Thaum tus engineer qhia ib qho incoloy ib rau ib txoj kab corrosive, kev xaiv ntawm Alloy 825 thiab Alloy 800 tsis tshua muaj hais txog qhov twg alloy yog "zoo dua." Nws yog hais txog qhov twg alloy phim cov kev pabcuam tiag tiag. Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825) yog tsim los txo cov kua qaub, chloride-cov kabmob media, thiab cov roj qaub ib puag ncig. Incoloy 800 (UNS N08800) tau tsim los rau lub zog kub thiab oxidation tsis kam, nrog kev ua haujlwm corrosion hauv aqueous media raws li cov txiaj ntsig thib ob. Tsis meej pem ob qho tib si tuaj yeem ua rau tus nqi tsis tsim nyog lossis ib qho hlau tsis sib xws rau cov kev pabcuam xav tau.
Qhov kev sib piv no yog sau rau tshuaj lom neeg, offshore, thiab tshav kub exchanger engineers thiab buyers uas xav tau ib tug tswv yim xaiv lub moj khaum, tsis yog ib tug qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv phau ntawv. Nws tsom mus rau lub metallurgical logic tom qab txhua lub alloy, cov ntaub ntawv uas qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, thiab cov fabrication thiab kev yuav khoom cov ntsiab lus uas txiav txim siab seb lub alloy tau teev nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam.
Incoloy 825 vs 800: Qhov txawv ntawm qhov chaw
Txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los teeb tsa qhov sib txawv yog qhov no: Alloy 825 yog corrosion-ua ntej; Alloy 800 yog kub ua ntej.
Alloy 825 belongs rau tsev neeg Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu. Nws cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee zaum hauv 38-46% ntau yam, nrog rau kev txhob txwm ntxiv ntawm molybdenum (2.5-3.5%) thiab tooj liab (1.5-3.0%), ntxiv rau titanium stabilization. Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no tau tsim los daws ob qho tib si oxidizing thiab txo cov kua qaub, tiv thaiv chloride kev nyuaj siab corrosion cracking, thiab zam cov kev pabcuam qaub uas muaj H₂S.
Alloy 800 yog Ni-Fe-Cr alloy nrog kwv yees li 30-35% nickel thiab 19-23% chromium, tab sis tsis txhob txwm molybdenum thiab tsis muaj tooj liab ntxiv. Nws lub hom phiaj tsim yog qhov kev pabcuam kub kub: oxidation tsis kam, carburization tsis kam, thiab creep zog ntawm qhov kub txog li 593 ° C rau lub hauv paus 800 qib, nrog 800H thiab 800HT txuas ntxiv qhov ntau ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv aqueous corrosive media tsis muaj chloride hnyav los yog txo cov kua qaub, 800 ua tau zoo, tab sis nws cov corrosion kuj yog nqaim los ntawm kev tsim.
Rau ib incoloy ib nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj kab tuav sulfuric acid nrog chlorides, 825 yog qhov tsim nyog specification. Rau lub qhov cub hluav taws xob los yog lub nplhaib sib txuas kub, 800 feem ntau yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua thiab kev lag luam ntau dua. Qhov kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum ua raws li qhov tseem ceeb degradation mechanism, tsis yog alloy lub koob npe nrov.
Kev sib xyaw thiab Corrosion Resistance Mechanisms
Nickel, Chromium, Molybdenum, thiab tooj liab ua dab tsi
Kev tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm Alloy 825 tsis yog ib qho txiaj ntsig. Txhua qhov sib ntxiv alloying hais txog hom tsis ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
Nickel muab lub hauv paus rau kev tiv thaiv chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC). 38-46% npib tsib xee ntau hauv 825 yog txaus los tiv thaiv chloride-ion SCC hauv ntau qhov chaw. Alloy 800 cov ntsiab lus npib tsib xee qis (30-35%) kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig SCC tsis kam nyob rau hauv ntau cov xov xwm aqueous, tab sis cov nickel siab dua hauv 825 muab qhov dav dav hauv kev pabcuam chloride hnyav.
