N08028 ntabwo ari urwego ugaragaza bisanzwe. Ku ba injeniyeri nitsinda ryamasoko bakura N08028 ibyuma bidasanzwe bidafite ibyuma, birwanya kwangirika kw ibikoresho ni kimwe cya kabiri cyinkuru. Yicaye mumuryango-mwinshi wa austenitike, wagenewe ibidukikije aho 316L yananirana-acide yibanze, imigezi ikungahaye kuri chloride, hamwe na gaze ya gaz. Igice cya kabiri cyinkuru ni ukumenya niba igice gishobora gutunganywa gushushanya, gushyuha neza, no kugenzurwa mbere yuko byinjira muri serivisi. Iyi ngingo ihuza ibikoresho nibintu hamwe nibintu bifatika byo gukora no gushakisha N08028.
Niki N08028 Icyuma kitagira umuyonga?
N08028 nicyuma kinini cya austenitike kitagira ibyuma cyerekanwe na UNS nimero N08028 hamwe nu Burayi 1.4563 (X1NiCrMoCu 31-27-4). Iragurishwa kandi mumazina yubucuruzi harimo Sanicro 28.
Amavuta arangwa na nikel nyinshi (hafi 31%), chromium ndende (hafi 27%), hamwe na molybdenum n'umuringa. Uku guhuriza hamwe kubitandukanya n amanota asanzwe ya austenitis: ntabwo yahinduwe 316L cyangwa "super austenitike" muburyo rusange, ahubwo ni ikintu cyihariye cyashizweho mukurwanya okiside ndetse no kugabanya aside, hamwe numuringa ugira uruhare runini muri serivise ya acide sulfurike.
Kumasoko no gushushanya ibisobanuro, ibikoresho bigomba kumenyekana numero ya UNS cyangwa EN aho kuba amazina yubucuruzi yonyine. ASTM B668 ikubiyemo UNS N08028 na N08029 imiyoboro idafite umuyoboro hamwe na tari ya serivisi rusange yangirika, bisaba imiterere-yumuti kandi ikanagaragaza ibizamini bya chimique, tensile, na hydrostatike.
Ibigize imiti nibintu byingenzi
Izina ryizina rya N08028 (UNS N08028 / EN 1.4563) ni hafi: chromium 27%, nikel 31%, molybdenum 3.5%, umuringa 1.0%, hamwe na karubone igarukira kuri .020.020%. Ibirimo bike bya karubone (urwego rwa ELC) bigabanya ibyago byo gukangurira mugihe cyo gusudira hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Kurwanya pitingi ihwanye numubare (PRE) kuri N08028 mubisanzwe bivugwa byibuze byibuze 38, ubarwa na formula isanzwe PRE =% Cr + 3.3 ×% Mo + 16 ×% N. Inkomoko-yandi makuru yerekana PRE indangagaciro zingana na 38-41, ukurikije imiterere yibicuruzwa no kubara. Ibi bishyira N08028 neza hejuru ya 316L (PRE mubisanzwe ~ 25-28) no murwego rwamanota ya super austenitis, nubwo idahinduka kuburyo butaziguye n amanota yo hejuru ya molybdenum nka 6Mo alloys.
Ibikoresho bya tekinike yo gukemura-ibigega byabigenewe byerekanwe ku mbaraga nkeya (Rp0.2) ya 220 MPa, imbaraga zingana 550-750 MPa, no kurambura ≥35%. Ubukomere ni 20220 HB. Microstructure ya austenitis itanga ingaruka nziza zikomeye no mubushyuhe bwa kirogenike.
Imbonerahamwe: Imiterere yizina nibintu byingenzi bya N08028 (indangagaciro)
| Parameter | Agaciro |
| Cr / Ni / Mo / Cu | ~ 27% / ~ 31% / ~ 3.5% / ~ 1.0% |
| Carbone (max) | 0.020% |
| PRE (urwego rusanzwe) | ~ 38-41 (kubara-kubara) |
| Rp0.2 (igisubizo cyongeweho) | 202 MPa |
| Rm | 550–750 MPa |
| Kurambura | ≥35% |
Inkomoko: Alleima datasheet ya Sanicro 28. Indangagaciro ni nominal kandi igomba kwemezwa kubicuruzwa byihariye no gutanga ibyemezo.
