenziwe ngantoni.” Eyesibini iphendula "phantsi kweyiphi imithetho oku kudlalwa kwamkelwe."
Lo mahluko ubalulekile kuba i-AMS 5387 ayilonqanaba leprimiyamu ophucula kulo. Isethi yemithetho yokwamkelwa: imida yokuqulunqa kunye nendlela abavavanywa ngayo, imeko enikezelweyo, ubunzima kunye nesiseko sayo sokuguqulwa, ukuhlolwa okungonakalisi, kunye nolwazi lokuyalela umthengi kulindeleke ukuba achaze. Ukuthotyelwa ke ngoko akusiyo ipropathi ephathekayo umboneleli "anayo" - ibango malunga neqashiso elithile, elivavanywe ngendlela ethile, kuhlaziyo oluthile.
| Uthini uxwebhu | Eyona nto imiselayo | Yiyiphi imveliso ekufuneka ibuze |
|---|---|---|
| Cobalt 6 / Stellite 6 | Usapho lwe-alloy kunye nokwakhiwa okuqhelekileyo | Yeyiphi ingcaciso elawula ukwamkelwa komdlalo? |
| I-UNS R30006 | Ireferensi yombhalo-ngqangi | Ngaba ingxelo ikhankanya zombini inombolo ye-UNS kunye neenkcukacha? |
| I-AMS 5387 | Imithetho yokwamkelwa kotyalo-mali lwe-as-cast | Loluphi uhlaziyo, kwaye ingaba isicaphulo siquka iimvavanyo zayo? |
| "Nge-AMS 5387", akukho luhlaziyo | Akukho nto ichanekileyo | Beka uhlaziyo kumzobo kunye ne-PO |
Indawo yokuhlaziya yeyona idla ngokulahleka. I-AMS 5387 njengangoku ikuRevision F, yomhla kaFebruwari 2022, ithathela indawo uRevision E kaDisemba 2015; uxwebhu lukhona ukususela ngo-1955. Uhlaziyo lwe-F lugxininise isakhelo ngeendlela ezininzi eziphathekayo: ukungafani okungagunyaziswanga kunqatshelwe, ukuvavanywa kokubunjwa kwahlaziywa, imfuneko yebar ye-cast yasuswa njengento engasebenziyo, iimfuno zokuguqulwa kobunzima zahlaziywa, iimfuno zomgangatho we-radiographic zongezwa, ukuvunywa kwenkqubo yokuphosa yaba yinto enokuyifuna umthengi, imvume yelizwe-of-clause ichazwe kwangaphambili kwaye i-5 ichazwe kwakhona imvume ye-4. iimeko.
Umphumo ulula, kwaye ufanelekile ukuchazwa ngokucacileyo: ababoneleli ababini banokubhala bobabini "i-AMS 5387" kwisicatshulwa kwaye basebenze kwiiseti zemithetho eyahlukeneyo, kunye nomda wokuhlola ohlukeneyo kunye namaxwebhu ahlukeneyo. Ukuba umzobo owufumene njengelifa ucaphula uhlaziyo oludala, okanye awukhankanyi namnye, lungisa ngokubhaliweyo phambi kwexabiso - hayi kwinqaku lokuqala.
Izinto ezifanayo zivela phantsi kweelebhile ezininzi, kwaye abathengi ngamanye amaxesha bazifunda njengezinto ezahlukeneyo. I-Cobalt 6 yigama eliqhelekileyo ekuthengeni ishishini; I-Stellite 6 ligama lokurhweba uninzi lweenjineli eziqaphelayo; I-UNS R30006 yireferensi yamanani eyenza ilebhu iqinisekise ukwakheka ngokukhawuleza. Umgca wekhathalogu yomthengisi ofunda "inxalenye ye-cobalt alloy ye-6" kunye nokufundwa komzobo "i-AMS 5387" inokuchaza ngokuthe ngqo into efanayo - ileyibhile oyifundayo ayiyona into yesibini.

Kukho ileyibhile yesine yokuphatha ngononophelo: Cobalt 6B. Kukutyunjwa okuhlukeneyo kwintsapho enye, ngokuqhelekileyo ihambelana nefom yemveliso eyahlukileyo kunye nenqanaba lekhabhoni eyahlukileyo, kwaye ayinakutshintshiswa njenge-cast Cobalt 6 phantsi kwe-AMS 5387. Ukuba inxalenye yakho yenombolo iyingxenye ye-cobalt ye-6b, inkcazo esebenzayo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwefomu inguqu, kunye nomzobo, i-PO, kunye nengxelo yokuvavanya yonke into kufuneka ivumelane malunga nokuba yeyiphi into oyithengayo.
