Igishushanyo kigwa kumeza yumuguzi ufite umurongo umwe wibyanditswe: "ICYICARO, Cobalt 6, kuri AMS 5387." Amagambo atatu aragaruka. Imwe igiciro nkigicuruzwa kitagira umwanda, kimwe cyikubye kabiri, naho icya gatatu gitanga "Stellite 6, ikintu kimwe" mubyumweru bine aho kuba icumi. Itandukaniro ni gake cyane gutunganya. Ni bangahe muri AMS 5387 buri duka rifite intego yo guhaza - iryo vugurura ririmo gukora, niba kwemeza uburyo bwo gutoranya hamwe na radiografiya byicara imbere yigiciro, kandi niba raporo yikizamini cyibikoresho ishobora gukurikiranwa nubushyuhe bwihariye bwahantu runaka.
Kubice bya cobalt 6, ibyo bibazo bitatu byerekana niba intebe yatanzwe ihuye kandi ikomeza, cyangwa niba ije ifite impapuro zidahaza umuntu. Iyi ngingo itandukanya indimi eshatu zivanze kurutonde rwubuguzi - izina rya alloy, ibisobanuro bifatika, hamwe namabwiriza - kandi bigahindura buri kintu mubintu bitanga amasoko kandi ubuziranenge bushobora kugenzura mbere yuko PO isinywa.
Ibyo Cobalt 6 na AMS 5387 Mubyukuri Niki - Izina rya Alloy vs Ibikoresho byihariye
Cobalt 6 nizina rivanze. AMS 5387 nigikoresho gifatika gikubiyemo ishoramari ryuzuye rya cobalt-base yivanze hamwe nizina rya 60Co-29Cr-4.5W, ryatanzwe nkabakinnyi, ibihimbano bisa na UNS R30006. Igisubizo cya mbere "ni ibihe bikoresho iki gice kigizwe." Igisubizo cya kabiri "ukurikije amategeko aya mategeko yemewe."
Itandukaniro rifite akamaro kuko AMS 5387 ntabwo aricyiciro cya mbere uzamura. Ni urutonde rwamategeko yo kwemererwa: imipaka yimiterere nuburyo igeragezwa, imiterere yatanzwe, ubukana nishingiro ryayo, ubugenzuzi budasenya, hamwe namakuru atumiza umuguzi ateganijwe kuvuga. Kubahiriza rero ntabwo ari ibintu bifatika utanga "afite" - ni ikirego kijyanye na tombora runaka, yageragejwe muburyo bwihariye, kugirango isubirwemo.
| Icyo inyandiko ivuga | Icyo ishyiraho | Amasoko agomba kwibaza |
| Cobalt 6 / Icyogajuru 6 | Umuryango wavanze hamwe nizina ryizina | Nibihe bisobanuro bigenga kwemererwa gukina? |
| UNS R30006 | Ibihimbano byambukiranya | Raporo ivuga nimero ya UNS hamwe nibisobanuro? |
| AMS 5387 | Amategeko yo kwemererwa nkabashoramari bashoramari | Ni irihe vugurura, kandi cote ikubiyemo ibizamini byayo? |
| “Kuri AMS 5387”, nta gusubiramo | Nta kintu na kimwe gisobanutse neza | Shira ivugurura ku gishushanyo na PO |
Ingingo yo gusubiramo niyo yatakaye cyane. AMS 5387 kuri ubu iri kuri Revision F, yo muri Gashyantare 2022, isimbuye Isubiramo E ryo mu Kuboza 2015; inyandiko yabayeho kuva 1955. Isubiramo F ryashimangiye ikadiri muburyo butandukanye bufatika: ibitemewe bitemewe birabujijwe, ibizamini byo guhimba byaravuguruwe, ibisabwa byabashitsi byavanyweho kuko bitakurikijwe, ibisabwa byo guhindura imiterere ya radiyo byongeweho, ibyemezo byuburyo bwa radiyo byongeweho, kwemeza uburyo bwo gutora byahindutse amahitamo umuguzi ashobora gusaba, hongerwaho ibisabwa mbere yigihugu.