Nigute N08028 Ugereranije nicyuma gisanzwe
Kugereranya na 304 na 316L nimwe abasomyi benshi bazakora, kandi itandukaniro ni imiterere, ntabwo ari marginal.
| Icyiciro | Cr | Ni | Mo. | Cu | PRE (bisanzwe) |
| 304 | ~ 18% | ~ 8% | — | — | ~ 18–20 |
| 316L | ~ 16-18% | ~ 10–14% | ~ 2-3% | — | ~ 25-28 |
| N08028 | ~ 27% | ~ 31% | ~ 3.5% | ~ 1.0% | ≥38 |
PRE indangagaciro ni urwego rwerekana itandukaniro hamwe nuburyo bwihariye bwo kubara.
Nikel iri muri N08028 yikubye inshuro eshatu cyangwa enye za 304 cyangwa 316L. Ibi bifite impamvu ebyiri. Ubwa mbere, nikel nyinshi iteza imbere kurwanya chloride ihungabana, uburyo bwo kunanirwa bushobora kugaragara muri 304 na 316L mugihe kimwe icyarimwe hamwe na chloride. Icya kabiri, nikel ihindura imiterere ya austenitis kandi igira uruhare mubukomere.
Urwego rwa chromium na molybdenum rutanga pitingi na crevice birwanya ruswa bigaragarira mu gaciro ka PRE. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku byuma bya superaustenitike bidafite ibyuma byemeje ko kongera Cr, Mo, na N byongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa mu bitangazamakuru bya chloride, mu gihe kongeramo umuringa byongera imbaraga zo kurwanya aside aside. Niyo mpamvu N08028 ikunze gutoranywa kubidukikije bya fosifori na sulfurike aho 316L yakwangirika kubiciro bitemewe.
Gucuruza-ibiciro ni ikiguzi na mashini. Ibivangavanze bitanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa nabyo bituma N08028 ihenze kuri kilo kandi ikenera imashini. Ntabwo ari rusange-intego yo kuzamura kuva 316L; ni intego yo guhitamo kubidukikije aho ingaruka zo kwangirika zerekana igiciro cyambere.
Uburyo bwo Gukora N08028 Ibice Byuma
Inzira yambere yo gukora kuri N08028 idasanzwe ibyuma bidafite ibyuma ni Imashini ya CNC kuva mububiko, akabari, cyangwa fagitire mpimbano. Ibikoresho birahari mubisubizo-bifatanye nkumuzingi uzengurutse, umwobo wuzuye, hamwe numuyoboro utagira kashe. Kubice byinshi byakorewe imashini - pompe ya pompe, imbere imbere ya valve, fitingi, hamwe numubiri wibikoresho - ibikorwa byakazi ni: kugura akabari kegeranye cyangwa akabari kegeranye kuri diameter isabwa, imashini kugeza kuri net cyangwa imiterere ya nyuma, no kugenzura ibipimo n'imiterere yibintu.
Guhimbwa bikoreshwa muburyo bunini cyangwa bunini cyane aho gukoresha ibikoresho hamwe nuburyo bwimbuto zitonesha impimbano hejuru yububiko. N08028 irashobora gushyuha ikozwe, ariko idirishya ryubushyuhe ni rito ugereranije n amanota asanzwe ya austenitis. Inkomoko zitari iz'inganda zerekana ko ubushyuhe bushyushye bugera kuri 1050–1200 ° C hamwe n'ubushyuhe buke bwo guhagarara hejuru ya 950 ° C, ariko ubu buyobozi ntibugaragara muri datasheet ya Alleima yasuzumwe kuri iyi ngingo kandi igomba kugenzurwa neza nuwabitanze kugirango akore ibikorwa byose byo guhimba.
Gusudira birashoboka kandi N08028 isobanurwa ko ifite gusudira neza, ariko gusudira N08028 ibice bisaba kwitondera imiterere ya nyuma yo gusudira. Alleima avuga ko mu bikorwa bisanzwe byo gusudira, kwinjiza ubushyuhe ku cyuma cyababyeyi bibaho mugihe gito cyane kuruta intera aho kwangirika kw’imiterere ihinduka ibyago, kandi ko ibyago byo kwibasirwa hagati y’umudugudu nyuma yo gusudira ari bike. Ariko, niba akarere gasudira cyangwa gaterwa nubushyuhe kazagerwaho na serivisi yangirika cyane, igisubizo nyuma yo gusudira kirashobora kugaragazwa na injeniyeri ubishinzwe. Iyi ngingo yibanze ku bice byakozwe; gusudira bigomba gufatwa nkigikorwa cyihariye gisaba inzira zujuje ibyangombwa.
