Iyo injeniyeri yanditse urutonde an igice kubisabwa bisaba, Alloy 625 na Alloy 718 bikunze kugaragara kurutonde rumwe. Byombi ni nikel-ishingiye kuri superalloys hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo hejuru. Byombi birwanya okiside. Byombi biraboneka mumabari, isahani, hamwe na form. Nyamara barashizweho muburyo butandukanye bwo gutsindwa, kandi guhitamo ibitari byo bishobora kuganisha ku kwangirika imburagihe cyangwa igice cyashizweho cyongeweho ikiguzi utongeyeho ubuzima bwa serivisi.
Itandukanyirizo ntabwo ryerekeye ibivangwa "bikomeye" cyangwa "birwanya ruswa nyinshi" muburyo rusange. Nibijyanye nuburyo bwo gushimangira uburyo buhuye n’iterabwoba ryiganje. Inconel 625 yishingikiriza kumuti uhamye ushimangira kurwanya ruswa hamwe nubushyuhe bwagutse. Inconel 718 ikoresha imvura igwa kugirango igere ku mbaraga nyinshi cyane, ariko izo mbaraga zifite ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Gusobanukirwa aho kiriya gisenge cyicaye, nibibera hejuru yacyo, niyo ntangiriro ya buri igice icyemezo cyo guhitamo.
Iyi ngingo yandikiwe icyogajuru, peteroli, nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwubushakashatsi hamwe nabaguzi bakeneye uburyo bwo guhitamo akazi. Yibanze kuri logique ya metallurgiki inyuma ya buri kivunge, imiterere ya serivise itonesha umwe kurindi, hamwe nibitekerezo byo guhimba byerekana niba ibivanze byavuzwe bikora nkuko byateganijwe.
Itandukaniro ryibanze: Igisubizo gikomeye Gukomeza vs Gukomera kwimvura
Inzira yoroshye yo gutandukanya itandukaniro niyi: Inconel 625 ibona imbaraga zayo mubyashizwemo; Inconel 718 ibona imbaraga ziva mubituruka muri yo.
Inconel 625 (UNS N06625) nigisubizo gikomeye gishimangira amavuta. Molybdenum (8-10%) na niobium (3.15-4.15%) bikomeza gushonga muri materix ya nikel-chromium, bigoreka akazu ka kirisiti kandi bikabuza kugenda kwimuka. Uku gushimangira kurahari nkuko byatanzwe. Nta buvuzi busaza busabwa. Ibintu bimwe bigize ibihimbano bitanga imbaraga-cyane cyane molybdenum nyinshi hamwe na chromium-nabyo bitanga umusemburo udasanzwe wo kurwanya ruswa. Inconel 625, mubyukuri, ibishishwa byangirika bibaho kugira imbaraga zingirakamaro, aho kuba imbaraga zivanze zibaho kugirango zirwanye ruswa.
Inconel 718 (UNS N07718) ikora ihame ritandukanye. Niobium (4.75-5.5%) ikomatanya na nikel mugihe cyo gusaza kugirango igire imvura ya gamma double prime (Ni₃Nb), ikorana na gamma prime (Ni₃Al / Ti) kugirango itange ingaruka zambere zishimangira. Mubisubizo byavuwe, 718 biroroshye. Nyuma yo gusaza, imbaraga zayo zigera kuri MPa 1000-100 bitewe nimiterere yibicuruzwa n'ibisobanuro byayo, ugereranije na MPa 320-450 kuri MPa zometse kuri 625. Itandukaniro-hafi inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu imbaraga z'umusaruro - risobanura impamvu 718 yiganje mubice byinshi bizunguruka cyane.
Inconel 600, rimwe na rimwe ishyizwe hamwe nuruvange muri rusange nikel-alloy, ni Ni-Cr alloy idafite molybdenum cyangwa niobium yongeyeho isobanura 625 na 718. Kurwanya imbaraga no kurwanya ruswa byombi biriyoroshya, kandi bicaye hanze yibi bigereranyo.
Kuri an igice aho iterabwoba ryibanze ari chloride piting cyangwa acide acide, chimie ya 625 ikomeye-ibisubizo nibyiza nibyiza. Iyo iterabwoba ryibanze ari umunaniro cyangwa umusaruro munsi yumutwaro mwinshi mubushyuhe buringaniye, imiterere yimvura igoye 718 niyo ihitamo rikwiye. Igice gisigaye cyiyi ngingo kirasuzuma aho ibyo bintu bibera.