Ingaruka ziroroshye, kandi zikwiye kubivuga mu buryo bweruye: abatanga isoko bombi bashobora kwandika "AMS 5387" kuri cote kandi bagakora amategeko atandukanye, hamwe nubugenzuzi butandukanye hamwe ninyandiko zitandukanye. Niba igishushanyo warazwe kivuga ibyasubiwemo kera, cyangwa bitavuze, bikemure mu nyandiko mbere yo kugena ibiciro - ntabwo ari ku ngingo ya mbere.
Imvange imwe, Amazina atatu ku Gushushanya
Ibikoresho bimwe bigaragara munsi yikirango, kandi abaguzi rimwe na rimwe babisoma nkibikoresho bitandukanye. Cobalt 6 ni izina risanzwe mu kugura inganda; Stellite 6 nizina ryubucuruzi abajenjeri benshi bazi; UNS R30006 ni nimero yerekana ituma laboratoire igenzura vuba. Umurongo utanga urutonde rwanditseho "6 cobalt alloy part" hamwe nigishushanyo cyanditseho "AMS 5387" gishobora gusobanura neza ikintu kimwe - ikirango urimo usoma ntabwo aribintu bya kabiri.
Hariho ikirango cya kane cyo kwitonda neza: Cobalt 6B. Nibisobanuro bitandukanye mumuryango umwe, mubisanzwe bifitanye isano nuburyo butandukanye bwibicuruzwa nurwego rwa karubone rutandukanye, kandi ntibishobora guhinduka hamwe na Cobalt 6-munsi ya AMS 5387. Niba umubare wawe wigice ari cobalt 6b igice, ibisobanuro bikurikizwa nibisobanuro byatanzwe, hamwe no gushushanya, PO, na raporo y'ibizamini byose bigomba kumvikana kubyo ugura.
Urundi rubibi: AMS 5387 ikubiyemo casting. Umuguzi ushakira akabari cyangwa ibikoresho byakozwe biri mu nyandiko itandukanye, kabone niyo izina ryivanze kuri requisition risa kimwe. AMS 5387 ibice byingenzi, mubisobanuro, ibice.
Icyo AMS 5387 isaba gutumiza-Wax ishoramari ryatumijwe
Ibisobanuro ni inyandiko-shingiro, ariko ibisabwa byayo bigura kubaguzi nkigiciro, igihe cyo kuyobora, nimpapuro. Ibice bitatu bigira uruhare runini mu cyuho kiri hagati yamagambo make n'ayirwanaho.
Urwego rugizwe na Carbide Igenzura
Guhuza ibihimbano nibibazo bya laboratoire, ntabwo interuro iri kumpamyabumenyi. Ibisobanuro byerekana urutonde rwibintu byingenzi nimbibi kubisigisigi, kandi bisobanura uburyo icyitegererezo cyafashwe kandi kigeragezwa. Raporo yerekana gusa "Co balance, Cr, W" - idafite agaciro ka karubone, uburyo bwo gupima, hamwe no kumenya ubushyuhe - ntabwo isubiza ikibazo igipimo kibaza.
Icyangombwa mugice cyo kwambara kirenze urwego. Muri uyu muryango wavanze, kwambara birwanya biva muri chromium- na tungsten ikungahaye kuri karbide zakozwe mugihe cyo gukomera kandi bigakwirakwizwa muri materix ikungahaye kuri cobalt. Ibirimo bya karubone mubice byemewe, hamwe na chromium na tungsten, bigena ingano ya karbide; igipimo cyo gukonjesha binyuze mubibumbano - imikorere yubugari bwigice no gutambuka - byerekana niba iyo karbide ari nziza kandi iringaniye cyangwa iringaniye kandi ikomeza.