Gutekereza Kumashini ya N08028 Ibice bidasanzwe byuma
Imashini N08028 yerekana ibibazo bya classique ya austenitike yumuti mwinshi: ibyuma byihuta, gukomera kwumuriro, hamwe no gukurikiza ibikoresho byo gutema. Amavuta ya nikel menshi hamwe na molybdenum arimo byongera izo ngaruka ugereranije na 316L.
Gukomera kumurimo nimyitwarire yingaruka zo kugenzura ibipimo. Iyo igikoresho gikubise aho gukata - kubera ibiryo bidahagije, impande zijimye, cyangwa ubujyakuzimu budahagije bwo gukata - urwego rwo hejuru rukomera cyane. Urupapuro rukurikiraho noneho ruhura nubuso bukomeye, kwihutisha kwambara no gusunika ibikorwa kuganirira no kurangiza nabi. Ikigaragara gifatika nuko ingamba zo "gutunganya" zogukoresha hamwe nigaburo ryoroheje hamwe nubujyakuzimu buto bwo gukata nta musaruro. Igikoresho kigomba kwinjiza ibikoresho munsi yakarere gakomye uhereye kubanza.
Imicungire yubushyuhe ningirakamaro kimwe. Ubushyuhe bwa N08028 buri hasi, bityo kugabanya ubushyuhe byibanda kumurongo wibikoresho aho gusakara mubikorwa cyangwa chip. Ubuyobozi bwa Alleima bwo gutunganya imashini ya Sanicro 28 irasaba kugabanya umuvuduko wo kugabanya hafi 50-55% ugereranije na Sanmac 316 / 316L mugihe uhindukiriye hamwe nibikoresho bya karbide isize, mugihe ugaburira ibiryo bike gusa kandi ubyitayeho. Iyi ni ingingo yihariye yo gutangiriraho, ntabwo ari icyifuzo rusange cy "ibyuma bitagira umwanda." Umuvuduko ukabije wumuyaga werekeza kuri zone uca ufasha gucunga ubuzima bwibikoresho. Igikoresho cya geometrie nicyiciro cyo gutoranya bigomba guhuzwa nigikorwa cyihariye; utanga ubunararibonye muri nikel yo hejuru ya nikel austenitis azashyiraho ibipimo aho kugerageza akazi.
Ubusugire bwubuso bukwiye kwitabwaho kubice birwanya ruswa. Imashini iterwa no guhangayika gusigaye hamwe na microstructural impinduka zirashobora kugira ingaruka kumitangire ya ruswa. Mugihe ubusugire bwihariye bwubusubizo bwa N08028 kubukorikori butanditse neza mumasoko aboneka kumugaragaro kuruta kuri 316L, ihame rusange rirakurikizwa: ubuso bwasizwe, bukomye kumurimo ntabwo buhwanye no gukata neza mugihe igice kizahura na chimie yibasiye. Kubintu bifatika bifatika cyangwa ahantu hahanamye, ibikorwa byo kurangiza nuburyo ibikoresho bigomba gutomorwa no kugenzurwa.
Ibipimo Byukuri, Ubworoherane, na Surface Kurangiza
Ubworoherane hamwe nubuso bwo kurangiza kubice bya N08028 bigomba gutwarwa numurimo, ntabwo biterwa no gutekereza ko ibikoresho "bidasanzwe" bisaba kwihanganira gukomeye. Kurenza-ibisobanuro kubintu bidakorwa byongera ikiguzi hamwe ningaruka zo gukuraho udatezimbere imikorere.
Ku buso bukora - isura ya kashe, ifite ibipimo, ibipimo byo guhuza - kwihanganira bigomba kwerekana ibyifuzo byinteko. Ikinyamakuru pomp shaft cyangwa valve stem irashobora gusaba IT7 cyangwa nziza, mugihe imyobo yohanagura hamwe nubuso budahuje bishobora gukoresha kwihanganira rusange. Utanga imashini agomba kwemeza ubushobozi kubintu byihariye nibintu bifatika aho gufatwa nkuburambe hamwe na 316L.
