Zigawo za Ikoloy Alloy: 825 vs 800 za Corrosive Service 

Pamene mainjiniya anena za gawo la incoloy pa mzere wowononga, kusankha pakati pa Aloyi 825 ndi Aloyi 800 nthawi zambiri sikukhala kuti ndi aloyi "yabwino". Ndi zomwe aloyi ikufanana ndi zochitika zenizeni zautumiki. Inkoloy 825 (UNS N08825) idapangidwa kuti ichepetse ma acid, media okhala ndi chloride, ndi malo a mpweya wowawasa. Inkoloy 800 (UNS N08800) idapangidwa kuti ikhale yamphamvu yotentha kwambiri komanso kukana kwa okosijeni, ndikuchita kwa dzimbiri pama media am'madzi ngati phindu lachiwiri. Kusokoneza ziwirizi kungayambitse mtengo wosafunikira kapena aloyi yomwe sagwirizana ndi zofunikira zautumiki.

Kuyerekezera uku kwalembedwera akatswiri opanga mankhwala, akunyanja, ndi osinthanitsa kutentha ndi ogula omwe amafunikira dongosolo losankhira, osati buku lazinthu zonse. Imayang'ana pamalingaliro azitsulo kumbuyo kwa aloyi iliyonse, gawo limapanga pomwe kusankha kuli kofunika kwambiri, komanso kupanga ndi kugula komwe kumatsimikizira ngati alloy yotchulidwayo imagwiradi ntchito.

Inkoloy 825 vs 800: Kusiyana kwa Positioning

Njira yosavuta yopangira kusiyana ndi iyi: Aloyi 825 ndi dzimbiri-choyamba; Alloy 800 ndi kutentha-choyamba.

Aloyi 825 ndi ya banja la Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu. Nickel yake imakhala mu 38-46%, ndikuwonjezera mwadala molybdenum (2.5-3.5%) ndi mkuwa (1.5-3.0%), kuphatikizapo kukhazikika kwa titaniyamu. Kuphatikiza uku kudapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi ma oxidizing ndi kuchepetsa zidulo, kukana kuwonongeka kwa chloride stress corrosion, komanso kulolera mikhalidwe yowawa yomwe ili ndi H₂S.

Aloyi 800 ndi aloyi ya Ni-Fe-Cr yokhala ndi faifi tambala pafupifupi 30–35% ndi 19–23% chromium, koma palibe dala molybdenum komanso palibe mkuwa. Mapangidwe ake ndi ntchito yotentha kwambiri: kukana kwa okosijeni, kukana kwa carburization, ndi mphamvu yakukwawa pamatenthedwe mpaka pafupifupi 593 ° C pagawo loyambira la 800, ndi 800H ndi 800HT kufalikira mopitilira apo. M'ma media owononga amadzimadzi opanda chloride kwambiri kapena kuchepetsa kuwonekera kwa asidi, 800 imachita mokwanira, koma kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri kumakhala kocheperako ndi kapangidwe.

Za a gawo la incoloy mu mzere wa mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito sulfuric acid ndi chloride, 825 ndiye ndondomeko yoyenera. Pa chithandizo cha ng'anjo kapena mphete yolumikizira kutentha kwambiri, 800 nthawi zambiri imakhala yabwino komanso yotsika mtengo. Chigamulocho chiyenera kutsata ndondomeko yowonongeka, osati mbiri ya alloy.

Mapangidwe ndi Kukaniza kwa Corrosion Resistance Mechanisms

Zomwe Nickel, Chromium, Molybdenum, ndi Copper Amachita

Kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa Aloyi 825 si chinthu chimodzi chokha. Kuphatikizika kulikonse kwa alloying kumatengera mtundu wina wolephera.

Nickel imapereka maziko a kukana kwa chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Mtundu wa nickel wa 38-46% mu 825 ndi wokwanira kukana chloride-ion SCC m'malo ambiri. Alloy 800's low low nickel content (30-35%) imaperekanso kukana kothandiza kwa SCC muzambiri zamadzi am'madzi, koma faifi yamtundu wapamwamba mu 825 imapereka mwayi wokulirapo mu ntchito yayikulu ya chloride.

Chromium imapanga filimu yotchedwa passive oxide yomwe imateteza kuzinthu zowonongeka monga nitric acid ndi salt oxidizing. Onse 800 ndi 825 amadalira chromium pa ntchitoyi, ndipo onse ali ndi pafupifupi 19–23.5% Cr.