Chromium tsim cov zaj duab xis passive oxide uas tiv thaiv oxidizing media xws li nitric acid thiab oxidizing ntsev. Ob leeg 800 thiab 825 cia siab rau chromium rau txoj haujlwm no, thiab ob qho tib si muaj kwv yees li 19-23.5% Cr.
Molybdenum yog qhov twg ob alloys diverge kom meej meej. 2.5-3.5% Mo hauv 825 txhim khu kev tiv thaiv rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv chloride-cov kabmob ib puag ncig. Alloy 800 tsis muaj lub siab xav ntxiv molybdenum. Qhov kev tsis tuaj no tsis yog qhov tsis xws luag hauv 800's tsim; Nws tsuas yog qhia tau tias 800 tsis yog tsim los rau chloride pitting kuj.
Tooj liab, tam sim no ntawm 1.5-3.0% hauv 825, ua haujlwm nrog molybdenum los tiv thaiv cov kua qaub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog sulfuric thiab phosphoric acid. Alloy 800 tsis muaj tooj liab ntxiv. Hauv dilute sulfuric acid kev pabcuam, 825 cov ntsiab lus tooj liab yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas nws tau teev tseg qhov twg 800 yuav tsis yog.
Titanium hauv 825 ua haujlwm ruaj khov, khi cov pa roj carbon monoxide los tiv thaiv chromium carbide nag lossis daus thaum vuam thiab txo qis kev pheej hmoo. Qhov no yog vim li cas 825 tau piav qhia tias muaj kev tiv thaiv intergranular corrosion nyob rau hauv raws li-welded mob.
Dab tsi 800's Tsis Muaj Mo thiab Cu txhais tau tias hauv Kev Xyaum
Alloy 800 yuav tsum tsis txhob raug tso tseg raws li "tsawg corrosion resistant" nyob rau hauv txhua lub ntsiab lus. Nyob rau hauv high-temperature oxidizing atmospheres, 800's chromium cov ntsiab lus thiab npib tsib xee sib npaug muab oxidation zoo heev thiab carburization tsis kam, uas yog vim li cas nws tseem yog ib qho khoom siv rau kev hloov kho thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov alloy muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion rau ntau cov xov xwm aqueous thiab tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg hauv ntau qhov chaw.
Qhov kev txwv tshwm sim thaum qhov kev pabcuam ib puag ncig suav nrog chlorides ntxiv rau txo cov kua qaub, lossis thaum pitting thiab crevice corrosion yog kev hem thawj. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, 800 qhov tsis muaj molybdenum tawm nws yooj yim rau kev tawm tsam hauv cheeb tsam uas 825 yog tsim los tiv thaiv. Kev sim ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom ua ntej cua sov nrog cov tshuaj chloride siab (5,500 ppm Cl⁻) ntawm qhov kub siab pom tias Incoloy 800 nthuav tawm pitting corrosion thaum Incoloy 825 pom tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov corrosion nyob rau hauv tib yam. Hom kev sib piv no, txawm hais tias tshwj xeeb rau qhov chaw sim, qhia txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv.
Rau ib incoloy ib Nyob rau hauv lub seawater-txias cua kub exchanger, qhov kev sib txawv tseem ceeb. Cov dej hiav txwv sib xyaw cov tshuaj chloride, qee zaus txo cov xwm txheej los ntawm kev ua haujlwm lom neeg, thiab cov crevices ntawm flanges thiab tube-rau-tubesheet pob qij txha. Alloy 825's Mo thiab Cu cov ntsiab lus ncaj qha hais txog cov txheej txheem no. Alloy 800 tsis.
