Iyo injeniyeri agaragaje an igice kumurongo wangirika, guhitamo hagati ya Alloy 825 na Alloy 800 ni gake cyane kubyerekeye amavuta "meza." Nibijyanye na alloy ihuye na serivise nyayo. Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825) yagenewe kugabanya aside, itangazamakuru rya chloride, hamwe na gaze ya gaz. Incoloy 800 (UNS N08800) yagenewe imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru no kurwanya okiside, hamwe no kwangirika mubitangazamakuru byo mumazi nkinyungu ya kabiri. Kwitiranya byombi birashobora kuganisha kubiciro bitari ngombwa cyangwa ibivanze bidahuye nibisabwa na serivisi.
Iri gereranya ryanditswe kubushakashatsi bwa chimique, offshore, nubushyuhe bwo guhinduranya ubushyuhe hamwe nabaguzi bakeneye uburyo bwo gutoranya bufatika, ntabwo ari igitabo cyuzuye. Yibanze kuri logique ya metallurgiki inyuma ya buri kivunge, igice kigizwe aho guhitamo bifite akamaro kanini, hamwe no guhimba no kugura ingingo zerekana niba koko amavuta avanze akora muri serivisi.
Incoloy 825 vs 800: Itandukaniro ryimyanya
Inzira yoroshye yo gutandukanya itandukaniro niyi: Alloy 825 ni ruswa-yambere; Alloy 800 nubushyuhe-bwambere.
Alloy 825 ni iyumuryango wa Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu. Ibigize nikel bicaye hagati ya 38-46%, hiyongereyeho molybdenum nkana (2,5-3,5%) n'umuringa (1.5-3.0%), hiyongereyeho na titanium. Ihuriro ryashyizweho kugirango rikemure okiside no kugabanya aside, kurwanya chloride ihangayikishijwe no kwangirika, no kwihanganira serivisi zisharira zirimo H₂S.
Alloy 800 ni Ni-Fe-Cr ivanze na nikel hafi 30-35% na chromium 19-23%, ariko nta molybdenum yabigambiriye kandi nta kongeramo umuringa. Igishushanyo mbonera cyayo ni serivisi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru: kurwanya okiside, kurwanya karburisiyumu, hamwe nimbaraga zikururuka ku bushyuhe bugera kuri 593 ° C ku cyiciro cya 800, hamwe na 800H na 800HT bikagura intera. Mu bitangazamakuru byangirika byamazi bidafite chloride ikabije cyangwa bigabanya aside, 800 ikora bihagije, ariko kurwanya kwangirika kwayo kugufi kubishushanyo mbonera.
Kuri an igice mumurongo wimiti ikora acide sulfurike hamwe na chloride, 825 nigisobanuro gikwiye. Kubufasha bwitanura cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buhuza impeta, 800 akenshi nibyiza guhitamo kandi byubukungu. Icyemezo kigomba gukurikiza uburyo bwiganje bwo gutesha agaciro, ntabwo ari rusange muri rusange.
Uburyo bwo Kurwanya Ruswa
Ibyo Nickel, Chromium, Molybdenum, na Muringa Bikora
Kurwanya ruswa ya Alloy 825 ntabwo ari ikintu kimwe. Buri kongeramo kongeramo gukemura uburyo bwihariye bwo gutsindwa.
Nickel itanga umusingi wo kurwanya chloride ihungabana (SCC). Nikel ya 38-46% muri 825 irahagije kugirango irwanye chloride-ion SCC mubidukikije byinshi. Alloy 800 yo munsi ya nikel yo hasi (30-35%) nayo itanga imbaraga zingirakamaro za SCC mubitangazamakuru byinshi byamazi, ariko nikel yo hejuru muri 825 itanga intera nini muri serivisi ya chloride ikomeye.
Chromium ikora firime ya paside ya paside irinda okiside itangazamakuru nka acide ya nitric na okiside. Byombi 800 na 825 bishingikiriza kuri chromium kuriyi mikorere, kandi byombi birimo hafi 19-23.5%.
Molybdenum niho ibinyobwa byombi bitandukana neza. 2,5-3,5% Mo muri 825 byongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ibibyimba no kwangirika, cyane cyane mubidukikije byitwa chloride. Alloy 800 ntabwo irimo molybdenum yabigambiriye. Uku kubura ntabwo ari inenge mubishushanyo 800; irerekana gusa ko 800 itakozwe kugirango irwanye chloride.