Molybdenum ndi pamene ma alloys awiri amasiyana momveka bwino. 2.5-3.5% Mo mu 825 imathandizira kukana kutsekera ndi kugwa kwa dzimbiri, makamaka m'malo okhala ndi chloride. Aloyi 800 alibe kuwonjezera mwadala molybdenum. Kusowa kumeneku sikuli chilema mu mapangidwe a 800; zimangowonetsa kuti 800 sinapangidwe kuti ikhale yolimbana ndi chloride pitting resistance.

Mkuwa, womwe ulipo pa 1.5-3.0% mu 825, umagwira ntchito ndi molybdenum kukana kuchepetsa zidulo, makamaka sulfuric ndi phosphoric acid. Alloy 800 alibe kuwonjezera mkuwa. Mu ntchito yochepetsetsa ya sulfuric acid, 825 zamkuwa zamkuwa ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimafotokozedwera pomwe 800 sichingakhale.

Titaniyamu mu 825 imagwira ntchito ngati chokhazikitsira, kumangirira kaboni kuteteza mvula ya chromium carbide panthawi yowotcherera ndikuchepetsa kukhudzidwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake 825 akufotokozedwa kuti ali ndi kukana kwa intergranular dzimbiri mumkhalidwe wowotcherera.

Kodi 800's Kusowa kwa Mo ndi Cu Kumatanthauza Chiyani Pochita

Alloy 800 sayenera kutayidwa ngati "yosawonongeka pang'ono" muzochitika zilizonse. M'malo otentha kwambiri a oxidizing, 800's chromium content and nickel balance imapereka okosijeni wabwino kwambiri komanso kukana kwa carburization, chifukwa chake imakhalabe chinthu chokhazikika pazokonzanso ndi zida za ng'anjo. Aloyiyi imapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri kwamitundu yambiri yamadzi am'madzi ndipo imakana kupsinjika kwa dzimbiri m'malo ambiri.

Kuchepetsako kumawoneka ngati malo ogwirira ntchito akuphatikiza ma chloride kuphatikiza kuchepetsa asidi, kapena pamene kuphulika ndi kuphulika kwa ming'alu ndi zoopsa zodalirika. M'mikhalidwe imeneyi, kusowa kwa molybdenum kwa 800 kumasiya kukhala pachiwopsezo chakuukira komwe 825 idapangidwa kuti izikana. Ntchito yoyesera pazigawo zotenthetsera zokhala ndi chloride yayikulu (5,500 ppm Cl⁻) pakutentha kokwera zidapeza kuti Incoloy 800 idawonetsa dzimbiri pomwe Inkoloy 825 sinawonetse kuwononga kwakukulu pansi pamikhalidwe yomweyi. Umboni wofananitsa uwu, ngakhale wokhudzana ndi malo oyesera, umasonyeza zotsatira za kusiyana kwa zolembazo.

Za a gawo la incoloy mu chotenthetsera chotenthetsera madzi a m'nyanja, kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira. Madzi a m'nyanja amaphatikiza kloridi, kuchepetsa mikhalidwe yapanthawi ndi nthawi kuchokera ku zochitika zamoyo, ndi ming'alu ya ma flanges ndi machubu-to-tubesheet. Zomwe zili mu Alloy 825's Mo ndi Cu zimayang'anira njira izi. Aloyi 800 sichoncho.

Mafomu Odziwika a Inoloy Part ndi Zochitika Zogwiritsira Ntchito

Ma Ikoloy Washers ndi Fastener Components

Ochapira amakhala pamalo osakhululukidwa molumikizana ndi bolt: amapanikizidwa pakati pa malo awiri, ndikupanga mpata pomwe kuchepa kwa okosijeni ndi chloride kumathandizira kuukira. Muutumiki wokhala ndi chloride, zinthu za washer zimayenera kukana dzimbiri zonse komanso kuwonongeka kwa ming'alu pamene zikusungiratu.

Ma washers a alloy 825 ndiye njira yoyenera yolumikizirana ndi mpweya wowawasa, madzi a m'nyanja, ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito acid. Zomwe zili mu molybdenum zimapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi ming'alu zomwe 800 sizingafanane. Pakutentha kwambiri kwa gasi kapena ng'anjo komwe kulibe ma kloridi ndipo kukhazikika kwamafuta ndikofunikira, ma washer 800 amatha kuganiziridwa.