Hom Incoloy Part Forms thiab Application Scenarios
Cov ntxhua khaub ncaws zaum ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb tsis zam txim rau hauv qhov sib koom ua ke: lawv tau ntim ntawm ob qhov chaw, tsim kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pa oxygen depletion thiab chloride concentration tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm nrawm. Hauv kev pabcuam chloride-cov kabmob, lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws yuav tsum tiv thaiv ob qho tib si corrosion thiab crevice corrosion thaum tuav preload.
Alloy 825 ntxhua khaub ncaws yog qhov tsim nyog tshwj xeeb rau kev sib txuas flanged hauv cov roj qaub, dej hiav txwv, thiab cov kua qaub tuav. Cov ntsiab lus molybdenum muab pitting thiab crevice corrosion kuj uas 800 tsis tuaj yeem phim. Rau qhov kub-kub flue roj los yog lub qhov cub siv cov chlorides tsis tuaj thiab thermal stability yog qhov tseem ceeb, 800 washers tuaj yeem txiav txim siab.
Ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm: Incoloy alloys ua hauj lwm-harden thaum tig thiab threading, thiab ua hauj lwm-hardening tus nqi rau 825 yog kuj siab txawm tias nws yog me ntsis qis dua li cov austenitic stainless hlau. Nyias ntxhua khaub ncaws hauv qab li 1.5 hli tuaj yeem cuam tshuam thaum kho cua sov tshwj tsis yog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev kho kom raug. Xov dov es tsis txhob tapping yog feem ntau nyiam rau threaded washer tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam chloride, vim hais tias tapping yuav qhia subsurface shear puas tsuaj uas ua ib qho chaw pib rau kev nyuaj siab corrosion cracking. Daim ntawv pov thawj: Cov kev taw qhia kev tsim khoom no qhia txog kev ua haujlwm dav dav rau Incoloy alloys; cov kev txwv tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau lees paub nrog cov chaw tsim khoom tiag.
Incoloy Tube thiab Heat Exchanger Parts
ASTM B423 / ASME SB423 npog seamless thiab txias-ua haujlwm raj hauv UNS N08825 rau kev pabcuam corrosive. Nyob rau hauv tshav kub exchanger tubing, xaiv ntawm 825 thiab 800 feem ntau ua raws li lub plhaub-sab los yog raj-sab chemistry.
Yog hais tias lub raj sab yog nqa cov dej txias nrog cov chlorides, los yog cov txheej txheem cov kua dej muaj cov kua qaub, 825 raj muab Mo thiab Cu pab txhawb kom tiv thaiv pitting thiab acid nres. Yog hais tias daim ntawv thov yog ib tug high-kub hloov kho los yog pyrolysis rauv qhov twg hlau kub tshaj 600 ° C thiab ib puag ncig yog tseem tseem qhuav qhuav los yog oxidizing, 800H los yog 800HT raj yog qhov kev xaiv.
Qhov xwm txheej nruab nrab ntawm qhov tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas: cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas nrog cov txheej txheem kub ntawm 400-500 ° C thiab cov tshuaj chloride nruab nrab. Tsis yog alloy yog cov lus teb universal ntawm no. Qhov kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum tig rau seb cov tshuaj chloride concentration thiab crevice geometry tsim ib qho kev ntseeg siab SCC lossis pitting txaus ntshai. Yog tias muaj, 825's ntau dua nickel thiab molybdenum cov ntsiab lus muab kev nyab xeeb dav dua.
Valve Trim thiab Machined Cheebtsam
Valve internals muaj kev yaig-corrosion, crevice nres ntawm qhov chaw sib khi, thiab hauv kev pabcuam qaub, sulfide kev ntxhov siab tawg. Alloy 825 trim yog siv rau hauv cov kua qaub thiab qaub roj tso rau qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm Mo rau pitting tsis kam thiab Ni rau SCC kuj tseem cuam tshuam. Alloy 800 tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv ntub dej corrosive valve kev pab tab sis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv high-temperature flue gas thiab furnace valve daim ntaub ntawv.