Umuringa, uboneka kuri 1.5-3.0% muri 825, ukorana na molybdenum kugirango wirinde kugabanya aside, cyane cyane aside sulfurike na fosifori. Alloy 800 ntabwo yongeyeho umuringa. Muri serivise ya acide sulfurike, 825 yibigize umuringa nimpamvu yibanze isobanurwa aho 800 itari.
Titanium muri 825 ikora nka stabilisateur, guhambira karubone kugirango hirindwe imvura ya chromium karbide mugihe cyo gusudira no kugabanya ibyago byo gukangurira. Niyo mpamvu 825 isobanurwa ko ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa hagati yimiterere ya asuderi.
Niki 800 Kubura Mo na Cu bivuze mubikorwa
Alloy 800 ntigomba gusezererwa nk "" irwanya ruswa nke "muri buri gice. Mubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa okiside ikirere, 800 ya chromium hamwe nuburinganire bwa nikel bitanga okiside nziza hamwe na karburizasi nziza, niyo mpamvu ikomeje kuba ibikoresho bisanzwe kubivugurura hamwe nitanura. Umuti utanga ruswa muri rusange kubitangazamakuru byinshi byamazi kandi birwanya ihungabana ryangirika ahantu henshi.
Intambamyi igaragara mugihe ibidukikije bya serivisi birimo chloride wongeyeho kugabanya aside, cyangwa mugihe cyo gutobora no kwangirika kwangirika ari iterabwoba ryizewe. Muri ibyo bihe, kubura 800 kwa molybdenum bituma hashobora kwibasirwa nigitero cyaho 825 yagenewe kurwanya. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku bice byo gushyushya hamwe na chloride nyinshi (5.500 ppm Cl⁻) ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwerekanye ko Incoloy 800 yerekanye ruswa yangiritse mu gihe Incoloy 825 yerekanaga ko nta ruswa igaragara mu bihe bimwe. Ubu bwoko bwibimenyetso bigereranya, nubwo bwihariye bwibizamini, byerekana ingaruka zifatika zo gutandukanya ibice.
Kuri an igice mumazi yo mu nyanja akonjesha ubushyuhe, iri tandukaniro rifite akamaro. Amazi yo mu nyanja ahuza chloride, rimwe na rimwe igabanya ibihe bivuye mu binyabuzima, hamwe n’imigezi kuri flanges hamwe na tube-to-tubesheet. Alloy 825 ya Mo na Cu ibikubiyemo bikemura neza ubwo buryo. Alloy 800 ntabwo.
Imiterere isanzwe ya Incoloy Igice na Porogaramu
Abamesa bicaye ahantu hatababariwe cyane mugace kavunitse: bahujwe hagati yimiterere ibiri, bigatera umwobo aho umwuka wa ogisijeni ugabanuka hamwe na chloride bishobora kwihutisha igitero. Muri serivisi itwara chloride, ibikoresho byo gukaraba bigomba kurwanya ruswa rusange hamwe na ruswa yangirika mugihe gikomeza preload.
Amashanyarazi ya Alloy 825 ni yo asobanura neza uburyo bwo guhuza gazi, amazi yo mu nyanja, hamwe na sisitemu yo gukoresha aside. Ibirimo bya molybdenum bitanga pitingi na crevice birwanya ruswa 800 idashobora guhura. Kubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa gaz ya gaz cyangwa itanura aho chloride idahari kandi ituze ryumuriro nicyo kintu cyambere, abamesa 800 barashobora gutekerezwa.
Icyitonderwa kimwe gifatika kiva muburambe bwo gukora: Incoloy alloys akazi-gakomeye mugihe cyo guhinduranya no gutondekanya, kandi igipimo cyo korohereza akazi kuri 825 kiri hejuru cyane nubwo kiri munsi yicyuma gisanzwe cya austenitis. Gukaraba neza munsi ya mm 1.5 birashobora kugoreka mugihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe keretse ushyigikiwe neza. Kuzunguruka kumutwe aho gukanda akenshi bikundwa kubishushanyo mbonera byogejwe muri serivise ya chloride, kuko gukanda birashobora kuzana ibyangiritse byo munsi y'ubutaka bihinduka urubuga rwo gutangiriraho ruswa. Inyandiko yo kugenzura: Ubu buyobozi bwo guhimba bugaragaza imyitozo rusange yo gutunganya Incoloy alloys; ibipimo byihariye bigomba kwemezwa nuwabikoze nyirizina.
