Isihlalo sevalve kunye neseyile yesihlalo zizinto ezingundoqo zokutywinwa kweevalvu zokutshekisha kunye neevalvu zokulawula ishishini. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezingafanelekanga kubangela ukuguguleka kwangaphambi kwexesha, umonakalo we-cavitation, i-metal galling kunye nokuvuza kwangaphakathi okuqhubekayo, okubangela ukuchithwa kombhobho ongacwangciswanga kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokugcina. Esi sikhokelo sigubungela isakhiwo sesihlalo sevalve, iindlela zokungaphumeleli eziqhelekileyo, ukuthelekiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo phakathi kwensimbi engenasici kunye ne-Stellite alloys, imigangatho yokuphosa utyalo-mali kunye neemfuno ze-machining yomhlaba, iinjineli ezincedisayo kunye namaqela okuthengwa kwempahla ukukhetha isihlalo sevalve esifanelekileyo, isihlalo sokuhlala kunye nokufakwa kwevalve ye-oyile & negesi, imichiza kunye nenkonzo yomphunga.
1. Isishwankathelo seSitulo seValve kunye neseyile yeSitulo kwiiValufa zokuHlola
1.1 Ingcaciso kunye neeyantlukwano kwiZakhiwo
Eli candelo liphendula: Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwesitulo sevalve, iringi yesitulo kunye nokufakwa kwevalvu? La malungu adlala yiphi indima ekutywineni ivalvu yetshekhi?
- Isihlalo sevalve: Isiseko sokutywina esisisigxina esidityanisiweyo okanye esicinezelwe kumzimba wevalve, eyenza uqhagamshelwano oluphambili lokutywinwa kunye nediski ye-valve okanye ibhola.
- Umsesane wesitulo (jonga iringi yevalvu): Isifakelo esinokutshintshwa esimile okwesangqa esifakwe kwibhore yesitulo; isebenza njengendawo yokutywina yombingelelo ukukhusela umzimba wevalvu ekugugeni.
- Faka ivalvu: Ibhendi yokutywina emxinwa eyenziwe ngomsesane wesihlalo, idla ngokuqina nge-Stellite alloy yenkonzo eqatha.
Swing check valves kwaye uphakamise iivalve zokujonga amkele izakhiwo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo. Iivalvu zetshekhi zokuphakamisa zibandakanya ibhendi yesitulo esimcaba, esimxinwa, ngelixa iivalvu zokujonga ujingi zisebenzisa ubuso besitulo obunearc. Yonke imisebenzi yokutywinwa kwesinyithi ukuya kwintsimbi ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuchaneka komatshini kula macandelo mathathu.
1.2 Iziphumo zokuSilela kweZitulo
Nje ukuba indawo yokutywina yesitulo yonakaliswe, ivalve ayinakuvimba ukubuya umva ngokufanelekileyo. Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukuvuza okuphakathi okuqhubekayo, ilahleko yoxinzelelo oluthe ngcembe, kunye nokutshintshwa kwevalvu epheleleyo kwiinyanga endaweni yeminyaka.
2. Iindlela zokuFayili eziqhelekileyo zeSitulo seValve kunye neSitulo seSitulo
Eli candelo lichaza kuphela iindlela zokungaphumeleli ngaphandle kokwazisa izisombululo zezinto eziphathekayo.
Ulwelo olukwisantya esiphezulu oluthwele amasuntswana aqinileyo lusika imijelo engqamene ebusweni bokutywina. Esi siganeko saziwa ngokuba ngumzobo wocingo, kwaye sihlala sisenzeka kumphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nemibhobho eludaka. Amasuntswana aqinileyo aqinileyo avelisa ukunxitywa kwempembelelo ye-abrasive, ngokuthe ngcembe asuse izinto ezivela kwindawo yokuhlala.
2.2 Ukonakaliswa kweCavitation (Ukudanyaza kunye neBubble Collapse)
Xa uxinzelelo lolwelo lwehla ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lomphunga, ulwelo ludanyaza kumaqamza omphunga. La maqamza adilika ngamandla xa uxinzelelo luphinda lubuyela, evelisa amaza oxinzelelo aphezulu asekuhlaleni adala umonakalo wemingxuma kumphezulu wesitulo sentsimbi. I-Cavitation ixhaphake kwii-valve zokulawula i-throttling kunye ne-high differential different valves check valves.