Daim ntawv pov thawj: Cov khoom lag luam muaj nyob hauv lub vev xaib yuav tsum tau lees paub ua ntej implying muaj valve trim lossis lwm yam machined Incoloy qhov chaw tshaj li washers. Yog tias lub vev xaib tam sim no muab rau cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, ntu no yuav tsum tau nyeem raws li daim ntawv thov cov ntsiab lus es tsis yog cov khoom thov.
Kev Txiav Txim Table: Los ntawm Nruab Nrab thiab Kub
Cov lus hauv qab no condenses qhov kev xaiv logic rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas feem ntau ntsib los ntawm incoloy ib cov neeg yuav khoom. Nws xav tias ib feem yog cov khoom siv lossis cov khoom siv ua haujlwm (lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, lub raj, haum, luas) thiab qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb yog aqueous corrosion tshwj tsis yog sau tseg.
| Kev Pabcuam | Pom zoo Alloy | Kev xav |
| Sulfuric acid (txo), nrog chlorides,> 60 ° C | 825 | Cu + Mo tiv thaiv cov kua qaub; Ni resists chloride SCC |
| Phosphoric acid, kis nrog chlorides | 825 | Cu ntxiv lub hom phiaj phosphoric acid; Mo resists pitting |
| Dej hiav txwv los yog brine, stagnant los yog creviced | 825 | Mo muab pitting / crevice kuj; 800 tsis muaj Mo |
| Cov roj qaub (H₂S) nrog cov tshuaj chlorides, kev pheej hmoo tawg ntawm NACE MR0175 | 825 | Cov npe hauv NACE MR0175 rau kev pabcuam qaub tawg ua haujlwm; Ni + Mo ua ke |
| Oxidizing acid (nitric), tsis muaj chlorides, nruab nrab temp | 800 o 825 ib | Ob leeg cia siab rau Cr passive zaj duab xis; 800 yog tus nqi qis dua |
| Kub-kub oxidation / carburization,> 600 ° C, qhuav | 800/800H/800HT | High-kub lub zog thiab stability; 825 tsis npaj rau qhov ntau yam no |
| Dilute chloride, qis kub, tsis muaj crevice | 800 yuav txaus | 800's Ni cov ntsiab lus muab SCC tsis kam nyob rau hauv cov mob me me; pitting kev pheej hmoo yog tsawg yam tsis muaj crevices |
Ciam teb tseem ceeb ntawm NACE MR0175: Cov qauv no hais txog kev tiv thaiv sulfide kev ntxhov siab tawg thiab txiav txim siab cov khoom siv tau rau H₂S cov kev pabcuam. Nws tsis tsim pitting lossis crevice corrosion txwv. Cov ntaub ntawv teev nyob rau hauv MR0175 tsis tau txais "siab corrosion resistant" rau txhua yam qaub; nws txhais tau hais tias cov khoom ua tau raws li qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev sib tsoo tsis zoo nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem tau teev tseg. Rau 825 nyob rau hauv qaub brine nrog chloride siab, pitting kuj tseem nyob ntawm Mo cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov tseeb kub thiab chloride concentration. Nyob rau hauv high-chloride qaub kev pab cuam, MR0175 kev ua raws cai yog qhov pib taw tes, tsis ua tiav kev ntsuam xyuas corrosion.
Kev tsim khoom thiab kev xav txog kev yuav khoom
Ua Haujlwm Hardening thiab Machining
Alloy 825 thiab 800 ob leeg ua hauj lwm-harden sai dua austenitic stainless hlau. Rau 825 tshwj xeeb, tus nqi ua haujlwm-hardening me ntsis qis dua li cov qib austenitic stainless, tab sis kuj tseem muaj siab, thiab cov cuab yeej tsim yuav tsum muaj lub zog txaus los them rau cov txiaj ntsig muaj zog thaum lub sij hawm deformation. Hauv kev ua haujlwm machining, qhov chaw nyob lossis rub lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv qhov chaw hardens txheej txheej thiab ua kom cov cuab yeej hnav. Rau ib incoloy ib nrog nruj tolerances, xws li lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws uas yuav tsum tau flatness los yog ib tug threaded haum, lub machining ib theem zuj zus thiab cov cuab yeej txoj kev yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav tsis tsim nyog passes uas ua hauj lwm nto.