Omnye umda ongaphezulu: I-AMS 5387 igubungela ukufakwa. Isitokhwe sebha yomthengi okanye icandelo elenziweyo likuxwebhu olwahlukileyo, nangona igama lengxubevange kwirikhwizishini libukeka lifana. AMS 5387 izinto eziphathekayo, ngokwenkcazo, iindawo eziphosiweyo.
Inkcazo luxwebhu olusisiseko, kodwa iimfuno zalo zihlala kumthengi njengeendleko, ixesha lokukhokela, kunye namaphepha. Imimandla emithathu yenza i-gap eninzi phakathi kwesicatshulwa esiphantsi kunye ne-defensible.
Ukuthobela ukwakheka ngumbuzo waselabhoratri, hayi ibinzana elikwisatifikethi sokusila. Inkcazo ibeka uluhlu lwezinto eziphambili kunye nemida kwiintsalela, kwaye ichaza ukuba isampuli ithathwa kwaye ivavanywa njani. Ingxelo edweliswe kuphela "i-Co balance, Cr, W" - ngaphandle kwexabiso lekhabhoni, indlela yokuvavanya, kunye nokuchongwa kobushushu - ayiphenduli umbuzo umgangatho owubuzayo.
Into ebalulekileyo kwinxalenye yokunxiba ihamba ngaphaya koluhlu. Kule ntsapho ye-alloy, ukumelana nokunxiba kuvela kwi-chromium- kunye ne-tungsten-rich carbides eyenziwe ngexesha lokuqina kwaye isasazwe nge-matrix ene-cobalt. Umxholo weCarbon ngaphakathi kwebhendi evunyelweyo, kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-tungsten, inquma ukuba zininzi iifom ze-carbide; izinga lokupholisa ngokusebenzisa isikhunta - umsebenzi wobunzima becandelo kunye ne-gating - inquma ukuba loo carbide ilungile kwaye ihlakazeke ngokulinganayo okanye i-coarse kwaye iqhubekayo.
Oko kuneziphumo zokuthenga ngokuthe ngqo. Ukuphoswa kwecandelo elinzima kuphola kancinane kwaye kunokuphuhlisa inethiwekhi ye-carbide erhabaxa, ekufutshane-eqhubekayo: ilungile ngokudibeneyo, inzima kumatshini, kwaye ayinyamezeli kakhulu impembelelo yendawo. Inxalenye encinci ipholisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ivelise ukusasazwa okucokisekileyo. Ukuphoswa kabini kubushushu obufanayo, zombini "i-AMS 5387", ngoko ke inokuziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kubuso bokutywinwa. Ukuba inxalenye yakho ixhomekeke ekuxhathiseni ukunxiba kwindawo ethile, buza isiseko ukuba ilawula njani ukuqina kwelo candelo - kungekuphela nje indlela elawula ngayo ikhemistri.
Izinto ezimbini apha zifuna ukuqinisekiswa ngokumalunga nombhalo othengiweyo ngaphambi kokuba nawuphi na umzobo uvele kumaxwebhu akho: imida echanekileyo yokuqulunqa, kunye nokuba iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-microstructural okanye i-carbide zizinto zokwamkelwa okunyanzelekileyo kunokuba zisebenze kakuhle. De kuqinisekiswe, phatha nayiphi na inombolo ecatshulwe ngumthengisi njengebango lomthengisi.
Imeko yokuhanjiswa kwe-AMS 5387 ifana ne-cast, ngoko ke umthengi ovela ekuthengeni intsimbi akufuneki acinge ukuba inyathelo lokunyanga ubushushu yinxalenye yendlela. Nakuphi na ukusetyenzwa kwe-thermal ngaphaya kwemeko echaziweyo kukutenxa ekuvunyelwene ngayo ngokubhaliweyo, kungekhona inyathelo lesiqhelo ivenkile eyongezayo ukwenzela ukuba kube lula.
Izinto ezintathu zokuqhuba ikhowuti zisasazeka ngakumbi kunayo nayiphi na enye.