2.3 IGalling & I-Adhesive Wear kwiMetal yokutywina imiphezulu
Xa iindawo ezimbini zetsimbi ezingenanto zivula ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye zivale phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-welding ebandayo iyenzeka phakathi kwamanqaku oqhagamshelwano. Izinto eziphathekayo zikrazula kumphezulu omnye kwaye zinamathele ebusweni bokukhwelana, zenze umonakalo osisigxina wokubamba. Izibini zentsimbi ezingenasici zithandeka kakhulu kwigalling ngaphandle konyango oluqinileyo.
3. Izinto eziphambili zeMetal zokuHlola iSitulo seValve kunye neSitulo seSitulo
3.1 316L iStainless Steel (CF3M/F316L) – iNkonzo yokuTyakala Jikelele
- Ukuqina: Ngokumalunga ne-25 HRC kwimeko yokufakwa.
- Iinzuzo: Ukuchasana okugqwesileyo kwi-corrosion jikelele kunye ne-chloride corrosion; ixabiso eliphantsi; kulula utyalo-mali kunye nokwenza machining.
- Unyino: Ukumelana nokunxiba kakubi; ayikwazi ukumelana nokukhukuliseka, i-cavitation okanye i-galling phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu.
- Inkonzo efanelekileyo: Amanzi acocekileyo, ulwelo oluthambileyo olunoburharha, imibhobho yomoya yoxinzelelo oluphantsi engenamasuntswana aqinileyo.
3.2 420 iMartensitic Stainless Steel – iNkonzo yokuGxila ePhakathi
- Ubunzima: 38-42 HRC emva kokucima kunye nokufudumala.
- Izinto eziluncedo: Ubunzima obuphezulu kune-316L; ukusebenza ngcono anti-ukunxiba; efikelelekayo kwinkonzo yomsebenzi ophakathi.
- Imida: Ukuchasana kwe-cavitation encinci; isetyekele ekubeni nenyongo xa idityaniswe nobunye ubuso bentsimbi engatyiwayo engama-420.
- Inkonzo efanelekileyo: I-low-pressure non-abrasive liquid, i-low-cycle on-off check valves.
3.3 I-Stellite Alloys (Stellite 6 / Stellite 12) – Ukhukuliseko olumandla kunye neNkonzo yeCavitation
I-Stellite yi-cobalt-chromium-tungsten alloy isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengokwaleka okuqinileyo kwizitulo zentsimbi engenasici.
I-Stellite 6 (iBanga loMgangatho weShishini)
- Ubunzima: 36-45 HRC emva kokugqithisa i-welding.
- Ukusebenza okuphambili: Ukuchasana okugqwesileyo kwi-cavitation, ukhukuliseko kunye nentsimbi yentsimbi; igcina obona bunzima ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500°C kwinkonzo yomphunga wobushushu obuphezulu.
- Isicelo: Umphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-slurry ephakathi, i-high-cycle modulating valves check valves kunye neevalvu zokulawula.
I-Stellite 12 (iBanga eliPhezulu lokunxiba)
| Izinto eziphathekayo | Ukuqina (HRC) | Ubushushu beNkonzo eQhubekekayo | Engcono Kwi |
| 316L iNtsimbi eNgatyiwayo | ~25 | Ukuya kuthi ga kuma-870°C | Umhlwa ophakathi, indawo ecocekileyo |
| 420 iNtsimbi eNgatyiwayo | 38–42 | Ukuya kuthi ga kuma-450°C | Ukunxiba okuphakathi, uxinzelelo oluphantsi |
| Stellite 6 Hardfacing | 36–45 | Ukuya kuthi ga kuma-500°C | Umphunga, i-cavitation, i-anti-galling service |
| Stellite 12 Hardfacing | 45–53 | Ukuya kuthi ga kuma-500°C | Ukhukuliseko oluqatha lwamasuntswana |
4. IiMveliso eziphambili kunye neeMfuno zoMatshini
4.1 Amanqaku oTyalo-mali aPhambili kuFakelo lweZitulo zeValve
Uninzi lwamakhonkco ezihlalo zevalve kunye nokufakwa ziveliswa nge i-silica sol investment casting, ngakumbi i-316L kunye ne-Stellite alloy components.