Incoloy Tube hamwe nubushyuhe bwo guhanahana ibice
ASTM B423 / ASME SB423 ikubiyemo umuyoboro udafite kashe kandi ukonje muri UNS N08825 kugirango serivisi rusange ibora. Mu guhinduranya ubushyuhe, guhitamo hagati ya 825 na 800 mubisanzwe bikurikiza igikonoshwa cyangwa uruhande rwa chimie.
Niba uruhande rwigituba rutwara amazi akonje hamwe na chloride, cyangwa amazi yatunganijwe arimo kugabanya aside, 825 itanga umusanzu wa Mo na Cu ukenewe mukurwanya pitingi na aside. Niba porogaramu ari ivugurura ryubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa itanura rya pyrolysis aho ubushyuhe bwicyuma burenga 600 ° C kandi ibidukikije byumye cyane cyangwa okiside, umuyoboro wa 800H cyangwa 800HT nuguhitamo bisanzwe.
Ikigereranyo cyo hagati gikwiye kwitabwaho: guhinduranya ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwa dogere 400-500 ° C hamwe na chloride igereranije. Ntabwo ibinyobwa bisubizo hano. Icyemezo kigomba guhinduka niba kwibumbira hamwe kwa chloride hamwe na geometrie ya crevice bitera SCC yizewe cyangwa ibyago bishobora gutera. Niba ari yego, nikel yo hejuru ya 825 hamwe na molybdenum itanga umutekano mugari.
Valve Trim hamwe nibikoresho byimashini
Imbere ya Valve imbere yibasirwa nisuri-ruswa, kwibasirwa na crevice hejuru yikimenyetso, no muri serivisi isharira, guhagarika sulfide. Alloy 825 trim ikoreshwa muri serivise ya acide na gaz ya gaz ikarishye aho guhuza Mo mukurwanya hamwe na Ni kubirwanya SCC bifite akamaro. Alloy 800 ntikunze kugaragara muri serivise itose yangirika ariko igaragara muri gazi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe na progaramu ya valve.
Inyandiko yo kugenzura: Ibicuruzwa biboneka kurubuga bigomba kwemezwa mbere yo kwerekana ko haboneka valve trim cyangwa izindi imashini Ibice kurenga. Niba itangwa ryurubuga ryibanze ku bakaraba, iki gice kigomba gusomwa nkibisabwa aho kuba ibicuruzwa.
Imbonerahamwe yo Guhitamo Icyemezo: Hagati na Ubushyuhe
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira ihuza ibitekerezo byo guhitamo mubihe bikunze guhura nabyo igice abaguzi. Bifata ko igice ari ikintu gikomeye cyangwa cyakozwe (wogeje, umuyoboro, gikwiye, trim) kandi ko ikibazo cyibanze ari ruswa yamazi keretse bivuzwe ukundi.
| Imiterere ya serivisi | Basabwe Kuvanga | Impamvu |
| Acide ya sulfure (kugabanya), hamwe na chloride,> 60 ° C. | 825 | Cu + Mo irwanya kugabanya aside; Ni irwanya chloride SCC |
| Acide ya fosifori, yanduye na chloride | 825 | Cu yongeyeho aside fosifori; Mo arwanya umwobo |
| Amazi yo mu nyanja cyangwa inyanja, ihagaze cyangwa yegeranye | 825 | Mo itanga pitingi / crevice irwanya; 800 ibura Mo. |
| Gazi isukuye (H₂S) hamwe na chloride, ibyago byo guturika kurwego rwa NACE MR0175 | 825 | Urutonde muri NACE MR0175 kugirango urwanye serivisi zisharira; Ni + Mo |
| Oxidizing aside (nitric), nta chloride, temp iringaniye | 800 cyangwa 825 | Bombi bashingira kuri Cr pasive film; 800 ni igiciro gito |
| Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru / okiside,> 600 ° C, yumye | 800 / 800H / 800HT | Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi butajegajega; 825 ntabwo igenewe uru rwego |
| Koresha chloride, ubushyuhe buke, nta crevice | 800 irashobora kuba ihagije | Ibirimo 800 ni Ni byo bitanga SCC mu bihe byoroheje; gushira ibyago ni bike nta ruhurura |
Imipaka y'ingenzi kuri NACE MR0175: Ibipimo ngenderwaho bikemura ibibazo byo guhagarika sulfide kandi bisobanura ibikoresho byemewe na serivisi irimo H₂S. Ntabwo ishyiraho imipaka ya ruswa. Ibikoresho byanditswe muri MR0175 ntabwo bihita "birwanya ruswa rwose" kubintu byose bikarishye; bivuze ko ibikoresho byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa byo guhangana murwego rusanzwe. Kuri 825 muri brine ikarishye hamwe na chloride nyinshi, kurwanya piting biracyaterwa nibiri muri Mo hamwe nubushyuhe nyabwo hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa chloride. Muri serivise nziza ya chloride, MR0175 kubahiriza ni intangiriro, ntabwo ari isuzuma ryuzuye rya ruswa.