Qhov no tsis yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb theoretical rau nyias qhov chaw. Cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws hauv qab 1.5 hli tuab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam thaum cov tshuaj annealing lossis kev kho cua sov zaum kawg yog tias tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa zoo. Cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws loj tuaj yeem yuav tsum tau tswj cov cua txias kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm ntug. Cov no yog cov ntsiab lus fabrication uas yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus hais, tsis pom nyob rau hauv thawj tsab xov xwm tshuaj xyuas.
Nto tiav thiab nws cov nyhuv ntawm Corrosion Resistance
Pitting thiab crevice corrosion pib ntawm nto discontinuities: khawb, embedded hlau, tshav kub tint los ntawm vuam, thiab ntxhib machined nto. Rau 825 qhov chaw hauv cov kev pabcuam chloride, qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsej muag sealing thiab crevice-forming nto ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub neej kev pabcuam.
Lub tshuab ua tiav ntawm Ra ≤ 0.8 µm yog qhov zoo rau cov chaw corrosion-resistant dav dav. Electropolishing rau Ra ≤ 0.2 µm tej zaum yuav raug teev rau qhov tseem ceeb sealing nto nyob rau hauv kws tshuaj los yog high-purity chemical kev pab cuam, qhov twg ob qho tib si corrosion kuj thiab cleanability yuav tsum tau. Rau cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws hauv dej hiav txwv lossis cov kev pabcuam qaub, tshem tawm cov cua sov thiab ua kom lub ntsej muag huv si tom qab kev ua haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov ua tau raws li tus lej Ra tsawg.
Standard thiab Certification Checks
Thaum muas ib incoloy ib, daim ntawv pov thawj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas raws li UNS tus lej thiab cov qauv siv tau:
- alloy 825PIB: UNS N08825. Tube thiab yeeb nkab yuav raug teev rau ASTM B423 / ASME SB423. Bar thiab forged forms poob nyob rau hauv txawv specifications nyob ntawm seb cov khoom daim ntawv. Kev ua raws NACE MR0175 yuav tsum tau hais meej meej ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj yog tias xav tau kev pabcuam qaub.
- alloy 800UNS N08800 (los yog N08810 / N08811 rau 800H / 800HT). Cov qauv khoom sib txawv raws li daim ntawv; bar Tshuag, phaj, thiab forgings txhua tus muaj cais ASTM kev pab them nqi.
Lub vev xaib nplooj ntawv Incoloy cov khoom lag luam uas twb muaj lawm qhia txog kev muaj peev xwm hauv kev ua haujlwm Incoloy ntxhua khaub ncaws kom tau txais kev pom zoo thiab kev ua tiav. Rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv, xws li cov raj lossis cov khoom siv kev cai, cov khoom tsim muaj yuav tsum tau lees paub ncaj qha es tsis xav los ntawm nplooj ntawv ntxhua khaub ncaws.
FAQ
Puas yog Incoloy 825 ib txwm xaiv zoo dua rau kev pabcuam corrosive piv rau 800?
No. Alloy 825 yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua thaum cov kev pabcuam cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj chlorides, txo cov kua qaub, lossis roj qaub, vim tias nws cov Mo thiab Cu ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem no. Alloy 800 yog qhov tsim nyog zoo dua thiab kev lag luam ntau dua rau qhov kub-kub oxidizing lossis carburizing qhov chaw uas corrosion yog tsav los ntawm tshav kub es tsis yog aqueous chemistry. Siv 825 nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov kub-kub kub yuav ntxiv tus nqi yam tsis tau ntxiv kev ua haujlwm.