- Lawula ukushwabana kwe-porosity kunye nokukrazuka okushushu kufutshane nebhendi yokutywina ngokulungisa i-gating kunye noyilo lwengqele; kuphephe ukuphosa iziphene kwindawo ebalulekileyo yokutywina.
- Susa ngokupheleleyo intsalela yeqokobhe leceramic phambi komatshini; Isanti eshiyekileyo iya kubangela ukunxiba kwangaphambi kwexesha ngexesha lapping.
- Faka ubushushu boxinzelelo loxinzelelo emva kokuphosa ukuthintela ukuguquka komgangatho phantsi kotshintsho lobushushu obujikelezayo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-NDT: Ukuqhuba uvavanyo lwe-penetrant (PT) kunye novavanyo lwe-radiographic (RT) kwiindandatho zokuhlala ezigqityiweyo ukuze zibone ukuncipha kwangaphakathi kunye nokuqhekeka komhlaba.
4.2 UmGangatho woBulukhuni wokutywina imiphezulu
- Izihlalo zentsimbi engatyabekanga kufuneka zihlangabezane nobunzima obukhulu obuchaziweyo; ubuso bediskhi yokukhwelana kufuneka bube nomehluko wobulukhuni ubuncinane be-5 HRC ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-galling.
- I-Stellite hardfacing overlay ubukhulu bulawulwa kwi-2-4 mm emva kokugqiba machining; ukuqina kufuneka kuhlolwe ngokuthe ngqo kwibhendi yokutywina eqinile, kungekhona kwi-substrate yensimbi engenasici.
- Inkonzo yeoli kunye negesi emuncu (i-NACE MR0175): Imida yobunzima iyasebenza ukuphepha ukuqhekeka koxinzelelo lwe-sulfide; I-Stellite 6 ifanelekile kwinkonzo yegesi emuncu kunye nokulawula ubulukhuni obufanelekileyo.
4.3 IiMfuno zokuQeda kunye nokuLapping kwiZitulo zeMetal
Uburhabaxa bomphezulu buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuqina kokutywina kunye nobomi benkonzo.
- Ibhendi yesitulo esenziwa ngoomatshini: iRa 0.8–1.6 μm yeevalvu zetshekhi eziqhelekileyo ezihleli ngentsimbi.
- Ubuso bokutywina obufakwe kwiKlasi ye-V/VI i-zero-leakage shutoff (i-API nganye yokuhlelwa kwevalve yokuvuza): I-Ra 0.2-0.8 μm kunye nokulawulwa okuthe tyaba ngaphakathi kweebhanti ezi-2 zokukhanya (0.0005 mm).
- Kuphephe ukuqhushumba amaso okanye ukuwa emva komatshini wokugqibela; uqhushumbo ludala ukuthungwa komphezulu ongalinganiyo kwaye bufutshane ubomi bezitulo.
- Precision lapping kunyanzelekile ukuba Ibhola yeStellite Valve kunye neSeat mating pairs ukuphumeza uqhagamshelwano olufanayo kububanzi besitulo esigcweleyo.
5. Imigaqo yoKhetho lweMathiriyeli ngokweMiqathango yeNkonzo
Esi sahluko sinikezela ngemithetho yokhetho olusebenzayo ngaphandle kokuphinda idatha epheleleyo yokusebenza kwezinto.
5.1 Coca uKurusa okuPhakathi kunye nokuPhakathi
Phakathi: Amanzi acocekileyo, i-hydrocarbon ecocekileyo yobushushu obuphantsi, igesi yoxinzelelo oluphantsi engenamasuntswana aqinileyo.
Izinto ezicetyiswayo: Isihlalo sevalve yentsimbi eqinile engama-316L kunye neseyile yokuhlala. Akukho mfuneko ye-Stellite hardfacing ukulawula iindleko zokuthenga.