Uburyo Ubushyuhe na Ruswa Bihitamo Guhitamo
Inconel 625: Serivisi yiganjemo ruswa hamwe nuburyo bwo gusudira
Inconel 625 nibisanzwe bisobanutse mugihe kurwanya ruswa ari byo byemezo. Ibigize molybdenum bitanga ibibyimba hamwe na crevice birwanya ruswa mu bidukikije byitwa chloride, hamwe numubare uhwanye numubare uhwanye (PREN) uruta cyane uw'uwitwa 718 bitewe na molybdenum nyinshi. Mu mazi yo mu nyanja, inzira ya acide, hamwe na gaze ya gaz ikarishye, iyi myigaragambyo niyo mpamvu 625 yatoranijwe aho kuba imbaraga-zindi zishoboka. Amavuta akoreshwa mumazi yo mumazi, ibikoresho byo gutunganya imiti harimo na valve hamwe noguhindura ubushyuhe, hamwe na sisitemu yo mu nyanja.
Ubushobozi bwubushyuhe bwa 625 akenshi ntibwumva nabi. Amavuta agumana imbaraga zingirakamaro hamwe na okiside irwanya hafi 980 ° C, kandi amasoko amwe avuga ubushyuhe bwa serivisi bugera kuri 1093 ° C kuburyo bwihariye bwibicuruzwa. Ariko "imbaraga zingirakamaro" kuri 980 ° C ntabwo zingana nubushobozi buke bwo kwikorera imitwaro 718 itanga mubushyuhe buke. Inconel 625 ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru yatoranijwe kugirango irwanye okiside hamwe n’imiterere ihamye, ntabwo ari imbaraga zumusaruro munsi yumutwaro uremereye.
Inyungu yo guhimba ya 625 ningirakamaro kimwe. Amavuta ashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gusudira nta kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira kandi birwanya kwangirika kwimitsi ndetse no muburyo bwo gusudira. Kubikoresho byo gusudira, gusudira hejuru yubudodo, hamwe nibihimbano bigoye aho nyuma yo gusaza nyuma yo gusudira byazana kugoreka cyangwa kongeramo ikiguzi, ubu bworoherane nigipimo gifatika cyo guhitamo. Amavuta akoreshwa muburyo busanzwe bwo gusudira hejuru yicyuma cya karubone kugirango gikorwe neza, aho kwambara bitanga imbaraga zo kwangirika bidasabye kuvura ubushyuhe ibintu byose.
Inconel 718: Imbaraga-Yiganjemo Serivisi Munsi Yubusaza
Inconel 718 niyo yiganje cyane ya superalloy kubisabwa cyane-munsi ya 650 ° C. Disiki ya moteri ya turbine, ibyuma bifata imbaraga nyinshi, ibikoresho bya peteroli na gaze, hamwe na moteri ya roketi turbopumps byose bishingiye ku mbaraga zashaje 718. Imikorere ya alloy hamwe no guhangayika-guturika ni byiza muriki cyiciro.
Hejuru yubushyuhe, uburyo bwo gukomeza butangira kunanirwa. Imvura ya gamma kabiri yibanze itanga imbaraga 718 imbaraga kandi igahinduka mugice cya delta mubushyuhe bwa 650 ° C no hejuru, bigatera gutakaza imbaraga. Ntabwo kugabanuka gahoro gahoro bishobora gucungwa nibintu byumutekano. Nimpinduka yicyiciro ihindura imyitwarire yibanze ya alloy. Kuri serivisi irambye hejuru ya 650–700 ° C, 718 ntabwo ikiri ihitamo rikwiye ku mbaraga, utitaye ku miterere yubushyuhe bwayo. Imipaka ntarengwa yo hejuru iterwa nurwego rwimyitwarire hamwe nubuzima busabwa, ariko uburyo bushiraho imipaka ifatika idashobora gutegurwa mugihe kitazwi.
