N08028 si kalasi yomwe mumatchula mwachisawawa. Kwa mainjiniya ndi magulu ogula zinthu omwe amapeza zida zapadera zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za N08028, kukana kwa dzimbiri kwazinthuzo ndi theka la nkhaniyo. Amakhala m'banja lapamwamba la alloy austenitic, lopangidwira malo omwe 316L angalephereke-concentrated acids, chloride-rich process mitsinje, ndi mpweya wowawasa. Theka lina la nkhaniyi ndi ngati gawolo likhoza kupangidwa kuti lijambule, kutenthedwa bwino, ndikutsimikiziridwa lisanalowe ntchito. Nkhaniyi ikugwirizanitsa kapangidwe kazinthuzo ndi zomwe zili muzinthu zenizeni zopanga ndi kupeza zigawo za N08028.
Kodi N08028 Stainless Steel ndi Chiyani?
N08028 ndi high-aloyi austenitic zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zodziwika ndi UNS nambala N08028 ndi European dzina 1.4563 (X1NiCrMoCu 31-27-4). Amagulitsidwanso pansi pa mayina amalonda kuphatikizapo Sanicro 28, Alloy 28, ndi Incoloy 028. Gululi linapangidwa kuti lizigwiritsidwa ntchito muzofalitsa zowonongeka kwambiri, makamaka phosphoric acid processing, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo yakhazikitsidwa muzitsulo zamagetsi, mafuta ndi gasi, ndi zipangizo zowononga zowonongeka.
Aloyiyi imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa nickel (pafupifupi 31%), chromium yapamwamba (pafupifupi 27%), ndi zowonjezera za molybdenum ndi mkuwa. Kuphatikizika kumeneku kumasiyanitsa ndi magiredi okhazikika a austenitic: si 316L yosinthidwa kapena "super austenitic" m'lingaliro lodziwika bwino, koma kapangidwe kake kamene kamapangidwira kukana ma oxidizing ndi kuchepetsa zidulo, mkuwa umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pantchito ya sulfuric acid.
Pazogula ndi kujambula, zinthuzo ziyenera kudziwika ndi nambala yake ya UNS kapena EN osati mayina amalonda okha. ASTM B668 imakwirira UNS N08028 ndi N08029 chitoliro chopanda msoko ndi chubu cha ntchito zowononga wamba, zomwe zimafunikira njira yothetsera vutoli ndikuwunikira zofunikira za mankhwala, zolimba, komanso zoyeserera za hydrostatic.
Mapangidwe a Chemical ndi Zofunika Kwambiri
Mapangidwe odziwika a N08028 (UNS N08028 / EN 1.4563) ndi pafupifupi: chromium 27%, faifi tambala 31%, molybdenum 3.5%, mkuwa 1.0%, ndi mpweya wocheperako ≤0.020%. Kutsika kwa carbon (ELC grade) kumachepetsa chiwopsezo cha kukhudzidwa panthawi yowotcherera komanso kutentha kwambiri.
Nambala yofananira ndi pitting resistance (PRE) ya N08028 nthawi zambiri imanenedwa ndi osachepera 38, owerengedwa ndi formula yokhazikika PRE = %Cr + 3.3 × %Mo + 16 × %N. Magwero a chipani chachitatu amafotokoza za PRE pamitundu pafupifupi 38-41, kutengera mawonekedwe azinthu komanso mawerengedwe. Izi zimayika N08028 pamwamba pa 316L (PRE nthawi zambiri ~ 25-28) komanso pamakalasi apamwamba kwambiri, ngakhale sizisinthana mwachindunji ndi magiredi apamwamba amolybdenum monga 6Mo alloys.
Makina amakina opangira mankhwala ophatikizika amatsatiridwa pamlingo wocheperako (Rp0.2) wa 220 MPa, kulimba kwamphamvu 550-750 MPa, ndi elongation ≥35%. Kuuma nthawi zambiri kumakhala ≤220 HB. The austenitic microstructure imapereka mphamvu yabwino ngakhale kutentha kwa cryogenic.
Table: Kupanga mwadzina ndi katundu wofunikira wa N08028 (zotengera)
| Parameter | Mtengo |
| Cr / Ni / Mo / Cu | ~ 27% / ~ 31% / ~ 3.5% / ~ 1.0% |
| Mpweya (max) | 0.020% |
| PRE (mtundu wofananira) | ~38–41 (zodalira kuwerengera) |
| Rp0.2 (njira yolumikizira) | ≥220 MPa |
| Rm | 550-750 MPa |
| Elongation | ≥35% |
Zochokera: Alleima database ya Sanicro 28. Makhalidwe ndi mwadzina ndipo akuyenera kutsimikiziridwa motsutsana ndi fomu yachinthu ndi chiphaso cha ogulitsa.
