Izingxenye ze-Incoloy Alloy: 825 vs 800 zesevisi eCorrosive 

Lapho unjiniyela ecacisa i ingxenye ye-incoloy emgqeni ogqwalile, ukukhetha phakathi kwe-Alloy 825 ne-Alloy 800 akuvamile ukuthi iyiphi ingxubevange "engcono." Imayelana nokuthi iyiphi i-alloy efana nezimo zangempela zesevisi. I-Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825) yakhelwe ukwehlisa ama-asidi, imidiya ephethe i-chloride, kanye nezindawo zegesi emuncu. I-Incoloy 800 (UNS N08800) yakhelwe amandla ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokumelana ne-oxidation, nokusebenza kokugqwala kumidiya enamanzi njengenzuzo yesibili. Ukudideka kokubili kungaholela ezindlekweni ezingadingekile noma ingxubevange engahambisani nezidingo zesevisi.

Lesi siqhathaniso sibhalelwe onjiniyela bekhemikhali, abasogwini, kanye nabashintshisi ukushisa kanye nabathengi abadinga uhlaka olusebenzayo lokukhetha, hhayi incwadi yezinto zokwakha ebanzi. Igxila kumqondo we-metallurgical ngemuva kwengxubevange ngayinye, ingxenye yakha lapho ukukhetha kubaluleke kakhulu, kanye nokwakhiwa nokuthenga amaphuzu anquma ukuthi ingxubevange eshiwo iyasebenza ngempela yini enkonzweni.

I-Incoloy 825 vs 800: Umehluko Wendawo

Indlela elula yokubeka umehluko yilena: I-alloy 825 i-corrosion-first; I-alloy 800 iqala ukushisa.

I-alloy 825 ingeyomndeni wakwaNi-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu. Okuqukethwe kwayo kwe-nickel kuhlala ku-38-46% ububanzi, nokwengezwa ngamabomu kwe-molybdenum (2.5-3.5%) nethusi (1.5-3.0%), kanye nokuqiniswa kwe-titanium. Le nhlanganisela yakhelwe ukuphatha kokubili i-oxidizing nokunciphisa ama-acids, ukumelana ne-chloride stress corrosion cracking, nokubekezelela izimo zesevisi ezimuncu eziqukethe i-H₂S.

I-alloy 800 iyingxubevange ye-Ni-Fe-Cr ene-nickel ecishe ibe ngu-30–35% kanye ne-chromium engu-19–23%, kodwa ayikho i-molybdenum yamabomu futhi ayifakwa ngethusi. Inhloso yayo yokuklama isevisi yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu: ukumelana ne-oxidation, ukumelana ne-carburization, namandla okukhuphuka emazingeni okushisa afika cishe ku-593°C ebangeni elingu-800 lesisekelo, ne-800H kanye ne-800HT enweba lolo bubanzi ngokuqhubekayo. Kumithombo ye-aqueous corrosive ngaphandle kwe-chloride eqinile noma ukunciphisa ukuchayeka kwe-asidi, i-800 yenza ngokwanele, kodwa ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kuncane ngokuklama.

Okwe- ingxenye ye-incoloy emgqeni wenqubo yamakhemikhali ophatha i-sulfuric acid ngama-chloride, i-825 iyincazelo efanele. Ukuze uthole ukusekelwa kwesithando somlilo noma indandatho yokuxhuma yokushisa okuphezulu, i-800 ivame ukukhetha okufaneleka kakhulu nokonga. Isinqumo kufanele silandele indlela ebusayo yokucekela phansi, hhayi isithunzi esijwayelekile se-alloy.

Izindlela Zokumelana Nokwakheka Nokugqwala

Yini eyenziwa yi-Nickel, i-Chromium, i-Molybdenum, ne-Copper

Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-Alloy 825 akuwona umphumela wesici esisodwa. Isengezo ngasinye se-alloying sikhuluma nemodi ethile yokwehluleka.