Inconel 718 ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa. Irwanya okiside hamwe nibitangazamakuru byinshi byamazi bihagije kubikorwa byubaka. Ariko muri chloride ikaze cyangwa kugabanya ibidukikije bya aside, ibirimo molybdenum yo hasi (2.8-3.3%) hamwe nibyuma byinshi byuma bituma idashobora kwihanganira munsi ya 625. An igice byerekanwe muri 718 kubishobora kwangirika birashoboka cyane kurenza imbaraga kandi ntibisobanutse neza kubirwanya ruswa. Guhitamo ibitekerezo bigomba gukurikiza uburyo bwananiwe gutsindwa, ntabwo ari rusange muri rusange "gukora cyane".
Imiterere isanzwe ya Inconel Igice hamwe na buri Alloy ikwiranye
Imibiri ya Valve hamwe nibikoresho byo gutunganya imiti
Mugutunganya imiti, umubiri wa valve nibice byimbere bihura nibitangazamakuru byangirika, gutemba kwangirika, hamwe nibisabwa hejuru. Iyo inzira yatunganijwe irimo chloride, kugabanya aside, cyangwa gukonjesha amazi yo mu nyanja, Inconel 625 nigisobanuro gikwiye. Ibirimo molybdenum bikemura ikibazo cyo kwangirika no kwangirika kuri flanges no mumaso yo gufunga, kandi imikoreshereze yacyo yo gusudira yoroshya guhimba geometrike igoye.
Inconel 718 igaragara muri serivisi yimiti cyane cyane mubyuma byumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nibikoresho byubaka aho imbaraga aricyo gisabwa kuyobora, aho kuba mubice bitose byerekanwe na chimie yibasiye. Kuri an igice ikomatanya imikorere yombi-ibice byinshi-bihangayikishije kandi ihuza itangazamakuru ryangirika-guhitamo birashobora gusaba ubwumvikane cyangwa ubundi buryo butandukanye rwose.
Inyandiko yo kugenzura: Urupapuro rwibicuruzwa kururu rubuga rurimo Inconel 600 na Inconel 718. Kuboneka ibice bya Inconel 625 bigomba kwemezwa mbere yo kwerekana 625 nkibikoresho byatanzwe.
Turbine Ikidodo, Disiki, hamwe na-Stress Yizunguruka Ibice
Mubisabwa mu kirere na gaz turbine, 718 niyo isanzwe kuri disiki ya turbine, disiki ya compressor, shafts, hamwe nibice bihangayikishije cyane bikora munsi ya 650 ° C. Amavuta avanze imbaraga nyinshi zumusaruro, kurwanya umunaniro, hamwe nubushobozi bwo guturika muri ubu bushyuhe biragoye kubisimbuza. Ikidodo cya Turbine gifite imitwaro myinshi yo guhura hamwe nu gusiganwa ku magare bikunze kugaragara muri 718 mugihe isura yikimenyetso idahuye nigitero gikomeye.
Inconel 625 igaragara muri sisitemu yo gusohora moteri, imiyoboro, hamwe nibice aho kurwanya okiside hamwe no kurwanya ruswa bifite akamaro kuruta ubushobozi bwo gutwara imitwaro. Guhitamo hagati yabiri mubidukikije bya turbine mubisanzwe bikurikira ikibazo gisobanutse: igice igice cyambere ni inzira yumutwaro wubatswe, cyangwa cyane cyane ikintu kirimo n'inzira-nzira? Iya mbere itonesha 718; icya kabiri gitonesha 625.
Manifolds, Kwizirika, hamwe nibice byuzuye
Kwizirika Nibisanzwe 718 Porogaramu. Kurenza preload, kurwanya kunaniza imihangayiko, no kurwanya umunaniro mugihe cyikizamini cyikizamini nicyo gisabwa kuyobora, kandi imbaraga za 718 zashaje hamwe nibikorwa byo guhagarika umutima bikemura neza. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buringaniye bwerekanwe muri 625 birashoboka ko bisaba kwihuta cyane cyangwa preload yo hasi kugirango ugere kumikorere ihwanye, wongere uburemere nibigoye.