Momwe N08028 imafananizira ndi Zitsulo Zosapanga dzimbiri
Kuyerekeza ndi 304 ndi 316L ndi komwe owerenga ambiri angapange, ndipo kusiyana kwake kuli kokhazikika, osati pang'ono.
| Gulu | Cr | Ndi | Mo | Ku | PRE (chokhazikika) |
| 304 | ~18% | ~8% | — | — | ~ 18-20 |
| 316l ndi | ~16–18% | ~10–14% | ~2–3% | — | ~ 25-28 |
| N08028 | ~27% | ~31% | ~ 3.5% | ~1.0% | ≥38 |
Makhalidwe a PRE ndi milingo yowonetsera yomwe imasiyana malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ndi njira yowerengera.
Nickel zili mu N08028 pafupifupi katatu kapena kanayi kuposa 304 kapena 316L. Izi ndizofunikira pazifukwa ziwiri. Choyamba, nickel yapamwamba imapangitsa kukana kwa chloride stress corrosion cracking, njira yolephera yomwe ingathe kuchitika mu 304 ndi 316L pansi pa kupsinjika kwa nthawi imodzi ndi kuwonetseredwa kwa chloride. Chachiwiri, nickel imakhazikika pamapangidwe a austenitic ndipo imathandizira kulimba.
Miyezo ya chromium ndi molybdenum imapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi ming'alu komwe kumawonetsedwa pamtengo wa PRE. Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za superaustenitic watsimikizira kuti kuchuluka kwa Cr, Mo, ndi N kumathandizira kukana dzimbiri muzofalitsa za chloride, pomwe zowonjezera zamkuwa zimakulitsa kukana kwa sulfuric acid. Ichi ndichifukwa chake N08028 nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa kumadera a phosphoric ndi sulfuric acid komwe 316L ingawononge pamitengo yosavomerezeka.
Kugulitsa ndi mtengo komanso machinability. Zomwe zimapangidwira zomwe zimapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri zimapangitsanso N08028 kukhala yokwera mtengo pa kilogalamu imodzi komanso yofunikira pamakina. Sikuti kukwezedwa kwachindunji kuchokera ku 316L; ndi kusankha kwachindunji kwa malo omwe chiwopsezo cha dzimbiri chimalungamitsa mtengo wamtengo wapatali.
Njira Zopangira Zazigawo Zazitsulo Zachitsulo za N08028
Njira yayikulu yopangira zida zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za N08028 ndi CNC makina kuchokera ku bar stock, hollow bar, kapena billet forged. Zinthuzi zimapezeka munjira yolumikizidwa ngati bar yozungulira, hollow bar, ndi chubu chopanda msoko. Pazigawo zambiri zamakina - ma shafts amapope, zopangira ma valve, zolumikizira, ndi zida za zida - kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ndi: gulani zitsulo zotsekera kapena zotsekera m'mimba mwake momwe zimafunikira, makina oyandikira ukonde kapena mawonekedwe omaliza, ndikutsimikizira kukula kwake ndi momwe zinthu ziliri.
Kupanga kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamipangidwe yayikulu kapena yovuta kwambiri komwe kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zinthu ndi kapangidwe kambewu kamakomera mawonekedwe opangira ma bar. N08028 ikhoza kugwira ntchito yotentha, koma zenera la kutentha ndilocheperapo kuposa magiredi wamba austenitic. Magwero amakampani omwe si aboma akuwonetsa kutentha kwapakati pa 1050-1200 ° C ndikuyimitsa pang'ono kuposa 950 ° C, koma chitsogozochi sichipezeka mu Alleima datasheet yomwe yawunikiridwa m'nkhaniyi ndipo ikuyenera kutsimikiziridwa mwachindunji ndi ogulitsa zinthu zilizonse zopeka.
kuwotcherera ndi zotheka ndipo N08028 akufotokozedwa kuti ali ndi weldability wabwino, koma welded N08028 mbali zimafunikira chidwi ndi chikhalidwe cha post-weld. Alleima amanena kuti mu ntchito yachibadwa kuwotcherera, kutentha athandizira kwa kholo zitsulo kumachitika kwa nthawi yaifupi kwambiri kuposa imeneyi intergranular dzimbiri amakhala chiopsezo, ndi chiopsezo intergranular kuukira pambuyo kuwotcherera ndi kochepa. Komabe, ngati chowotcherera kapena malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutentha akumana ndi ntchito zowononga kwambiri, njira yowotcherera pambuyo pa kuwotcherera imatha kufotokozedwa ndi mainjiniya omwe ali ndiudindo. Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri pazigawo zamakina; kuwotcherera kuyenera kuchitidwa ngati ntchito yapadera yomwe imafuna njira zoyenerera.