I-Nickel inikeza isisekelo sokumelana ne-chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Ibanga le-nickel elingu-38–46% ku-825 lanele ukumelana ne-chloride-ion SCC ezindaweni eziningi. Okuqukethwe kwe-nickel ephansi kwe-alloy 800 (30–35%) nakho kunikeza ukumelana ne-SCC okuwusizo emithonjeni eminingi yamanzi, kodwa i-nickel ephakeme ku-825 inikeza umkhawulo obanzi kusevisi ye-chloride eqinile.

I-Chromium yakha ifilimu ye-passive oxide evikela emithonjeni ye-oxidizing efana ne-nitric acid nosawoti oxidizing. Kokubili okungu-800 no-825 kuncike ku-chromium kulo msebenzi, futhi kokubili kuqukethe cishe u-19–23.5% Cr.

I-Molybdenum yilapho ama-alloys amabili ehlukana khona ngokucacile. I-2.5–3.5% Mo ku-825 ithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwemigodi nokuqhekeka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezine-chloride. Ingxubevange 800 ayinakho ukungezwa kwe-molybdenum ngamabomu. Lokhu kungabikho akulona iphutha ekwakhiweni kwama-800; imane ibonise ukuthi i-800 ayizange yakhelwe ukumelana ne-chloride pitting.

I-Copper, ekhona ku-1.5-3.0% ku-825, isebenza ne-molybdenum ukumelana nokunciphisa ama-acids, ikakhulukazi i-sulfuric ne-phosphoric acid. I-alloy 800 ayiqukethe ithusi. Kusevisi ye-sulfuric acid ehlanjululwayo, okuqukethwe kwethusi kwe-825 kuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kucaciswe lapho u-800 engeke abe khona.

I-Titanium ku-825 isebenza njengesizinzisi, ibopha ikhabhoni ukuze ivikele imvula ye-chromium carbide ngesikhathi sokushisela kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi bokuzwela. Yingakho i-825 ichazwa njengokumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular esimweni esinama-welded.

Kusho Ukushoda Kwe-Mo ne-Cu Kwama-800 Ekusebenziseni

I-alloy 800 akumele ikhishwe ngokuthi "imelana nokugqwala kancane" kuwo wonke umongo. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu e-oxidizing atmosphere, okuqukethwe kwe-chromium ye-800 kanye nebhalansi ye-nickel kunikeza i-oxidation enhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana ne-carburization, yingakho ihlala iyinto evamile yezingxenye ze-reformer nezithando zomlilo. I-alloy inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuvamile emithonjeni eminingi yamanzi futhi imelana nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi ezindaweni eziningi.

Umkhawulo uvela lapho indawo yesevisi ihlanganisa ama-chloride kanye ne-asidi encishiswayo, noma lapho ukugqwala kwemigodi nokuqhekeka kuyizinsongo ezikholakalayo. Kulezo zimo, ukuntuleka kwe-molybdenum kwama-800 kushiya kube sengozini yokuhlaselwa kwendawo lapho i-825 yakhelwe ukumelana nayo. Umsebenzi wokuhlola ezigabeni zokushisa kuqala ezinokugxiliswa kwe-chloride ephezulu (5,500 ppm Cl⁻) ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme uthole ukuthi i-Incoloy 800 ibonise ukugqwala komgodi kuyilapho i-Incoloy 825 ingabonisi ukugqwala okubalulekile kwendawo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo. Lolu hlobo lobufakazi bokuqhathanisa, kuyilapho bucaciswe endaweni yokuhlola, lubonisa umphumela ongokoqobo womehluko wokuqanjwa.

Okwe- ingxenye ye-incoloy endaweni yokushisa epholile emanzini olwandle, lo mehluko ubalulekile. Amanzi olwandle ahlanganisa i-chloride, izimo ezinciphisa ngezikhathi ezithile kusukela ezenzweni zebhayoloji, kanye nemifantu kuma-flange namajoyinti eshubhu kuya ku-tubeshi. Okuqukethwe kwe-Alloy 825 kwe-Mo ne-Cu kubhekana ngqo nalezi zindlela. I-alloy 800 ayifuni.