Ibyo bifite ingaruka zamasoko ataziguye. Igice kiremereye cyo gukonjesha gikonjesha buhoro kandi gishobora guteza imbere urusobe ruto, hafi-rukomeza-urusobe rwa karbide: bikosowe neza, bigoye kumashini, kandi ntibishobora kwihanganira ingaruka. Igice gito cyane gikonjesha vuba kandi gitanga neza. Ibice bibiri biva mubushyuhe bumwe, byombi "AMS 5387", birashobora rero kwitwara ukundi mumaso ya kashe. Niba igice cyawe gishingiye ku kwambara kwambaye hejuru yubutaka runaka, baza ibishingwe uburyo bigenzura gukomera muri kiriya gice - ntabwo ari uburyo bugenzura chimie gusa.
Ibintu bibiri hano bikeneye kwemezwa ninyandiko yaguzwe mbere yuko igishusho icyo ari cyo cyose kigaragara mu nyandiko zawe: imipaka nyayo igizwe, kandi niba imiterere ya microstructural cyangwa karbide iranga ibintu byemewe n'amategeko aho kuba imyitozo myiza. Kugeza byemejwe, fata numero iyo ari yo yose yavuzwe nuwabitanze nkibisabwa.
Ibisabwa byo kuvura no gushyushya
AMS 5387 itangwa uko imeze ni nkuwayitanze, umuguzi rero avuye kugura ibyuma ntagomba gutekereza ko intambwe yo kuvura ubushyuhe ari igice cyinzira. Gutunganya amashyuza ayo ari yo yose arenze ibyateganijwe ni ugutandukana kugirango byumvikane mu nyandiko, ntabwo ari intambwe isanzwe iduka ryongeraho kugirango ryorohereze.
Ibintu bitatu byo gutwara ibinyabiziga byakwirakwijwe kurusha ibindi.
Icyemezo cyo gutora. Munsi yo gusubiramo F ubu ni amahitamo umuguzi ashobora gusaba. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, uruganda rutanga inzira yarwo - imiterere n'ibishashara, sisitemu y'ibishishwa, gushonga no gusuka imyitozo, amarembo - kugirango yemererwe mbere yo gukora ibicuruzwa. Yongera umwanya imbere ya gahunda kandi igabanya amahirwe yuko ingingo yambere ari scrap. Mubisanzwe birakwiriye gusaba umubare mushya wigice, igice gifite kashe ikomeye cyangwa itembera hejuru, cyangwa igice cyananiranye gihenze kuvumbura epfo. Mubisanzwe ntibikwiye gusaba itegeko risubiramo hamwe namateka yanditse.
Igenzura rya radiografiya. Isubiramo F yongeyeho ubuziranenge bwa radiografiya. Niba amagambo acecetse kuri radiografiya, baza mu buryo butaziguye niba harimo, uturere dusuzumwa, hamwe n’ifatizo ryemewe ryemewe. Iki nigiciro nyacyo nuyobora-igihe, hamwe na cote isiba bucece ntabwo igereranywa nimwe irimo.
Gukomera. Gukomera birasobanuwe, bipimwa, kandi bihindurwa hakurikijwe amategeko F ivugurura. Abatanga ibicuruzwa bakunze kuvuga igishushanyo mumatsinda ya HRC 40 kubikoresho byo muri uyu muryango; fata umubare nkikirego kidashobora kwemezwa kugeza raporo yikizamini igihuza nubushyuhe hamwe ningingo yo gukomera. Agaciro gakomeye nta shingiro gahinduka kandi nta sample iranga ntabwo ari ibimenyetso.
Hariho impamvu yimiterere cobalt yatanzwe, nayo: igiciro cyibikoresho hamwe no kwiyumvisha ibintu. Cobalt-base alloy ihenze kuri kilo, kandi kwanga gukina bitwara icyo giciro hiyongereyeho igihe cyo gutunganya. Amaduka yataye aya mavuta mbere yuko ibiciro byangirika neza; iduka ridafite ibiciro neza.