Ibihimbano no Kugura Ibitekerezo
Gukomera no Gukora
Alloy 825 na 800 byombi bikora-bigoye cyane kuruta ibyuma bya austenitis. Kuri 825 byumwihariko, igipimo cyo kunaniza akazi kiri munsi yicyiciro gisanzwe cya austenitike idafite amanota ariko aracyari hejuru cyane, kandi ibikoresho byo gukora bigomba kuba bifite imbaraga zihagije kugirango byongere imbaraga zumusaruro mugihe cyo guhindura ibintu. Mubikorwa byo gutunganya, gutura cyangwa kunyunyuza igikoresho hejuru yubutaka bikomeretsa ibice byaciwe kandi byihutisha kwambara. Kuri an igice hamwe no kwihanganira gukomeye, nkuwamesa ufite ibyangombwa bisabwa cyangwa bikwiranye nu murongo, uburyo bwo gutunganya hamwe ninzira yibikoresho bigomba kwirinda inzira zidakenewe zikora hejuru.
Ibi ntabwo ari impungenge zijyanye nibice bito. Gukaraba munsi ya mm 1,5 z'ubugari birashobora kugoreka mugihe cyo gukemura cyangwa kuvura ubushyuhe bwa nyuma niba bidashyigikiwe neza. Imashini nini ya diameter irashobora gusaba igipimo cyo gukonjesha kugirango wirinde gukomera. Ibi nibihimbano bigomba kuganirwaho murwego rwo gusubiramo, bitavumbuwe mugihe cyambere cyo kugenzura ingingo.
Ubuso Burangiza n'ingaruka zabwo mukurwanya ruswa
Gutobora no gutobora bitangirira ku guhagarara hejuru: gushushanya, icyuma cyinjijwemo, ubushyuhe buturuka ku gusudira, hamwe n’imashini ikozwe nabi. Kubice 825 muri serivisi ya chloride, imiterere yubuso bwo gufunga amasura hamwe nubuso bugaragara bigira ingaruka mubuzima bwa serivisi.
Kurangiza imashini ya Ra ≤ 0.8 µm isanzwe kubisanzwe muri ruswa irwanya ruswa. Amashanyarazi kuri Ra ≤ 0.2 µm arashobora gutomorwa kubutaka bukomeye bwo gufunga imiti ya farumasi cyangwa isuku cyane, aho bisabwa kurwanya ruswa ndetse nisuku. Kubamesa mumazi yinyanja cyangwa serivise ikarishye, kuvanaho ubushyuhe no kwemeza neza isuku, pasiporo nyuma yo kuyikora ni ngombwa kuruta kugera kuri numero ya Ra-ultra-low.
Igenzura risanzwe
Iyo ugura an igice, icyemezo cyibikoresho kigomba kugenzurwa numero yihariye ya UNS hamwe nibisabwa:
- Amavuta 825: UNS N08825. Umuyoboro n'umuyoboro birashobora gusobanurwa kuri ASTM B423 / ASME SB423. Impapuro zimpimbano nimpimbano zigwa mubisobanuro bitandukanye bitewe nuburyo bwibicuruzwa. NACE MR0175 kubahiriza bigomba kuvugwa neza kuri seritifika niba serivisi ikenewe ikenewe.
- Amavuta 800: UNS N08800 (cyangwa N08810 / N08811 kuri 800H / 800HT). Ibipimo byibicuruzwa biratandukanye muburyo; ububiko bwibibari, isahani, hamwe no kwibagirwa buriwese afite ASTM itandukanye.
Urubuga ruriho urupapuro rwibicuruzwa rwa Incoloy rwerekana ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibikoresho byogeje Incoloy kwihanganira no kurangiza neza. Kubindi bice bigize ibice, nkibikoresho cyangwa ibikoresho byabugenewe byabigenewe, urugero rwibikorwa bihari bigomba kwemezwa neza aho gufatwa kuva kurupapuro.