Amafomu Engxenye Ye-Incoloy Evamile Nezimo Zokusebenza

I-Incoloy Washers kanye ne-Fastener Components

Amawasha ahlala endaweni engathetheleli ikakhulukazi endaweni ehlangene ebolted: acindezelwa phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili, okudala umgodi lapho ukuncipha komoyampilo nokugcwala kwe-chloride kungasheshisa ukuhlasela. Kusevisi ephethe i-chloride, impahla yewasha kufanele imelane nokugqwala okujwayelekile kanye nokugqwala kokuqhekeka ngenkathi igcina ukulayishwa kuqala.

Amawasha e-alloy 825 ayizicaciso ezifanele zokuxhuma okune-flanged kugesi omuncu, amanzi olwandle, nezinhlelo zokubamba i-asidi. Okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum kunikeza ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-pitting kanye nokuqhekeka okungama-800 angeke afane. Ngokusetshenziswa kwegesi yokushisa ephezulu noma yesithando somlilo lapho i-chloride ingekho futhi ukuzinza kwe-thermal kubaluleke kakhulu, amawasha angama-800 angacatshangelwa.

Inothi elilodwa elisebenzayo elivela kokuhlangenwe nakho komshini: Ama-Incoloy alloys asebenza kanzima ngesikhathi sokuphenduka nokuhlanganisa, futhi izinga lokuqina komsebenzi lika-825 liphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nakuba liphansi kancane kunezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic ezivamile. Amawasha azacile angaphansi kokulinganiselwa ku-1.5 mm angahlanekezela ngesikhathi sokwelapha ukushisa ngaphandle kwalapho asekelwa ukulungiswa okufanele. Ukugingqa uchungechunge kunokuthepha kuvame ukuncanyelwa kumadizayini wewasha anentambo kusevisi ye-chloride, ngoba ukuthepha kungethula umonakalo wokusheya ongaphansi komhlaba okuba indawo yokuqala yokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi. Inothi lokuqinisekisa: Lesi siqondiso sokwenziwa sibonisa inkambiso evamile yokwenza ama-Incoloy alloys; amapharamitha athile kufanele aqinisekiswe nomkhiqizi wangempela.

Izingxenye ze-Incoloy Tube kanye ne-Heat Exchanger

I-ASTM B423 / ASME SB423 imboza ishubhu engenamthungo nebandayo ku-UNS N08825 ukuze uthole isevisi egqwalile. Kushubhu wokushintshanisa ukushisa, ukukhetha phakathi kuka-825 no-800 ngokuvamile kulandela ikhemistri yohlangothi lwegobolondo noma yeshubhu.

Uma uhlangothi lweshubhu luphethe amanzi okupholisa ane-chloride, noma uketshezi lwenqubo luqukethe ama-acids anciphisa, ishubhu engu-825 inikeza umnikelo we-Mo ne-Cu odingekayo ukuze umelane ne-pitting kanye nokuhlaselwa kwe-asidi. Uma uhlelo lokusebenza kuyi-high-temperature reformer noma i-pyrolysis furnace lapho izinga lokushisa lensimbi lingaphezu kuka-600°C futhi imvelo yomile noma i-oxidizing, ishubhu engu-800H noma engu-800HT iyindlela evamile.

Isimo esimaphakathi nebanga sidinga ukunakwa: izishintshisi zokushisa ezinamazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-400–500°C namazinga e-chloride amaphakathi. Ayikho ingxubevange eyimpendulo yendawo yonke lapha. Isinqumo kufanele sivule ukuthi ukugxiliswa kwe-chloride kanye ne-geometry eqhekekile kudala i-SCC ethembekile noma ubungozi bomgodi. Uma kunjalo, okuqukethwe kwe-nickel ephezulu kwe-825 kanye ne-molybdenum kunikeza imajini yokuphepha ebanzi.