Kuganizira Kwamakina a Zida Zapadera Zazitsulo Zapadera za N08028
Machining N08028 imapereka zovuta zapamwamba zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha alloy austenitic: kuuma mwachangu kwa ntchito, kutsika kwamafuta, komanso chizolowezi chotsatira zida zodulira. Mafuta a faifi tambala ndi molybdenum amakulitsa izi poyerekeza ndi 316L.
Kugwira ntchito molimbika ndiye khalidwe lofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera magawo. Chidacho chikasisita m'malo modula - chifukwa chosakwanira chakudya, kupendekera m'mphepete, kapena kuzama kosakwanira kwa chodulidwacho, pamwamba pake chimauma kwambiri. Kudutsa kotsatira kumakumana ndi malo olimba kwambiri, kufulumizitsa kuvala kwa zida ndikukankhira opareshoniyo kuti ifike pamacheza komanso kutsika koyipa. Tanthauzo lothandiza ndiloti njira zamakina "zofatsa" zokhala ndi chakudya chopepuka komanso zodulidwa zazing'ono zimakhala zotsutsana. Chidacho chiyenera kugwirizanitsa zinthu zomwe zili pansi pa malo owumitsidwa kuchokera pa chiphaso chapitacho.
Kuwongolera kutentha ndikofunikira chimodzimodzi. Kutentha kwamafuta a N08028 ndikotsika, kotero kudula kutentha kumakhazikika m'mphepete mwa zida m'malo motaya chogwirira ntchito kapena chip. Upangiri wovomerezeka wa Alleima wa Sanicro 28 umalimbikitsa kuchepetsa liwiro lodulira pafupifupi 50-55% poyerekeza ndi Sanmac 316/316L potembenuka ndi zida zomata ndi simenti ya carbide, pomwe muchepetse chakudya pang'ono komanso mosamala. Apa ndi poyambira zinthu zenizeni, osati mawu omveka a "chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri." Choziziritsa chothamanga kwambiri chomwe chimalunjikitsidwa kumalo odulira chimathandizira kuyendetsa bwino zida. Zida za geometry ndi kusankha kwa kalasi ziyenera kufananizidwa ndi ntchito yeniyeni; wothandizira yemwe ali ndi luso lapamwamba la nickel austenitic alloys adzakhala atakhazikitsa magawo m'malo moyesera ntchito.
Kukhulupirika kwapamwamba kumafunikira chidwi chambiri pazigawo zolimbana ndi dzimbiri. Kupanikizika kotsalira kopangidwa ndi Machining ndi kusintha kwa microstructural kungakhudze kuyambitsa kwa dzimbiri komweko. Ngakhale kuyankha kwatsatanetsatane kwa N08028 kumakina sikunalembedwe m'malo opezeka pagulu kuposa 316L, mfundo yayikulu imagwira ntchito: malo opaka, owumitsidwa pantchito safanana ndi odulidwa bwino pomwe gawolo lidzakumana ndi chemistry yaukali. Pamalo osindikizira ovuta kapena malo onyowa, ntchito yomaliza ndi chida cha chida ziyenera kufotokozedwa ndikutsimikiziridwa.
Kulondola kwa Dimensional, Kulekerera, ndi Kumaliza Kwapamwamba
Kulekerera ndi kutsirizitsa kwapamwamba kwa magawo a N08028 kuyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi ntchito, osati kuganiza kuti chinthu "chapadera" chimafuna kulolerana kofanana. Kufotokozera mochulukira pazinthu zomwe sizikugwira ntchito kumawonjezera mtengo ndi chiwopsezo chochepa popanda kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
Kwa mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito - nkhope zosindikizira, zokhala ndi zofananira, ma diameter okwerera - kulolerana kuyenera kuwonetsa zofunikira. Magazini ya shaft ya pampu kapena tsinde la valve lingafunike IT7 kapena bwino, pamene mabowo ochotserako ndi malo osamangirira angagwiritse ntchito kulolerana wamba. Wopereka makinawo ayenera kutsimikizira kuthekera kwa mawonekedwe ake ndi momwe zinthu ziliri m'malo mongoganiziridwa kuti ndi 316L.