Inyandiko zo Gusaba Hamwe na Teka
Baza inyandiko yinyandiko murwego rwa RFQ, ntabwo ari kubitanga. Utanga isoko udashobora kuvuga kuri cote inyandiko zizajyana na tombora arakubwira ikintu cyingirakamaro kubyerekeranye.
| Inyandiko | Yatanzwe na | Ibyo bihamya | Ingaruka niba zabuze |
| Raporo y'ibizamini by'ibikoresho (chimie, ubukana, ubushyuhe / indangamuntu) | Uruganda cyangwa laboratoire | Ubufindo buhuye nibisobanuro, nubufindo | Nta shingiro kubisabwa nyuma |
| Icyemezo cyo guhuza cyerekana ivugurura | Utanga isoko | Ni irihe tegeko ryashyizweho | “AMS 5387” idafite verisiyo, nta kwitabaza |
| Gutanga uburyo bwo kwemeza inyandiko | Uruganda, rwemejwe nabaguzi | Inzira yakosowe mbere yumusaruro | Ingingo ya mbere ihinduka ikigeragezo |
| Raporo ya radiografiya | Laboratoire cyangwa iyindi-laboratwari | Imbere yimbere mubice byasuzumwe | Abakinnyi batavuga rumwe nta nyandiko basangiye |
| Kugenzura ingingo ya mbere na raporo y'ibipimo | Utanga isoko | Geometrie ihuye nigishushanyo, harimo amafaranga yemeye | Ibibazo bikwiye biboneka mu nteko |
| Inkomoko y'inkomoko, aho bikenewe | Utanga isoko | Gutegeka ibisabwa byujujwe | Gasutamo cyangwa amasezerano kutubahiriza |
Amategeko ngengamikorere ya RFQ: bisaba mu nyandiko ko raporo yikizamini igaragaza ubushyuhe na casting, kandi ko icyemezo kivuga ubugororangingo. Izo nteruro zombi zikuraho byinshi bidasobanutse bigaragara nyuma.
Aho Cobalt Ibice 6 Byakoreshejwe - Intebe za Valve, Amaboko ya pompe, Nozzles na Bushings
Ibi bice bisangiye umwirondoro wakazi: serivisi ishyushye cyangwa itesha agaciro, hejuru yimyenda igoye kuyisimbuza, na geometrie itoroshye kubyara ubundi buryo ubwo aribwo bwose.
| Igice | Uburyo bwo kwambara bwiganje | Impamvu igice cobalt-shingiro gikwiranye |
| Intebe | Ingaruka zisubiramo wongeyeho kunyerera, akenshi birashyushye | Igumana ubukana ku bushyuhe; gufunga geometrie birashobora gutabwa hafi bikarangirira ahantu |
| Amapompe | Gukuramo ibibyimba bitemba, wongeyeho ruswa | Kwambara imyenda imwe kurukuta, ntabwo biri hejuru gusa |
| Nozzle | Umuvuduko mwinshi, uduce duto duto | Inzira yimbere yimbere itera gusa mubukungu |
| Bushing | Buhoro buhoro kuzunguruka munsi yumutwaro, ibyago byo guhungabana | Matrix ya Cobalt irwanya icyuma-cyuma cyiza kuruta ibyuma byinshi |
Inzira zindi zisobanura guhitamo kubitandukanye. Weld overlay ishyira urwego rukomeye kurwego ruhendutse: igiciro gito cyibikoresho, ariko kugabanuka kumurongo, kugabanya ingaruka, hamwe na geometrie - ntushobora gutwikira umwobo w'imbere udashobora kugera. Carbide ya Tungsten irakomeye ariko iravunika, yitwara nabi mugihe cyatewe no gusiganwa ku magare, kandi ikenera gusya diyama. Ipitingi ntoya yananiwe kumpera no kumurongo uhuza abrasion itangiye. Imashini iva mukibari cyumuryango wa 6B irinda gutera ubwoba ariko ikakubuza geometrie yoroshye hamwe nigiciro gitandukanye.
Niyo mpamvu, iyo igishushanyo gisaba igice cya AMS 5387, icyo geometrie ikunze kuba irimo intebe, bore, cyangwa inzira itemba ibigega bidashobora gutanga. Gukina ntabwo bisimbuye bihendutse kumpapuro zakozwe - niyo nzira yonyine igana kumiterere.