I-Valve Trim kanye Nezingxenye Zomshini

Abangaphakathi kwevalvu bathola ukuguguleka-ukuguguleka, ukuhlaselwa kwemifantu ezindaweni ezivaliwe, futhi enkonzweni emuncu, ukuqhekeka kwe-sulfide stress. I-alloy 825 trim isetshenziswa kusevisi yokwehlisa i-asidi negesi emuncu lapho inhlanganisela ye-Mo yokumelana nomgodi kanye ne-Ni yokumelana ne-SCC ifanelekile. I-alloy 800 ayijwayelekile kakhulu kusevisi yevalvu egqwalayo emanzi kodwa ivela kugesi we-flue wokushisa okushisa ophezulu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zevalvu yesithando somlilo.

Inothi lokuqinisekisa: Ibanga lomkhiqizo elitholakala kuwebhusayithi kufanele liqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokusikisela ukutholakala kwe-valve trim noma okunye izingxenye ze-Incoloy ezenziwe ngomshini ngaphandle kwama-washers. Uma ukunikezwa kwamanje kwesayithi kugxile kumawasha, lesi sigaba kufanele sifundwe njengomongo wohlelo lokusebenza kunesimangalo somkhiqizo.

Ithebula Lesinqumo Lokukhetha: Ngokwe-Medium kanye Nezinga Lokushisa

Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa ingqondo yokukhetha ibe yizimo ezivamise ukubhekana nazo ingxenye ye-incoloy abathengi. Ithatha ingxenye iyingxenye eqinile noma eyenziwe ngomshini (iwasha, ishubhu, ukufakwa, ukunquma) nokuthi okukhathazayo okuyinhloko ukugqwala okunamandla ngaphandle uma kuphawulwe ngenye indlela.

Umngcele obalulekile ku-NACE MR0175: Leli zinga likhuluma ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwengcindezi ye-sulfide futhi lichaza izinto ezamukelekayo kusevisi equkethe i-H₂S. Ayisunguli imikhawulo ye-pitting noma yokugqwala kwemifantu. Into ebhalwe ku-MR0175 “ayikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala” ngokuzenzakalelayo kuzo zonke izimo ezimuncu; kusho ukuthi impahla ihlangabezana nezidingo zokumelana nokuqhekeka ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuchaziwe bezinga. Ku-825 ku-brine emuncu ene-chloride ephezulu, ukumelana ne-pitting kusancika kokuqukethwe kwe-Mo kanye nezinga lokushisa langempela kanye nokugxila kwe-chloride. Kusevisi ye-high-chloride emuncu, ukuthobela i-MR0175 kuyisiqalo, hhayi ukuhlola okuphelele kokugqwala.

Ukucatshangelwa Kokwenziwa Nokuthenga

Ukusebenza kanzima kanye Machining

I-alloy 825 kanye ne-800 zombili zisebenza kanzima ngokushesha kunezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic. Ku-825 ngokuqondile, izinga lokuqina komsebenzi liphansi ngandlela-thile kunamamaki angenasici e-austenitic avamile kodwa lisephezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi okokusebenza kokwakha kufanele kunikezwe amandla anele ukunxephezela ukukhuphuka kwamandla esivuno ngesikhathi sokuguquguquka. Emisebenzini yomshini, ukuhlala noma ukuhlikihla ithuluzi ebusweni kwenza ungqimba olusikiwe lube lukhuni futhi kusheshise ukuguga kwamathuluzi. Okwe- ingxenye ye-incoloy enokubekezelela okuqinile, okufana newasha enezidingo zokucaba noma ukufaka intambo, ukulandelana komshini nendlela yamathuluzi kufanele kugweme ukudlula okungadingekile okusebenza ngaphezulu.

Lokhu akukhona ukukhathazeka kwethiyori ngezingxenye ezincane. Amawasha angaphansi kuka-1.5 mm ukujiya angahlanekezela ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwesisombululo noma ukwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina uma engasekelwe kahle. Amawasha anobubanzi obukhulu angase adinge amazinga okupholisa alawulwayo ukuze agweme ukungqubuzana komkhawulo. Lena imininingwane yokwenziwa okufanele kuxoxwe ngayo esigabeni sokucaphuna, engatholwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesihloko sokuqala.