Ubusumbane bwubuso hejuru yubushuhe cyangwa gufunga bigira ingaruka kumikorere no kwangirika. Ubuso bubi butanga imbuga nyinshi zo gutangiza umwobo kandi burashobora kugumana ibisigisigi. Kugirango ushireho isura, Ra indangagaciro zingana na 0.8-1,6 mm zirasobanuwe neza, mugihe ubuso butanegereye bushobora kwemera 3.2 mm cyangwa rougher. Izi ni urwego rwerekana ibyuma bitunganijwe neza muri rusange; agaciro gakwiye gashingiye kuburyo bwihariye bwo gufunga cyangwa ibisabwa kugira isuku.
Inyandiko imwe ifatika yo gushushanya: niba ubuso burangiye cyangwa kwihanganira byerekanwe nta mpamvu ifatika, uwabitanze arashobora kwanga akazi cyangwa akavuga igiciro kinini kugirango yemeze kubahiriza. Icyitonderwa neza cyerekana ubuso bukora kandi nubworoherane rusange bifasha uwabitanze nabaguzi.
Inganda zikoreshwa mu nganda za N08028 Ibigize ibyuma
Porogaramu aho N08028 yatoranijwe isangiye ibintu biranga: ibidukikije byangirika birenze ubushobozi bwa 316L, naho igice cya geometrie gisaba gukora imashini aho kuba uburyo bworoshye.
Gutunganya imiti na peteroli. N08028 ikoreshwa mubikoresho bitanga aside fosifori, gutunganya aside sulfurike, hamwe nibice bihindura ubushyuhe. Kwiyongera k'umuringa bitezimbere cyane imikorere ya acide sulfurike, mugihe chromium hamwe na molybdenum bikemura ibibazo bya okiside. Ibikoresho byo kuvoma, valve trim, na reaktor imbere muri izi serivisi nibice byimashini zakozwe.
Amavuta na gaze - serivisi isharira. Mubidukikije birimo H₂S, CO₂, na chloride, N08028 itanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ihungabana rya sulfide no guturika kwangirika. Alleima avuga ko Sanicro 28 yemerewe muri NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 kubera serivisi ya sulfide ihangayikishwa na serivisi zihanganira ibikoresho bya peteroli. Ibikoresho byo hasi, guhuza ububiko, hamwe na valve ibice byamazi meza ya gaz ni ingero zikoreshwa. Menya ko iyi ngingo ivuga ibice byakozwe; tubular ibicuruzwa bitwikiriwe nibisobanuro bitandukanye.
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha amazi na chloride. Agaciro gakomeye PRE isobanura kurwanya kurwanya imyobo no kwangirika mumazi arimo chloride. Alleima avuga ubunararibonye bufatika bwemeza ko Sanicro 28 ikwiriye imiyoboro itwara amazi yo mu nyanja hamwe n’amazi akonjesha akonje. Ibigize nka pompe, ibifunga, hamwe numubiri wa valve mumazi yo mumazi cyangwa amazi meza akonjesha arashobora gukoresha N08028 aho 316L yerekanye ubuzima budahagije.
Kurwanya umwanda no guhumanya gaz. Acide ivanze na chloride ibidukikije muri sisitemu ya FGD scrubber irashobora kurenga imipaka yicyuma gisanzwe. Ibice bya N08028 mumashanyarazi, gutera nozzles, na pompe imbere ni ingero z'imashini zatoranijwe kuri ibi bihe.
Muri buri kibazo, guhitamo ibikoresho bigomba kwemezwa kurwanya chimie yihariye, ubushyuhe, hamwe nibibazo bya porogaramu. N08028 ntabwo ari igisubizo rusange kubidukikije "byangirika"; nigisubizo cyibidukikije byihariye aho guhuza kwayo kwihariye gukwiye.
Ibisabwa bya tekiniki kugirango wemeze mugihe utanga ibice N08028
Icyemezo cyo kugura ibice bya N08028 bivuga gusa "ibikoresho: N08028" bisiga byinshi kubisobanuro. Ibisabwa bikurikira bigomba kuvugwa mu buryo bweruye mu iperereza kandi bikemezwa mu magambo yatanzwe n’icyemezo.