Ukwamkelwa kwenkqubo yokuphosa. Phantsi koHlaziyo F olu lukhetho umthengi anokuthi alufune. Xa kuyimfuneko, i-Foundry ingenisa inkqubo yayo - ipateni kunye nokusebenza kwe-wax, inkqubo yegobolondo, ukunyibilika kunye nokuthulula umkhuba, i-gating - ukuze ivunywe ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe ukuveliswa kwemveliso. Yongeza ixesha phambi kweprogram kwaye inciphisa ithuba lokuba inqaku lokuqala liyi-scrap. Kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukuba kufuneke inani elitsha lenxalenye, indawo enotywino olubalulekileyo okanye umphezulu ohambayo, okanye inxalenye ekubizi kakhulu ukusilela ukuyifumanisa ezantsi komsinga. Ngokuqhelekileyo ayifanelekanga ukufuna umyalelo ophindayo ngembali ebhaliweyo.

Ukuhlolwa kweRadiographic. Uhlaziyo F longeze iimfuno zomgangatho weradiographic. Ukuba isicatshulwa sithe cwaka kwi-radiography, buza ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ingabandakanyiwe na, zeziphi iindawo ezivavanywayo, kwaye sisiphi isiseko sokwamkelwa esisebenzayo. Le yindleko yokwenyani kunye nexesha elikhokelayo, kwaye isicatshulwa esisishiya ngokuzolileyo asifani nesinye esibandakanya.
Ukuqina. Ukuqina kuyaxelwa, kulinganiswe, kwaye kuguqulelwe phantsi kwemithetho ehlaziyiweyo uHlaziyo F. Ababoneleli badla ngokucaphula umfanekiso okwibhendi ye-HRC 40 kwizinto ezisasazwayo zolu sapho; phatha inani elinjalo njengebango elingangqinisisekayo de ingxelo yovavanyo ilibophelele kubushushu nakwigatya lobulukhuni benkcazelo. Ixabiso lobulukhuni obungenasiseko sokuguqulwa kwaye akukho sampuli yokuchongwa ayibobungqina.
Kukho isizathu sokwakheka kocatshulo lwe-cobalt lwahluka, kwakhona: ixabiso lezinto eziphathekayo kunye nobuntununtunu be-scrap. I-alloy ye-Cobalt-base iyabiza ngekhilogram nganye, kwaye ukuphosa okukhatywayo kuthwala iindleko kunye nexesha elilahlekileyo lokucubungula. Ivenkile ephose le ngxubevange phambi kwamaxabiso ingozi ye-scrap ngokuchanekileyo; ivenkile engenamaxabiso ngethemba.
Cela ipakethe yamaxwebhu kwinqanaba le-RFQ, hayi ekuhanjisweni. Umthengisi ongakwaziyo ukuchaza kwikoteyishini ukuba ngawaphi amaxwebhu aya kukhapha iqashiso ukuxelela into eluncedo malunga nokulandeleka kwayo.
| Uxwebhu | Ikhutshwe ngu | Oko ingqinayo | Umngcipheko ukuba ulahlekile |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingxelo yovavanyo lwezinto eziphathekayo (ikhemikhali, ubulukhuni, ubushushu/i-ID eninzi) | Foundry okanye ilebhu yayo | Iqashiso lihambelana neenkcukacha, kwaye yeyiphi iqashiso | Akukho siseko salo naliphi na ibango lamva |
| Isatifikethi sokuthobela sikhankanya uhlaziyo | Umthengisi | Ngowuphi umgaqo osetyenzisiweyo | “AMS 5387” kungekho nguqulelo, akukho ncedo |
| Inkqubo yokuphosa irekhodi yemvume | I-Foundry, evunywe ngumthengi | Inkqubo yalungiswa phambi kwemveliso | Inqaku lokuqala liba luvavanyo lwenkqubo |
| Ingxelo yeRadiographic | I-Foundry okanye ilebhu yomntu wesithathu | Isandi sangaphakathi kwiindawo ezivavanyiweyo | Iiyantlukwano ezidlalwayo ngaphandle kwerekhodi ekwabelwana ngalo |
| Ukuhlolwa kwenqaku lokuqala kunye nengxelo yobukhulu | Umthengisi | Ijometri ihambelana nomzobo, kubandakanywa nesibonelelo esivunyelweneyo | Ukulinganisa iingxaki ezifunyenwe kwindibano |
| Ingxelo yemvelaphi, apho kuyimfuneko | Umthengisi | Imfuno yokuodola yanelisiwe | Izithethe okanye ukungathotyelwa kwesivumelwano |
Umgaqo osebenzayo we-RFQ: kufuna ngokubhaliweyo ukuba ingxelo yovavanyo ichonge ubushushu kunye nendawo yokuphosa, kunye nokuba isatifikethi sicaphule uhlaziyo. Ezo zivakalisi zibini zisusa uninzi lokungacaci okuvela kamva.