Mfundo imodzi yothandiza yochokera ku makina opangira makina: Ma aloyi a inkoloy amagwira ntchito molimba potembenuza ndi kulumikiza, ndipo kulimba kwa ntchito kwa 825 ndikokwera kwambiri ngakhale kuli kochepa kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic. Makina ochapira ochepa omwe ali pansi pa 1.5 mm amatha kupotoza panthawi ya kutentha pokhapokha atathandizidwa ndi kukonza koyenera. Kugubuduza ulusi m'malo mongogogoda nthawi zambiri kumakondedwa pakupanga makina ochapira muutumiki wa chloride, chifukwa kugogoda kumatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa shear komwe kumakhala malo oyambira kupsinjika kwa dzimbiri. Chidziwitso chotsimikizira: Chitsogozo chopangira ichi chikuwonetsa mchitidwe wamba wa makina a inkoloy alloys; magawo enieni ayenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi wopanga weniweni.

Magawo a Incoloy Tube ndi Heat Exchanger

ASTM B423 / ASME SB423 imakwirira chubu lopanda msoko komanso lozizira mu UNS N08825 kuti liziwononga. M'machubu osinthira kutentha, kusankha pakati pa 825 ndi 800 kumatsatira chemistry ya mbali ya chipolopolo kapena chubu.

Ngati mbali ya chubu imanyamula madzi ozizira okhala ndi ma chloride, kapena madzi amadzimadzi ali ndi ma acid ochepera, chubu la 825 limapereka chithandizo cha Mo ndi Cu chofunikira kuti mupewe kupindika ndi acid. Ngati ntchitoyo ndi yosintha kutentha kwambiri kapena ng'anjo ya pyrolysis pomwe kutentha kwachitsulo kumapitilira 600 ° C ndipo chilengedwe chimakhala chowuma kapena oxidizing, chubu la 800H kapena 800HT ndiye chisankho wamba.

Chochitika chapakati chikuyenera kuyang'aniridwa: zosinthira kutentha zokhala ndi kutentha kwapakati pa 400-500 ° C ndi ma chloride ochepa. Ngakhale aloyi ndi yankho lapadziko lonse pano. Lingaliro liyenera kuyatsa ngati ndende ya chloride ndi geometry ya crevice imapanga SCC yodalirika kapena chiwopsezo. Ngati inde, 825's apamwamba nickel ndi molybdenum amapereka malire achitetezo.

Ma Valve Dulani ndi Zida Zamakina

Ogwira ntchito m'mavavu amakumana ndi kukokoloka-kukokoloka, kuwonongeka kwa mitsetse pamalo otsekedwa, komanso muutumiki wowawasa, kuwonongeka kwa sulfide stress. Alloy 825 trim imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu acid ndi gasi wowawasa kutsitsa komwe kuphatikizika kwa Mo pokana kukana ndi Ni kwa SCC kukana ndikofunikira. Aloyi 800 siipezeka kawirikawiri mu ntchito yonyowa ya valve yonyowa koma imapezeka mu gasi wotentha kwambiri komanso ma valve a ng'anjo.

Chidziwitso chotsimikizira: Mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zikupezeka pa webusaitiyi ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa musanatanthauze kupezeka kwa ma valve trim kapena zina makina a inkoloy kupitirira ma washers. Ngati malo omwe akupereka pano akuyang'ana ma washers, gawoli liyenera kuwerengedwa ngati nkhani yogwiritsira ntchito m'malo motengera zomwe zimagulitsidwa.

Tebulo Lachigamulo: Mwa Pakati ndi Kutentha

Gome lotsatirali likugwirizanitsa malingaliro osankhidwa kukhala zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakumana nazo gawo la incoloy ogula. Imaganiza kuti gawolo ndi gawo lolimba kapena lopangidwa ndi makina (washer, chubu, cholumikizira, chodula) ndikuti chodetsa nkhawa chachikulu ndikudzimbirira kwamadzi pokhapokha zitadziwika.

Malire ofunikira pa NACE MR0175: Muyezo uwu umalimbana ndi kukana kupsinjika kwa sulfide ndikutanthauzira zida zovomerezeka pa ntchito yokhala ndi H₂S. Sichimakhazikitsa malire a pitting kapena ming'oma ya dzimbiri. Zomwe zalembedwa mu MR0175 sizimangokhala "zopanda dzimbiri" pazowawa zonse; zikutanthawuza kuti zinthuzo zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zokana kusweka mkati mwa muyezo womwe wafotokozedwa. Kwa 825 mu brine wowawasa wokhala ndi chloride wochuluka, kukana kwa pitting kumatengerabe zomwe zili ndi Mo komanso kutentha kwenikweni ndi kuchuluka kwa chloride. Muutumiki wowawasa kwambiri wa chloride, kutsata kwa MR0175 ndikoyambira, osati kuyesa kwathunthu kwa dzimbiri.