5.2 Umphunga woxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nolwelo olunukayo
Phakathi: Umphunga ogcweleyo kunye nobushushu obukhulu, ulwelo olunezohlwayo ezithambileyo eziqinileyo, isantya sokuhamba okuphezulu.
Izinto ezicetyiswayo: I-316L substrate ene-Stellite 6 i-hardfacing kwi-band yokutywina, ukuxhathisa ukukhukuliseka komzobo wocingo kunye ne-oxidation ephezulu yokushisa.
5.3 Inkonzo yeCavitation & Flashing
Phakathi: Uxinzelelo oluphezulu loxinzelelo oluphezulu, ulwelo oludanyazayo, ukudilika rhoqo kweqamza.
Izinto ezicetyiswayo: I-Stellite 6 ifakwe isihlalo sokwaleka; I-alloy esekwe kwi-cobalt ibonelela ngokumelana okungcono kakhulu kwe-cavitation kune-martensitic stainless steel.
5.4 INkonzo ye-Oli neGesi eSour (NACE MR0175 Restrictions)
Phakathi: I-H₂S-equlathe ubumuncu obukrwada kunye negesi yendalo.
Umgaqo ongundoqo: Lawula ubulukhuni besihlalo esingaphantsi kwe-NACE echazwe kumda ophezulu; I-Stellite 6 i-hardfacing idibana nomgangatho we-NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 wokumelana noxinzelelo lwe-sulfide. Kuphephe ukungalawulwa kobunzima obuphezulu be-weld overlayings.
6. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
6.1 I-Stellite Valve Seat vs 316L: Yeyiphi Enobomi Obude Benkonzo?
Izihlalo ezinobuso obuqinileyo zinikezela ubomi benkonzo obude kakhulu kunezihlalo ezingenanto ze-316L phantsi komphunga, i-cavitation kunye neemeko zokukhukuliseka. Kwinkonzo ecocekileyo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi, i-316L ibonelela ngobomi obaneleyo kunye neendleko eziphantsi zangaphambili.
6.2 Ngaba iStellite Hardfacing ingasetyenziswa kwiNkonzo yeGesi eSour?
Ewe. I-Stellite 6 ihambelana ne-NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 xa ukuqina kwe-weld kulawulwa ngokungqongqo, okwenza kube yinto eqhelekileyo yokulinganisa i-oyile emuncu kunye ne-valve yokuhlola igesi.
6.3 Yintoni uBulukhuni obufunekayo kwi-Check Seat Seat Ring?
- Isihlalo esiqinileyo se-316L: 22-28 HRC (imeko edibeneyo).
- Isihlalo se-420 esingenasici: 38-42 HRC emva kokunyanga ukushisa.
- Isihlalo esine-Stellite 6 esinobuso obunzima: I-36-45 HRC ilinganiswe kwindawo engaphezulu.
7. Isiphelo kunye nesiShwankathelo soKhetho
Umgaqo ongundoqo wesitulo sevalve kunye nokukhethwa kwesixhobo sokuhlala kuhambelana nokusebenza kwealloy kwindlela yokusilela okukhulu:
- Kwimibhobho ecocekileyo, enomhlwa ophantsi: Khetha ivalve yentsimbi eqinileyo engama-316L kunye neringi yesitulo ukonga iindleko.
- Kwi-high-pressure steam, i-particle erosion kunye nenkonzo ye-cavitation: Cacisa I-Stellite 6 inzima kwi-316L substrates.
- Ngenkonzo yerhasi emuncu: Landela i-NACE MR0175 imida yobunzima kwaye ukhethe iStellite overlay efanelekileyo.
- Soloko uqinisekisa umgangatho wokujula, ukugqiba komphezulu kunye nokutywinwa kobuso ngobulukhuni phambi kokwamkelwa.
Xa uvavanya isitulo sevalvu yokujonga isiko, ikhonkco lesihlalo kunye neStellite Valve Ball kunye neSeat assemblies kwiinkqubo zolwelo lwemizi-mveliso, qinisekisa inkqubo yokuphosa, ukucaciswa kobuso obuqinileyo kunye nemigangatho yokunxiba kunye nomthengisi wakho wecandelo ukunqanda ukusilela kokutywinwa kwangaphambi kwexesha.