Kuvuta kwapamtunda pamalo onyowa kapena otsekedwa kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito ndi machitidwe a dzimbiri. Pamwamba pake pali malo ochulukirapo oyambira dzenje ndipo amatha kusunga zotsalira. Pankhope zosindikiza, ma Ra mumitundu ya 0.8-1.6 μm amatchulidwa kawirikawiri, pomwe malo osafunikira amatha kuvomereza 3.2 μm kapena kupitirirapo. Awa ndi mafotokozedwe a zigawo zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomangika; mtengo woyenerera umadalira njira yeniyeni yosindikizira kapena chofunika chaukhondo.
Chidziwitso chimodzi chothandiza pazojambula: ngati kumalizidwa kwapamwamba kapena kulolerana kwatchulidwa popanda zifukwa zomveka, wogulitsa akhoza kukana ntchitoyo kapena kutchula mtengo wokwera kuti atsimikizire kutsatira. Kufotokozera momveka bwino kuti ndi malo ati omwe amagwira ntchito komanso omwe amalolerana bwino amathandiza onse ogulitsa ndi ogula.
Ntchito Zamakampani a N08028 Stainless Steel Components
Mapulogalamu omwe N08028 amasankhidwa amagawana mawonekedwe ofanana: chilengedwe cha dzimbiri chimaposa mphamvu ya 316L, ndipo gawo la geometry limafunikira makina m'malo mwa mawonekedwe osavuta a tubular.
Chemical ndi petrochemical processing. N08028 imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zopangira phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid kusamalira, ndi zida zosinthira kutentha. Kuphatikizika kwa mkuwa kumapangitsanso magwiridwe antchito m'malo a sulfuric acid, pomwe zomwe zili mu chromium ndi molybdenum zimawongolera ma oxidizing. Pampu zigawo, valavu ya valve, ndi ma reactor internals mu mautumikiwa ndi ziwalo zamakina.
Mafuta ndi gasi - utumiki wowawasa. M'malo okhala ndi H₂S, CO₂, ndi ma chlorides, N08028 imapereka kukana kusweka kwa sulfide stress and stress corrosion cracking. Alleima akuti Sanicro 28 idavomerezedwa pansi pa NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 kuti igwire ntchito yolimbana ndi sulfide m'zida zamafuta. Zida zapansi, zitsulo zogwirizanitsa, ndi zigawo za valve za zitsime za gasi wowawasa ndi zitsanzo za ntchito. Dziwani kuti nkhaniyi ikukamba za magawo opangidwa ndi makina; zinthu za tubular zimaphimbidwa ndi zosiyana.
Madzi a m'nyanja ndi machitidwe ozizira okhala ndi chloride. Mtengo wapamwamba wa PRE umatanthawuza kukana kutsekeka kwa dzenje ndi dzimbiri m'madzi okhala ndi kloridi. Alleima akutchula zochitika zothandiza zomwe zimatsimikizira kuyenera kwa Sanicro 28 pamapaipi onyamula madzi a m'nyanja ndi zotenthetsera zoziziritsidwa ndi madzi a m'nyanja. Zigawo monga mapampu, zomangira, ndi matupi a valve m'mabwalo oziziritsa amadzi am'madzi am'madzi kapena amchere amatha kugwiritsa ntchito N08028 pomwe 316L yawonetsa moyo wosakwanira.
Kuwongolera kuipitsidwa ndi kutulutsa mpweya wa flue desulfurization. Zosakaniza za asidi ndi kloridi mu machitidwe a FGD scrubber amatha kupitirira malire a zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Zigawo za N08028 muzitsulo zonyowa, zopopera, ndi mpope zamkati ndi zitsanzo za magawo opangidwa ndi makina osankhidwa pazinthu izi.
Munjira iliyonse, kusankha kwazinthu kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa motsutsana ndi chemistry, kutentha, ndi kupsinjika kwa ntchitoyo. N08028 si njira yothetsera chilengedwe chonse "zowononga"; ndi njira yothetsera malo enieni omwe kuphatikiza kwake kwa aloyi kuli koyenera.