Kugura Urutonde - Kuva Mubyemezo Byibikoresho Kugenzura Ibipimo
Igice cya cobalt 6 kinyura kuri bariyeri enye. Buriwese afite ibikorwa kimwe cyangwa bibiri bikumira mubyukuri ibibazo; ahasigaye ni isuku yimpapuro.
1. Kuri RFQ
- Vuga izina rya alloy, numero yerekana, isubiramo, hamwe nuburyo bwatanzwe kumurongo umwe.
- Vuga mu buryo bweruye niba ibisabwa byo gutora bisabwa kandi niba radiyo isabwa - cyangwa vuga ko atari byo.
- Baza niba raporo yikizamini izagaragaza ubushyuhe hamwe na casting. "Yego" ni ikizamini ntarengwa cyumuntu utanga isoko, kandi igisubizo kigena niba aya magambo ashobora kugereranwa nayandi akurikira.
2. Ku ngingo ya mbere
- Soma raporo yikizamini irwanya ivugurura ryavuzwe, ntabwo urwanya izina rya alloy. Emeza karubone ivugwa kandi icyitegererezo gihujwe na tombora.
- Reba agaciro gakomeye nifatiro ryo guhinduka ryakoreshejwe.
- Reba raporo yikigereranyo irwanya igishushanyo, harimo amafaranga yemewe yo gutunganya kumashanyarazi yarangiye nyuma yo gutara.
3. Mu igenzura ryinjira
- Koresha PMI kurugero. Kumenyekanisha ibintu byiza nuburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda ibintu bivanze, kubera ko kunanirwa bibaho mubyukuri ni uruganda rwa cobalt rwasutswe mu gushonga nabi, cyangwa igice cya cobalt cyahinduwe na nikel-shingiro - ntabwo ari ikibazo cya metallurgjique.
- Menya imipaka ya PMI: abasesengura intoki batandukanya byimazeyo imiryango ivanze, bitarenze ibintu byoroheje kandi bitandukanye nibitandukaniro. Koresha PMI kugirango ukureho ibintu bitari byo, ntabwo wemeza ibisobanuro.
- Fata ibisubizo bya PMI hamwe nibisobanuro byinshi. Gusoma byafashwe amajwi nibyo bihindura amakimbirane nyuma mubyukuri.
- Emeza inyandiko yuzuye yuzuye kumeza hejuru mbere yuko ubufindo bwinjira mububiko.
4. Mbere yo guterana
- Kugenzura ikidodo hamwe nuburinganire hejuru yuburinganire na geometrike - intebe-yimbere imbere yo kwihanganira izina ariko biturutse kumurongo.
- Emera hakiri kare, mu nyandiko, ibipimo byo kwemererwa gukundwa no kwishyira hamwe muri zone ikomeye. Urebye abakinnyi bakina amashusho ku ntebe, nta ngingo zumvikanyweho, bitanga amakimbirane.
Niba utanga isoko ashobora gutanga inyandiko imwe gusa, fata raporo yikizamini gikurikirana ubushyuhe. Irashimangira izindi manza zose, zirimo niba igishushanyo gikomeye, icyemezo, na raporo ya radiografiya isobanura abakinnyi bamwe ufite.
Ibitekerezo Bikunze kubaho - Ikirango "Cobalt-ishingiye" Ntabwo AMS 5387 Yubahiriza
“Guhagarika ibikoresho bivuga Cobalt 6, bityo ihura na AMS 5387.” Izina rya alloy risobanura umuryango uhimbye; kubahiriza biterwa na condition, ubugenzuzi, hamwe ninyandiko. Ikibazo gikwiye: “Ni irihe vugurura rya AMS 5387 icyemezo kizatanga, kandi ni ibihe bizamini igiciro cyawe kirimo?”