Malingaliro a Kupanga ndi Kugula

Kugwira ntchito molimbika ndi Machining

Aloyi 825 ndi 800 onse amagwira ntchito molimbika kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic. Kwa 825 makamaka, chiwongola dzanja chowumitsa ntchito ndi chocheperako kuposa magiredi osapanga dzimbiri a austenitic koma ndi okwera kwambiri, ndipo zida zopangira ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira kubweza kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu zokolola panthawi yopindika. Pamakina opangira, kukhala kapena kusisita chida pamwamba kumalimbitsa gawo lodulidwa ndikufulumizitsa kuvala kwa zida. Za a gawo la incoloy ndi zololera zolimba, monga chochapira chokhala ndi zofunikira zokhala ndi flatness kapena cholumikizira cha ulusi, kutsatizana kwa makina ndi njira ya zida ziyenera kupewa kupita kosafunika komwe kumagwira ntchito pamwamba.

Izi sizongoganizira za magawo oonda. Mawaya ochepera 1.5 mm makulidwe amatha kusokonekera panthawi yoyankhira kapena pochiza kutentha komaliza ngati sakuthandizidwa bwino. Makina ochapira okhala ndi mainchesi akulu angafunike kuziziritsa koyendetsedwa bwino kuti apewe kupindika m'mphepete. Izi ndizinthu zabodza zomwe ziyenera kukambidwa panthawi yowerengera, osapezeka pakuwunika koyamba.

Surface Finish ndi Zotsatira Zake pa Kukaniza kwa Corrosion

Kudzimbirira ndi kung'ambika kumayambira pamalo osapitilira: zokala, chitsulo chokhazikika, kutentha kwa kutentha kuchokera ku kuwotcherera, ndi malo omangika mwamphamvu. Pamagawo 825 a ntchito ya chloride, mawonekedwe a nkhope yosindikiza ndi malo opangira ming'alu amakhudza kwambiri moyo wautumiki.

Mapeto opangidwa ndi makina a Ra ≤ 0.8 µm ndiwofanana ndi malo osachita dzimbiri. Electropolishing to Ra ≤ 0.2 µm ikhoza kutchulidwa kuti ikhale yosindikizira kwambiri pamankhwala kapena ntchito yamankhwala yoyeretsedwa kwambiri, komwe kukana dzimbiri ndi kuyeretsa kumafunikira. Kwa ochapira m'madzi a m'nyanja kapena ntchito yowawasa, kuchotsa kutentha kwa kutentha ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pamakhala malo oyera, osasunthika pambuyo popanga makina ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kupeza nambala yotsika kwambiri ya Ra.

Macheke a Standard ndi Certification

Pogula an gawo la incoloy, satifiketi yakuthupi iyenera kutsimikiziridwa motsutsana ndi nambala ya UNS yomwe yatchulidwa ndi muyezo woyenera:

• Chithunzi cha 825Chithunzi cha UNS N08825. Chubu ndi chitoliro zitha kufotokozedwa ku ASTM B423 / ASME SB423. Ma bar ndi mafomu opangira amagwera mosiyanasiyana kutengera mawonekedwe azinthu. Kutsata kwa NACE MR0175 kuyenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino pa satifiketi ngati pakufunika kutero.
• Aloyi 800: UNS N08800 (kapena N08810/N08811 ya 800H/800HT). Miyezo yazogulitsa imasiyana malinga ndi mawonekedwe; bar stock, mbale, ndi forgings chilichonse chimakhala ndi ASTM yosiyana.

Tsamba latsamba la Incoloy washer latsambali likuwonetsa kuthekera kopanga makina ochapira a Incoloy kuti athe kulolerana komanso kumaliza kwapamwamba. Kwa mawonekedwe ena, monga chubu kapena zida zomangidwira, kuchuluka komwe kulipo kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa mwachindunji m'malo mongoganiziridwa kuchokera patsamba la washer.