La malungu abelana ngeprofayili esebenzayo: inkonzo eshushu okanye enqabileyo, indawo yokunxiba ekunzima ukuyibuyisela, kunye nejometri enzima ukuvelisa nayiphi na enye indlela.
| Inxalenye | Eyona ndlela yokunxiba | Kutheni inxalenye ye-cobalt-base ingena |
|---|---|---|
| Isihlalo sevalve | Impembelelo ephindaphindiweyo kunye noqhagamshelwano lokutyibilika, rhoqo kushushu | Igcina ubulukhuni kwiqondo lobushushu; ijometri yokutywina inokuphoswa kufutshane kwaye igqitywe kwindawo |
| Umkhono wempompo | Iziqina ezirhabaxa ekuhambeni, kunye nomhlwa | Ukumelana nokunxiba okufanayo ngodonga, kungekuphela nje kumphezulu |
| Umbhobho | Isantya esiphezulu, ukuhamba okugcwele amasuntswana | Indlela yokuhamba yangaphakathi eyenza kuphela imilo yezoqoqosho |
| Bushing | Ukujikeleza okucothayo phantsi komthwalo, umngcipheko we-galling | I-Cobalt-base matrix ixhathisa i-metal-to-metal pickup ngcono kuneentsimbi ezininzi |
Ezinye iindlela zichaza ukhetho ngokuthelekisa. Ukwaleka kwe-Weld kubeka umaleko onzima kwisiseko esisezantsi: ixabiso lezinto eziphantsi, kodwa ukuhlanjululwa kwi-interface, umngcipheko wokuqhekeka, kunye nemida yejometri-awunako ukoleka umbhobho wangaphakathi ongenakufikelela kuwo. I-Tungsten carbide inzima kodwa inkrwempa, iziphatha kakubi phantsi kweempembelelo kunye nokuhamba ngebhayisekile eshushu, kwaye ifuna ukucola idayimani. Iingubo ezibhityileyo ziyasilela emiphethweni kunye nemigca yebhondi xa ibrasion iqala. Ukucoca kwibha eyenziweyo yosapho lwe-6B kuthintela ukuphosa i-porosity kodwa kukunqanda kwijometri elula kunye nejika leendleko ezahlukeneyo.

Yiyo loo nto, xa umzobo ubiza indawo ye-AMS 5387 yeStellite, ijometri ihlala ibandakanya isihlalo, ibhore, okanye i-flow passage ukuba isitokhwe sebha singakwazi ukuhambisa. Ukuphosa akusiyo indawo engabizi kakhulu yefom eyenziweyo - yindlela kuphela eya kwimilo.
I-cobalt ye-6 inxalenye ihamba kwiindawo zokuhlola ezine. Ngamnye unesenzo esinye okanye ezibini ezithintela ngokwenene iingxaki; okunye kukucoceka kwamaphepha.
1. Kwi-RFQ
2. Kwinqaku lokuqala
3. Kuhlolo olungenayo
4. Phambi kwendibano
Ukuba umthengisi unokubonelela ngoxwebhu olunye kuphela, thatha ingxelo yovavanyo lwezinto ezibonakalayo ebonisa ukushisa. Ixhasa zonke ezinye izigwebo, kubandakanywa nokuba umzobo wobulukhuni, isatifikethi, kunye nengxelo yeradiyografi ichaza kwa ezi zinto uziphetheyo.
"Ibhloko yezixhobo ithi iCobalt 6, ngoko idibana ne-AMS 5387." Igama le-alloy lichaza usapho lokuqamba; ukuthotyelwa kuxhomekeke kwimeko, ukuhlolwa, kunye namaxwebhu. Umbuzo ochanekileyo: "Loluphi uhlaziyo lwe-AMS 5387 esiya kuchazwa sisiqinisekiso, kwaye loluphi uvavanyo olubandakanya ixabiso lakho?"