Imyuka myinshi hamwe nibindi bisa birerekana ikibazo cyoroshye. Niba ubushyuhe bwo gukora bugumye munsi ya 650 ° C kandi ibidukikije birimo okiside ariko ntibishobora kwangirika cyane, 718 ni amahitamo meza. Niba imigezi isohoka irimo kanseri ya chloride cyangwa ubwoko bwa acide, 625 yo kurwanya ruswa irashobora kurenza imbaraga za 718. Icyemezo kigomba gushingira kuri chimie nyayo nubushyuhe bwicyuma, ntabwo bishingiye kumyumvire rusange ko imbaraga zisumba izindi zose ari byiza.
Guhimba no gukina ibibazo: 625 vs 718
Imyitwarire
Amavuta yombi aragoye kuyagereranya ugereranije nicyuma, ariko kubwimpamvu zitandukanye. Inconel 625 muburyo bwa annealed ni gummy kandi akazi-gakomeye vuba. Chips ni ndende kandi irambuye, kwambara ibikoresho byihuta, kandi ibikoresho bikunda gusunika kure kuruhande aho gukata neza. Ibikoresho bikarishye, umuvuduko ukabije wogukonjesha, hamwe nibiryo byokugaburira ni ngombwa kugirango wirinde urwego rukomeye rugora ibikorwa bikurikira.
Inconel 718 isanzwe ikorwa muburyo bwo gukemura cyangwa kuvura igice, hanyuma bigasaza nyuma yo kubitunganya. Gukomera kwayo kwinshi bivuze ko kwambara ibikoresho ari ikibazo cyibanze, ariko gukora chip birashobora guhanurwa kandi kugenzura ibipimo muri rusange ni byiza kuruta 625. Niba igice cyashaje mbere yo gutunganya bwa nyuma, ubukana bwiyongera cyane kandi gutunganya biba bigoye cyane. Uburyo bufatika kuri benshi igice gukora ni ugukora imashini muburyo bworoshye, imyaka, hanyuma ukarangiza imashini hamwe namafaranga yimpinduka zingana gusaza bitanga.
Kuvura no gusudira nyuma yo gusudira
Inconel 625 irashobora gusudwa igashyirwa muri serivisi itavuwe nyuma yubushyuhe, kandi ibinyomoro birwanya kwangirika kwimitsi ndetse no muburyo bwo gusudira. Iyi ninyungu yukuri yo guhimba inteko nini cyangwa igoye aho inzitizi yo gusaza nyuma yo gusudira yaba idakwiye cyangwa yazana kugoreka. Amavuta akoreshwa kandi nk'igikoresho cyo gusudira kugira ngo arinde ruswa, ashyirwa mu byuma bya karubone cyangwa munsi ya all-alloy bitavanze ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ibintu byarangiye.
Inconel 718 irashobora gusudwa, ariko ibice byo gusudira mubisanzwe bisaba gusaza nyuma yo gusudira kugirango bigarure imbaraga muri zone yasuditswe nubushyuhe. Igikorwa cyo gusudira ubwacyo gishobora kubyara microstructure ikozwe hamwe no gutandukanya bigira ingaruka kubusaza nyuma. Kubikoresho byasuditswe 718, uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe buba mubice byinganda zikomeye, ntabwo ari intambwe yo kurangiza.
Gutekereza
Amavuta yombi arashobora gushorwa, ariko ibisabwa kugenzura inzira biratandukanye. Inconel 718 irimo niobium ihagije icyiciro cya Laves gishobora gukora mugihe cyo gukomera. Iki cyiciro cyangiza imiterere yubukanishi kandi kigomba guseswa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukemura mbere yo gusaza. Kuvura ubushyuhe busanzwe kubakinnyi 718, nkuko byasobanuwe muri AMS 5383, bikubiyemo homogenisation ikurikirwa no kuvura igisubizo hamwe nintambwe ebyiri zo gusaza. Gahunda yo gukina hamwe na gahunda yo gutunganya ubushyuhe kuri 718 igomba kuba yarateguwe nka sisitemu ihuriweho, ntabwo ari ibikorwa bitandukanye. Inconel 625 irababarira cyane mugukina, nubwo kugenzura amacakubiri mubice byimbitse bikomeza kuba ingenzi.
Kuri an igice ibyo bisaba guterana imbaraga nimbaraga nyinshi, 718 yo kuvura ubushyuhe nigice cyingenzi cyo kugera kubintu byagenwe. Igice cya 718 kitabonye igisubizo gikwiye-cy-imyaka-ntikizatanga imbaraga zerekana ko amavuta asobanura.