Ibibazo
Ese Incoloy 825 ihora ihitamo neza serivise ibora ugereranije na 800?
Oya. Alloy 825 nihitamo ryiza mugihe serivisi irimo chloride, kugabanya aside, cyangwa gaze isharira, kuko inyongera za Mo na Cu zireba ubwo buryo. Alloy 800 irakwiriye kandi ifite ubukungu cyane kubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa okiside cyangwa carburizing ibidukikije aho ruswa itwarwa nubushyuhe aho kuba chimie yamazi. Gukoresha 825 mugukoresha itanura ryubushyuhe bwo hejuru byakongeramo ikiguzi utongeyeho imikorere.
Isuku ya Incoloy 800 irashobora gukoreshwa mumazi yinyanja?
Ntabwo byemewe. Amazi yo mu nyanja akora imiterere yimigezi yo kumesa no kurwego rwa chloride iteza umwobo. Alloy 800 ntabwo irimo molybdenum yabigambiriye, nicyo kintu cyibanze kivanga mukurwanya imiti ya chloride. Alloy 825 yoza itanga Mo ibikenewe muriyi serivisi.
Kwemeza NACE MR0175 bivuze iki mubice bya Incoloy 825?
Bivuze ko ibikoresho byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango birwanye ihungabana rya sulfide muri H₂S irimo ibidukikije murwego rusobanutse rwibipimo. Ntabwo yemeza ko irwanya gutobora, kwangirika, cyangwa kugabanuka muri rusange. Igice kirashobora kuba cyujuje MR0175 kandi kiracyafite ikibazo cyo gushira muri chlorine ikarishye cyane niba ibirimo Mo hamwe nubuso bidakwiriye mubihe byihariye.
ASTM B423 itwikiriye Incoloy 825 yoza?
Oya ASTM B423 itwikiriye imiyoboro idafite umuyoboro hamwe na tube muri UNS N08825. Gukaraba hamwe nubundi buryo bwakorewe imashini bigurwa mubisanzwe byerekana icyemezo cyerekana numero ya UNS na chimie aho kuba ibicuruzwa byerekana ibicuruzwa. Icyemezo kigomba kwemeza chimie N08825 nibisabwa NACE isabwa.
Ni ukubera iki ubuso burangiza kubintu bya Incoloy muri serivisi ya chloride?
Ibyobo bitangirira ku nenge zo hejuru aho chloride yibanda hamwe na ogisijeni iboneka itandukanye nibidukikije byinshi. Ubuso bwakorewe imashini, ubushyuhe, cyangwa ibice byamahanga byashizwemo birema ibibanza byo gutangiriraho. Kuri 825 mumazi yinyanja cyangwa brine ikarishye, kwerekana ubuso busukuye, butambutse neza hejuru yubuso hamwe nubuso bwerekanwe hejuru nuburyo bwiza bufatika bwo gushyigikira ibibyimba bivangwa na ruswa.
Guhuza Amavuta Kuri Serivisi
Guhitamo hagati ya Incoloy 825 na 800 kuri an igice igomba gukurikiza uburyo bwiganje bwo gutesha agaciro mubikorwa nyabyo bya serivisi. Niba chloride, kugabanya acide, cyangwa H₂S bihari kandi igice kizakorera ahantu h’amazi cyangwa amazi, molybdenum ya 825, umuringa, na nikel bikemura ibyo bibazo byugarije. Niba porogaramu ari ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa okiside, carburisation, cyangwa serivisi yumuriro wumye, 800 cyangwa imbaraga zayo zikomeye nimiryango ikwiye.
Kubakaraba hamwe nibikoresho byabugenewe muri serivisi yangirika, icyemezo cyo gutoranya kigomba no kubarwa kuri crevice geometrie, kurangiza hejuru, hamwe nibisobanuro byerekana niba ibivanze byavuzwe bikora nkuko byateganijwe. Isabune yemewe 825 ifite ubuso bubi burashobora kunanirwa muri serivisi ya chloride nkuko isabune 800 yarangiye neza idashobora gusimbuza 825 aho hakenewe molybdenum.
Kugirango usubiremo ibisobanuro bihari bya Incoloy, harimo amanota yibikoresho, kwihanganira, hamwe nuburyo bwo kurangiza, sura urupapuro rwibicuruzwa bya Incoloy. Kubice byigice kirenze abamesa, wemeze urwego rwubu rugikora mbere yo kwerekana.