I-Surface Finish kanye Nomphumela Wayo Ekumelaneni Nokugqwala

Ukugqwala kwemigodi nokuqhekeka kuqala lapho kungaqhubi khona: imihuzuko, insimbi eshunyekiwe, i-tint yokushisa evela ekushiseleni, nezindawo ezinomshini omahhadlahhadla. Ezingxenyeni ezingu-825 zesevisi ye-chloride, isimo esingaphezulu sobuso obuvaliwe kanye nezindawo ezakha imifantu kuthinta ngqo impilo yesevisi.

Ukuqedwa komshini kwe-Ra ≤ 0.8 µm kuvamile ezindaweni ezijwayelekile ezimelana nokugqwala. Ukufakwa kwe-electropolishing ku-Ra ≤ 0.2 µm kungase kucaciswe ezindaweni ezibucayi zokuvala kusevisi yekhemikhali noma ahlanzeke kakhulu, lapho kudingeka kokubili ukumelana nokugqwala nokuhlanzeka. Kumawasha emanzini olwandle noma kusevisi emuncu, ukususa i-tint yokushisa nokuqinisekisa indawo ehlanzekile, engenzi lutho ngemva komshini kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuthola inombolo ye-Ra ephansi kakhulu.

Ukuhlola Okujwayelekile Nokuqinisekisa

Lapho uthenga i ingxenye ye-incoloy, isitifiketi esibalulekile kufanele siqinisekiswe ngenombolo eshiwo ye-UNS nezinga elisebenzayo:

• Ingxubevange 825I-UNS N08825. Ishubhu nepayipi kungase kucaciswe ku-ASTM B423 / ASME SB423. Ibha kanye namafomu omgunyathi awela ngaphansi kokucaciswa okuhlukene kuye ngefomu lomkhiqizo. Ukuthobela i-NACE MR0175 kufanele kubekwe ngokucacile esitifiketini uma kudingeka isevisi emuncu.
• Ingxubevange 800: UNS N08800 (noma i-N08810/N08811 ye-800H/800HT). Izindinganiso zomkhiqizo ziyahlukahluka ngokwefomu; I-bar stock, ipuleti, kanye ne-forging ngayinye inokufakwa okuhlukile kwe-ASTM.

Ikhasi lomkhiqizo lewebhusayithi elikhona le-Incoloy washer libonisa amandla okwenza amawasha e-Incoloy ukuze abekezelele okuthile kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo. Kwamanye amafomu, afana neshubhu noma izingxenye zomshini ngokwezifiso, ububanzi bokukhiqiza obutholakalayo kufanele buqinisekiswe ngokuqondile kunokuba kuthathwe ekhasini lewasha.

FAQ

Ingabe i-Incoloy 825 ihlale iyinketho engcono kakhulu yesevisi edlayo uma iqhathaniswa ne-800?
Cha. I-Alloy 825 iyinketho engcono uma isevisi ihlanganisa ama-chloride, ama-acids ancishisiwe, noma igesi emuncu, ngoba izengezo zayo ze-Mo ne-Cu ziqondise lezo zindlela. Ingxubevange 800 ifaneleka kangcono futhi iyonga kakhulu endaweni enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ye-oxidizing noma indawo yokungcwaba lapho ukugqwala kuqhutshwa ukushisa kunekhemikhali enamanzi. Ukusebenzisa i-825 ohlelweni lomlilo olushisa kakhulu kungangeza izindleko ngaphandle kokwengeza ukusebenza.

Ingabe amawasha e-Incoloy 800 angasetshenziswa emanzini olwandle?
Akunconyiwe. Amanzi olwandle adala izimo zokuqhekeka ebusweni bewasha kanye namazinga e-chloride akhuthaza ukugoba. I-alloy 800 ayinakho ukungezwa kwe-molybdenum ngamabomu, okuyingxenye eyinhloko ye-alloying yokumelana nomgodi kumidiya ye-chloride. Amawasha e-alloy 825 ahlinzeka ngokuqukethwe kwe-Mo okudingekayo kule sevisi.