FAQ

Kodi Incoloy 825 nthawi zonse ndi yabwino kusankha ntchito zowononga poyerekeza ndi 800?
No. Alloy 825 ndiye chisankho chabwinoko ngati ntchitoyo ikuphatikiza ma chloride, kuchepetsa ma acid, kapena gasi wowawasa, chifukwa zowonjezera zake za Mo ndi Cu zimayang'ana njirazo. Alloy 800 ndiyoyenera komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri pakutentha kwambiri kwa okosijeni kapena malo okhala ndi carburizing komwe dzimbiri zimayendetsedwa ndi kutentha m'malo mwa chemistry yamadzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito 825 mu ng'anjo yotentha kwambiri kumatha kuwonjezera mtengo popanda kuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito.

Kodi ma washer a Incoloy 800 angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madzi am'nyanja?
Osavomerezeka. Madzi a m'nyanja amapanga mikwingwirima pankhope za washer ndi milingo ya chloride yomwe imalimbikitsa kukhetsa. Aloyi 800 ilibe chowonjezera mwadala molybdenum, chomwe ndi chinthu choyambirira chothandizira kukana kwa chloride media. Alloy 825 washers amapereka zinthu za Mo zofunika pa ntchitoyi.

Kodi kuvomereza kwa NACE MR0175 kumatanthauza chiyani pa gawo la Inkoloy 825?
Zimatanthawuza kuti zinthuzo zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zimatsutsana ndi kupsinjika kwa sulfide m'madera omwe ali ndi H₂S mkati mwa chiwerengero chofotokozedwa cha muyezo. Simatsimikizira kukana kwa pitting, kuwonongeka kwa ming'alu, kapena kuwonongeka kwa thupi lonse. Gawo likhoza kukhala logwirizana ndi MR0175 ndikuvutikabe ndi brine wowawasa kwambiri wa chloride ngati zomwe zili ndi Mo ndi mawonekedwe apansi sali oyenera pamikhalidweyo.

Kodi ASTM B423 imaphimba ma washer a Incoloy 825?
No. ASTM B423 imakwirira chitoliro chopanda msoko ndi chubu mu UNS N08825. Washers ndi mafomu ena opangidwa ndi makina nthawi zambiri amagulidwa motsutsana ndi chiphaso chosonyeza nambala ya UNS ndi chemistry m'malo motengera mtundu wazinthu zochapira. Satifiketi iyenera kutsimikizira chemistry ya N08825 ndi kutsata kulikonse kofunikira kwa NACE.

Chifukwa chiyani kumaliza kwapamwamba kuli kofunikira pa gawo la Inkoloy mu ntchito ya chloride?
Maenje amayamba paziwopsezo zapamtunda pomwe ma chloride amakhazikika komanso kupezeka kwa okosijeni kumasiyana ndi malo ochulukirapo. Pamwamba pawokha, kutentha, kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timapanga malo oyamba. Kwa 825 m'madzi a m'nyanja kapena brine wowawasa, kutchula malo oyera, odutsa bwino pamalo osindikizira ndi oyang'ana paming'alu ndi njira yothandiza yothandizira kukana dzimbiri kwa alloy.

Kufananiza Aloyi ndi Utumiki

Kusankha pakati pa Incoloy 825 ndi 800 pa gawo la incoloy ayenera kutsatira njira yowononga kwambiri m'malo ogwirira ntchito. Ngati ma chloride, kuchepetsa ma acid, kapena H₂S alipo ndipo gawolo lidzagwira ntchito m'malo amadzi kapena amadzi, 825's molybdenum, mkuwa, ndi nickel zili ndi ziwopsezo zenizenizo. Ngati ntchitoyo ndi yotenthetsera kwambiri oxidation, carburization, kapena ng'anjo youma, 800 kapena mitundu yake yamphamvu kwambiri ndiyo banja loyenera.

Kwa ma washer ndi zida zamakina zomwe zimagwira ntchito zowonongeka, chisankhocho chiyeneranso kuwerengera za geometry ya crevice, kumaliza kwa pamwamba, ndi tsatanetsatane wa kupanga zomwe zimatsimikizira ngati alloy yomwe yatchulidwayo ikugwira ntchito monga momwe amafunira. Makina ochapira ovomerezeka a 825 okhala ndi utsi wosakwanira amatha kulephera kugwira ntchito ya chloride monga momwe makina ochapira 800 omalizidwa bwino sangalowe m'malo mwa 825 pomwe molybdenum ikufunika.

Kuti muwone zomwe zilipo za Incoloy washer, kuphatikiza magiredi akuthupi, kulolerana, ndi zosankha zapamtunda, pitani patsamba la Inkoloy washer. Pama fomu opitilira ma washer, tsimikizirani kuchuluka kwazomwe mukupangira musanatchule.