Indangamuntu n'ibyemezo. Kugaragaza UNS N08028 cyangwa EN 1.4563, ntabwo izina ryubucuruzi ryonyine. Saba icyemezo cyibizamini (MTC) kuri EN 10204 3.1 yerekana imiterere yimiti nubukanishi bwubushyuhe bwakoreshejwe. Icyemezo kigomba kwerekana kubahiriza ibicuruzwa bijyanye (urugero, EN 10088-3 kubari).
Imiterere y'ibicuruzwa n'imiterere. Kubice byakorewe imashini, vuga niba ibikoresho byo gutangira ari akabari, umurongo wuzuye, cyangwa guhimba. Ibigega byabigenewe bigomba gutangwa muburyo bukemuwe keretse imitungo ikonje ikenewe nkana. Emeza imiterere yometse ku cyemezo.
Gushyushya ubushyuhe nyuma yo gutunganya cyangwa gusudira. Niba igice kizasudwa, cyangwa niba imashini itera imirimo ikonje mukarere gakomeye, tekereza niba hakenewe igisubizo gikenewe. N08028 yishingikiriza kumuti wukuri-ushyizwe hamwe na microstructure kugirango irwanye ruswa. Icyemezo kigomba gushingira kubidukikije bya serivisi hamwe nubunini bwimirimo ikonje cyangwa gusudira, ntibikoreshwa nkibisanzwe. Alleima irasaba igisubizo kuri 1100–1160 ° C hagakurikiraho kuzimya amazi niba hakenewe ubundi buryo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gutunganywa.
Kugenzura no kugerageza. Kurenga kugenzura ibipimo, reba niba ibimenyetso bifatika (PMI) bisabwa kugirango ugenzure umwirondoro wa alloy ku bice byarangiye. Kwipimisha gukomera birashobora gutanga igenzura rikomeye kumiterere yubushyuhe. Kuri serivisi zikomeye zo kwangirika, ibizamini byinyongera birashobora gutomorwa, nubwo ibi byongera ikiguzi nigihe cyo kuyobora.
Isuku yo hejuru. Ibice bitagira umwanda bigomba kuba bitarimo ibyuma byanduye biturutse kubitunganya cyangwa kubikora. Kugaragaza neza ko ibice bisukurwa kandi bigahinduka niba bizahura na serivisi ibora. Irinde gusya ibyuma bya karubone, ibikoresho, cyangwa ibikoresho uhuye nubuso bwa N08028.
Ibibazo
N08028 irasa na Sanicro 28, Alloy 28, na Incoloy 028?
Nibyo, aya ni amazina yubucuruzi kubintu bimwe. UNS N08028 ni cyo kimenyetso gisanzwe; EN 1.4563 ni izina ryu Burayi. Kugaragaza umubare wa UNS cyangwa EN ku bishushanyo kugirango wirinde kudasobanuka.
N08028 irashobora gusimbuza 316L mu buryo butaziguye?
Ntabwo ari nk'igitonyanga gisimburwa nta gusuzuma. N08028 itanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa cyane muri acide yibasiwe na chloride, ariko bisaba amafaranga menshi kandi biragoye kuyikora. Gusimburwa bigomba gutsindishirizwa nuburyo bwihariye bwo gutsindwa cyangwa igipimo cya ruswa cyagaragaye hamwe na 316L.
Ese N08028 isaba kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira?
Datasheet ya Alleima ivuga ko ibyago byo kwibasirwa hagati y’umuntu nyuma yo gusudira Sanicro 28 ari bike mu bihe bisanzwe byo gusudira. Ariko, niba ibice byo gusudira bizakorera ahantu hashobora kwangirika cyane, igisubizo gishobora kugaragazwa numurimo wubwubatsi ushinzwe ibikoresho. Ibisabwa biterwa na serivisi kandi bigomba gukemurwa buri kibazo.
Nibihe bisanzwe byo kuyobora kubice bya N08028?
Igihe cyo kuyobora giterwa no kuboneka kubintu, ibice bigoye, nubunini. Iki ntabwo arikibazo cyumutungo wibintu kandi kigomba kwerekezwa kubatanga isoko ryihariye.