Incoloy 800 washers puas tuaj yeem siv hauv seawater flanges?
Tsis pom zoo. Seawater tsim cov kab mob ntawm lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag thiab cov tshuaj chloride uas txhawb nqa pitting. Alloy 800 muaj tsis txhob txwm molybdenum ntxiv, uas yog thawj alloying caij rau pitting kuj nyob rau hauv chloride media. Alloy 825 washers muab Mo cov ntsiab lus xav tau rau qhov kev pabcuam no.
NACE MR0175 kev pom zoo txhais tau li cas rau qhov Incoloy 825?
Nws txhais tau hais tias cov khoom ua tau raws li tus qauv yuav tsum tau ua rau kev tiv thaiv sulfide kev ntxhov siab tawg hauv H₂S-muaj ib puag ncig nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus qauv. Nws tsis lees paub qhov tsis kam rau pitting, crevice corrosion, lossis dav dav-tsis muaj corrosion. Ib feem tuaj yeem ua raws li MR0175 thiab tseem raug kev txom nyem pitting hauv high-chloride qaub brine yog tias Mo cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov chaw saum npoo tsis tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
Puas yog ASTM B423 npog Incoloy 825 ntxhua khaub ncaws?
No. ASTM B423 npog seamless yeeb nkab thiab raj hauv UNS N08825. Cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab lwm cov ntawv siv tshuab feem ntau yog yuav los ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj cov ntaub ntawv uas qhia txog UNS tus lej thiab tshuaj lom neeg tsis yog cov qauv tsim khoom rau cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws. Daim ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum lees paub N08825 chemistry thiab txhua qhov yuav tsum tau ua raws NACE.
Vim li cas qhov chaw ua tiav tseem ceeb rau qhov Incoloy hauv kev pabcuam chloride?
Pits pib ntawm qhov tsis xws luag nyob qhov twg chlorides mloog zoo thiab muaj cov pa oxygen txawv ntawm qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Ib qho ntxhib machined nto, tshav kub tint, los yog embedded txawv teb chaws hais tsim pib qhov chaw. Rau 825 nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv los yog qaub brine, qhia ib tug huv si, zoo passivated nto ntawm sealing thiab crevice-ntsib qhov chaw yog ib tug tswv yim txoj kev los txhawb lub alloy qhov inherent corrosion kuj.
Sib piv cov Alloy rau Kev Pabcuam
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm Incoloy 825 thiab 800 rau ib qho incoloy ib yuav tsum ua raws li qhov tseem ceeb degradation mechanism nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb kev pab cuam. Yog tias cov tshuaj chlorides, txo cov kua qaub, lossis H₂S tam sim no thiab ib feem yuav ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig aqueous lossis ntub dej, 825's molybdenum, tooj liab, thiab nickel cov ntsiab lus hais txog cov kev hem thawj tshwj xeeb. Yog hais tias daim ntawv thov yog kub-kub oxidation, carburization, los yog qhuav furnace kev pab cuam, 800 los yog nws ntau dua-lub zog variants yog cov tsim nyog tsev neeg.
Rau cov tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab cov khoom siv ua haujlwm hauv cov kev pabcuam corrosive, kev txiav txim siab xaiv yuav tsum suav nrog cov geometry crevice, nto tiav, thiab cov ntsiab lus fabrication uas txiav txim siab seb cov alloy ua tau raws li qhov xav tau. Ib daim ntawv pov thawj 825 lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws uas tsis zoo ua tiav tuaj yeem ua tsis tiav hauv cov kev pabcuam chloride ib yam li qhov ua tiav 800 lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv rau 825 qhov twg molybdenum xav tau.
Txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm Incoloy washer, suav nrog cov qib khoom siv, kev ua siab ntev, thiab kev xaiv ua tiav, mus saib nplooj ntawv Incoloy washer khoom. Rau ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshaj li lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, paub meej txog qhov kev tsim khoom tam sim no ncaj qha ua ntej qhia.