"I-Cobalt 6B yinguqulo enzima ye-6." Luphawu olwahlukileyo olunefomu yemveliso eyahlukileyo kunye nenqanaba lekhabhoni, elingatshintshiyo ne-as-cast Cobalt 6 phantsi kwe-AMS 5387. Umbuzo ochanekileyo: "Umzobo wethu uthi Cobalt 6, AMS 5387 - nceda uqinisekise ukuba ucaphula i-alloy ye-cast, hayi ibha ye-6B."
"Ziqinisekisiwe i-ISO 9001, ngoko ke imathiriyeli ilungile." Isatifikethi senkqubo yomgangatho sithi inkqubo ilawulwa; ayithethi nto malunga nokuthotyelwa kwesi sixa kolu nkcukacha. Umbuzo ochanekileyo: "Ngaba ungathumela ingxelo yovavanyo ehlaziyiweyo yomzekelo wale ngxubevange, ukuze sibone ifomathi phambi kokuba si-odole?"
"Bayenze le nxalenye ngaphambili, ke lo myalelo unokutsiba ukuhlolwa." Uhlaziyo lutshintsha umda wokuhlola, kwaye ubushushu bonke buyinto entsha yezinto. Umbuzo ochanekileyo: "Ngaba kukho into etshintshileyo ukusukela kwiqashiso lokugqibela - uhlaziyo olukhankanyiweyo, isiseko, okanye indawo yokuhlola?"
Ngaba iCobalt 6 iyafana neStellite 6?
Kwindlela yokuthenga babhekisela kwintsapho efanayo ye-alloy. I-Stellite ligama lezorhwebo, i-Cobalt 6 ligama eliqhelekileyo kwimizi-mveliso, kwaye i-UNS R30006 kusetyenziswa iilabhoratri zesalathiso. Akukho nanye kwezi zintathu ikuxelela ukuba yeyiphi imigaqo yolwamkelo esebenzayo kwi-casting yakho.
Loluphi uhlaziyo lwe-AMS 5387 ekufuneka umzobo ulucaphule?
Uhlaziyo lwangoku ngu-F, lomhla ngoFebruwari 2022. Yichaze ngokucacileyo. Ukuba umzobo wakho ucaphula uhlaziyo oludala, iinkcukacha zivumela ukusetyenziswa kohlaziyo lwangaphambili phantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo - kodwa qinisekisa ngokubhaliweyo ukuba wena kunye nomthengisi nisebenza kuxwebhu olufanayo.
Ngaba iinxalenye ze-AMS 5387 zinokubonelelwa ngendlela esebenzayo?
Inkcazo ibandakanya ukufakwa kotyalo-mali kwimeko ye-as-cast, ngoko ke icandelo eligqityiweyo okanye le-bar-stock alikwazi ukuqinisekiswa kuyo. Ukwakhiwa okufanayo kwifom eyenziweyo ilawulwa luxwebhu olwahlukileyo; inombolo yenkcazo kumzobo kufuneka ihambelane nefom yemveliso oyithengayo.
Ngaba yonke iodolo ifuna ukuhlolwa ngeradiographic?
Kuphela ukuba iodolo yakho iyayifuna — nto leyo kanye ekufuneka ilungiswe kwiRFQ. Uhlaziyo F longeze iimfuno zomgangatho weradiographic, ngoko ke ucaphulo olungabandakanyiyo okanye olungabandakanyi iradiography aluphelelanga kunexabiso eliphantsi.
Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokubamba i-mixed lot?
I-PMI isampula kwirisithi kwaye uyitshatise ngokuchasene nokuchongwa kobushushu kwingxelo yovavanyo. Kuthatha imizuzu kwaye kubambe ukusilela okwenzeka ngokwenene: i-alloy engalunganga, ibhalwe ngokuchanekileyo njengenye into.
Thumela umzobo, kwaye uchaze izinto ezintathu: i-alloy, inkcazo kunye nohlaziyo lwayo, kunye nokuba ufuna ukuvunywa kwenkqubo yokuphosa kunye neradiography. Sivelisa iinxalenye zokunxiba ze-cobalt-base-investment kunye oomatshini bokuzoba. Siza kubuyela kwinto enokuphoswa njengoko izotyiwe, apho isibonelelo somatshini sifuna ukulungiswa, kwaye ngawaphi amanyathelo okuhlola akwixabiso kunokuba abe kwimpikiswano kamva. Ukuba umzobo wakho ucaphula uhlaziyo oludala, yitsho njalo-leyo yincoko yemizuzu emihlanu ngoku kwaye iyabiza emva kwenqaku lokuqala.