“Cobalt 6B ni verisiyo igoye ya 6.” Ni izina ryihariye rifite uburyo butandukanye bwibicuruzwa nu rwego rwa karubone, ntirishobora guhinduranya na Cobalt 6 munsi ya AMS 5387. Ikibazo gikwiye: "Igishushanyo cyacu kivuga Cobalt 6, AMS 5387 - nyamuneka wemeze ko usubiramo ibivanze, ntabwo ari 6B."
Ati: "Bahawe ISO 9001, bityo ibikoresho ni byiza." Icyemezo cyiza-sisitemu kivuga ko inzira igenzurwa; ntacyo ivuga kubijyanye no guhuza iyi tombora kuriyi ngingo. Ikibazo gikwiye: “Urashobora kohereza raporo yikizamini cyahinduwe kuri iyi mavuta, kugirango tubone imiterere mbere yuko dutumiza?”
Ati: “Bakoze iki gice mbere, bityo iri teka rishobora gusiba ubugenzuzi.” Ivugurura rihindura igipimo cyo kugenzura, kandi ubushyuhe bwose nibintu bishya bifatika. Ikibazo gikwiye: “Hoba hari icyahindutse kuva ubufindo bwa nyuma - ivugurura ryatanzwe, uruganda, cyangwa igipimo cyagenzuwe?”
Ibibazo
Cobalt 6 irasa na Satelite 6?
Mu myitozo yo kugura bavuga umuryango umwe wa alloy. Icyogajuru ni izina ryubucuruzi, Cobalt 6 nizina risanzwe ryinganda, naho UNS R30006 ni laboratoire ikoreshwa. Nta numwe muri batatu akubwira amategeko yo kwemerera akoreshwa muri casting yawe.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwa AMS 5387 bugomba gushushanya?
Isubiramo ryubu ni F, ryo muri Gashyantare 2022. Vuga neza. Niba igishushanyo cyawe kivuga ibyasubiwemo kera, ibisobanuro byemerera gukoresha ibyasubiwemo mbere mubihe byavuzwe - ariko wemeze mu nyandiko ko wowe nuwabitanze mukorera inyandiko imwe.
Ese AMS 5387 ibice bishobora gutangwa muburyo bwakozwe?
Ibisobanuro bikubiyemo gushora imari muburyo bwo guterana, bityo ibice byakozwe cyangwa ibibari ntibishobora kubyemezwa. Ibigize bisa muburyo bwubatswe bigengwa ninyandiko zitandukanye; nimero yerekana ku gishushanyo igomba guhuza ifomu y'ibicuruzwa ugura.
Buri cyegeranyo gikeneye ubugenzuzi bwa radiyo?
Gusa niba ibyo wategetse bigusaba - nibyo rwose bigomba gukemurwa kuri RFQ. Isubiramo F yongeyeho ubuziranenge bwa radiografiya, so cote itarimo cyangwa ikuyemo radiografiya ntabwo yuzuye aho kuba ihendutse.
Nubuhe buryo bwihuse bwo gufata byinshi bivanze?
PMI icyitegererezo ku nyemezabuguzi no kuyihuza no kumenya ubushyuhe kuri raporo y'ibizamini. Bifata iminota kandi bigafata kunanirwa bibaho mubyukuri: ibivanze nabi, byanditse neza nkikindi kintu.
Gutegeka Cobalt 6 Abakinnyi
Ohereza igishushanyo, hanyuma uvuge ibintu bitatu: ibivanze, ibisobanuro hamwe nibisubirwamo, kandi niba ukeneye ibyemezo bya casting byemewe na radiografiya. Dutanga ishoramari cast cobalt-base yambara ibice kandi kubashushanya. Tuzagaruka kubishobora guterwa nkuko byashushanijwe, aho amafaranga yo gutunganya akeneye guhinduka, nintambwe yo kugenzura iri mubiciro aho kuba impaka nyuma. Niba igishushanyo cyawe kivuga ibyasubiwemo kera, vuga utyo - icyo nikiganiro cyiminota itanu nonaha kandi gihenze nyuma yingingo ya mbere.