Zofunikira Zaukadaulo Kuti Mutsimikizire Mukapeza Magawo a N08028
Dongosolo logulira magawo a N08028 omwe amangonena "zida: N08028" zimasiya zambiri kutanthauzira. Zofunikira zotsatirazi ziyenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino pakufunsidwa ndikutsimikiziridwa muzolemba ndi chiphaso cha ogulitsa.
Chidziwitso chakuthupi ndi chiphaso. Tchulani UNS N08028 kapena EN 1.4563, osati dzina lamalonda lokha. Pafunika satifiketi yoyeserera zinthu (MTC) pa EN 10204 3.1 yomwe imafotokoza za kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe amakina pa kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Satifiketiyo iyenera kuwonetsa kuti ikutsatira mulingo woyenera wazogulitsa (mwachitsanzo, EN 10088-3 ya bala).
Mawonekedwe azinthu ndi chikhalidwe. Pazigawo zamakina, tchulani ngati zoyambira ndi bar, hollow bar, kapena forging. Ma bar amayenera kuperekedwa munjira yokhazikika pokhapokha ngati zinthu zoziziritsa zikufunika dala. Tsimikizirani zomwe zalembedwa pa satifiketi.
Kutentha mankhwala pambuyo Machining kapena kuwotcherera. Ngati gawolo lidzawotcherera, kapena ngati makina amapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito yozizira kwambiri m'dera lovuta, ganizirani ngati njira yothetsera vutoli ikufunika. N08028 imadalira njira yolondola-yolumikizidwa ndi microstructure kuti ikanidwe bwino ndi dzimbiri. Chigamulocho chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa malo ogwira ntchito komanso kukula kwa ntchito yozizira kapena kuwotcherera, osati kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusakhulupirika. Alleima amalimbikitsa njira yothetsera kutentha kwa 1100-1160 ° C ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuzimitsa madzi ngati pakufunika chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pokonza.
Kuyendera ndi kuyesa. Kupitilira kuyang'ana kowoneka bwino, lingalirani ngati identification positive material (PMI) ikufunika kuti mutsimikizire kuti aloyi ndi ndani pazigawo zomalizidwa. Kuyezetsa kuuma kungapereke cheke movutikira pa chithandizo cha kutentha. Pa ntchito yowononga dzimbiri, kuyezetsa kowonjezera kwa dzimbiri kungatchulidwe, ngakhale izi zimawonjezera mtengo ndi nthawi yotsogolera.
Ukhondo pamwamba. Zigawo zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ziyenera kukhala zopanda kuipitsidwa kwachitsulo chophatikizidwa kuchokera ku makina kapena kugwira. Fotokozerani kuti mbali zitsukidwe ndi kuchotsedwa ngati zitha kuonongeka. Pewani maburashi achitsulo cha kaboni, zida, kapena zida zolumikizana ndi malo omaliza a N08028.
FAQ
Kodi N08028 ndi yofanana ndi Sanicro 28, Alloy 28, ndi Inkoloy 028?
Inde, awa ndi mayina amalonda amtundu womwewo wa alloy. UNS N08028 ndiye chizindikiritso chokhazikika; EN 1.4563 ndi dzina laku Europe. Tchulani nambala ya UNS kapena EN pazithunzi kuti mupewe kusatsimikizika.
Kodi N08028 ikhoza kusintha 316L mwachindunji?
Osati ngati kulowetsa m'malo popanda kuunika. N08028 imapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri kwapamwamba kwambiri m'ma acid aukali komanso malo a chloride, koma kumawononga ndalama zambiri ndipo kumakhala kovuta kupanga makina. Kulowetsedwa kuyenera kulungamitsidwa ndi kulephera kwenikweni kapena kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri komwe kumawonedwa ndi 316L.
Kodi N08028 imafuna chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa weld?
Zosungirako za Alleima zimanena kuti chiwopsezo cha kuwotcherera kwa Sanicro 28 ndi chocheperako mukamawotcherera wamba. Komabe, ngati chigawo chowotcherera chidzagwira ntchito m'malo owononga kwambiri, njira yothetsera vutoli ikhoza kutchulidwabe ndi ntchito ya uinjiniya yomwe imayang'anira zidazo. Zofunikira zimatengera momwe ntchito ikugwiritsidwira ntchito ndipo iyenera kugamulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Kodi nthawi yotsogolera ya magawo a makina a N08028 ndi iti?
Nthawi yotsogolera imadalira kupezeka kwa zinthu, zovuta zina, ndi kuchuluka kwake. Ili si funso lazinthu zakuthupi ndipo liyenera kupita kwa omwe akutsatsa kuti alandire ndalama.