Kusho ukuthini ukugunyazwa kwe-NACE MR0175 ngengxenye ye-Incoloy 825?
Kusho ukuthi okokusebenza kuhlangabezana nezimfuneko ezijwayelekile zokumelana nokuqhekeka kwengcindezi ye-sulfide ezindaweni eziqukethe i-H₂S ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuchaziwe bezinga. Ayikuqinisekisi ukumelana ne-pitting, ukugqwala kwemifantu, noma ukugqwala kokwehla kwesisindo okuvamile. Ingxenye ingase ihambisane ne-MR0175 futhi isalokhu ihlushwa umgodi ku-high-chloride sour brine uma okuqukethwe kwe-Mo nesimo esingaphezulu kungafanele ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

Ingabe i-ASTM B423 imboza amawasha e-Incoloy 825?
Cha. I-ASTM B423 ihlanganisa ipayipi elingenamthungo neshubhu ku-UNS N08825. Amawasha namanye amafomu enziwe ngomshini ngokuvamile athengwa ngokumelene nesitifiketi esibalulekile esibonisa inombolo ye-UNS kanye nekhemistri kunezinga lomkhiqizo lefomu lamawasha. Isitifiketi kufanele siqinisekise i-N08825 chemistry kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuthobela kwe-NACE okudingekayo.

Kungani i-surface finish ibalulekile ngengxenye ye-Incoloy kusevisi ye-chloride?
Imigodi iqala lapho kuneziphambeko lapho i-chloride igxila khona kanye nokutholakala komoyampilo kuhluka endaweni ezungezile ngobuningi. Indawo esebenza kanzima, i-shit tint, noma izinhlayiya zangaphandle ezishunyekiwe zakha amasayithi okuqalisa. Kuma-825 emanzini olwandle noma kumanzi amuncu, ukucacisa indawo ehlanzekile, endlulwe kahle endaweni evalekile futhi ebheke emifantwini kuyindlela esebenzayo yokusekela ukumelana nokugqwala kwengxubevange.

Ukufanisa Ingxubevange Nesevisi

Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-Incoloy 825 kanye ne-800 ye- ingxenye ye-incoloy kufanele ilandele indlela ebusayo yokwehlisa isithunzi endaweni yesevisi yangempela. Uma ama-chloride, ama-acids anciphisayo, noma ama-H₂S ekhona futhi ingxenye izosebenza endaweni enamanzi noma emanzi, i-825's molybdenum, ithusi, ne-nickel okuqukethwe kubhekana nalezo zinsongo ezithile. Uma uhlelo lokusebenza kuyi-oxidation yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, i-carburization, noma isevisi yesithando somlilo esomile, ama-800 noma okuhlukile kwawo okunamandla aphezulu kuwumndeni ofanelekile.

Kumawasha nezinto ezenziwe ngomshini kusevisi ebolayo, isinqumo sokukhetha kufanele sibhekelele i-crevice geometry, indawo engaphezulu, kanye nemininingwane yokwenziwa enquma ukuthi ingxubevange eshiwo isebenza ngendlela ehlosiwe. Iwasha engu-825 eqinisekisiwe enendawo engasebenzi kahle ingahluleka enkonzweni ye-chloride njengoba nje newasha eqedwe kahle engu-800 ingeke ithathe indawo ye-825 lapho kudingeka khona i-molybdenum.

Ukuze ubuyekeze ukucaciswa okutholakalayo kwe-Incoloy washer, okuhlanganisa amamaki wezinto ezibonakalayo, ukubekezelelana, nezinketho zokuqeda phezulu, vakashela ikhasi lomkhiqizo we-Incoloy washer. Engxenyeni yamafomu angaphezu kwamawasha, qinisekisa ububanzi bamanje bokukhiqiza ngokuqondile ngaphambi kokucacisa.