Kugenzura Urutonde
Urutonde rukurikira rugenewe gukoreshwa mbere yo gusubiramo cyangwa gusubiramo ibishushanyo, nkuburyo bwo kwemeza ko guhitamo ibinyomoro bihuye nibisabwa serivisi isabwa.
| Ikibazo cyo Kwemeza | Niba ari Yego | Niba ari Oya |
| Ese uburyo bwambere bwo kunanirwa kwangirika (piting, crevice, aside aside)? | 625 ni i Itangiriro | Komeza kubibazo bikurikira |
| Ubushyuhe bwa serivisi burambye buri hejuru ya 650 ° C? | 625 cyangwa umuryango utandukanye; 718 imbaraga zimbaraga ziratakara | Komeza kubibazo bikurikira |
| Igice gisaba imbaraga zitanga umusaruro hejuru ya MPa 800-900? | 718 (imyaka ishaje) | Komeza kubibazo bikurikira |
| Ibigize ni ibihimbano byo gusudira bidashobora kuba nyuma yo gusudira? | 625 | 718 irashobora gusuzumwa |
| Byombi kwangirika no guhangayika cyane birahari mubushyuhe buringaniye? | Irasaba isuzuma ryihariye; ibyago byo kwangirika muri rusange bitonesha 625 | — |
Urutonde rwa MPa 800-900 muri iyi mbonerahamwe ni itandukaniro rifatika hagati yumusaruro usanzwe wumusaruro wa 625 hamwe nimyaka 718. Ntabwo ari imipaka igaragara. Guhitamo ibikoresho byanyuma bigomba gushingira kubisabwa byubushakashatsi hamwe nibipimo ngenderwaho byihariye igice.
Ibibazo
Ese Inconel 718 irakomeye kurenza 625 mubushyuhe bwose?
No 718 imbaraga zimbaraga ziterwa na gamma kabiri yimvura iguma ihagaze neza munsi ya 650 ° C. Hejuru yubushyuhe, imvura igwa kandi igahinduka, kandi imbaraga zaragabanutse. Inconel 625 gukomera-gukemura gukomeye ntibiterwa nicyiciro cyimvura kandi ikomeza kuba nziza mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, nubwo kurwego rwo hasi rwose.
Inconel 625 irashobora gusaza guhuza imbaraga 718?
Oya. Inconel 625 ntabwo ikubiyemo titanium, aluminium, na niobium ikenewe kugirango imvura igwe neza. Imbaraga zayo zituruka kuri molybdenum na niobium mugisubizo gikomeye, kandi kuvura gusaza ntibitanga imvura ya gamma kabiri yibanze ikomeza 718.
Ni ubuhe buvumo bwiza kuruta gukoresha amazi yo mu nyanja?
Inconel 625. Ibirimo molybdenum itanga ibiyobora no kwangirika kwangirika hamwe na PREN iri hejuru ya 718, kandi izwi cyane kubikorwa byamazi yo mu nyanja harimo imiyoboro, ibikoresho, nibigize inyanja. Inconel 718 ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ruswa ihagije kubidukikije byinshi ariko ntabwo aribwo buryo bwiza bwo guhitamo serivisi ya chloride.
Kuki Inconel 718 isaba kuvurwa gusaza?
Mugihe gikemuwe nigisubizo, ibintu 718 bivanga bikomeza kuba mubisubizo kandi ibivanze byoroshye. Gusaza bigabanya gamma double prime (Ni₃Nb), ibuza kugenda dislocation kandi ikabyara imbaraga nyinshi zerekanwe. Hatabayeho gusaza, igice 718 ntigishobora kugera kubikorwa byacyo.
Amavuta yombi arashobora gushorwa?
Yego. Byombi birashobora kubyazwa umusaruro. Inconel 718 gukina bisaba kuvura igisubizo kugirango ushonga icyiciro cya Laves cyakozwe mugihe cyo gukomera, hagakurikiraho gusaza kugirango biteze imbere. Kuvura ubushyuhe nigice cyingenzi mubikorwa byo gukora, ntabwo ari intambwe idahwitse. Inconel 625 gutora birasa kubabarira, nubwo kugenzura amacakubiri bikomeza kuba ingenzi kubice byinshi.
Intambwe ikurikira: Huza Mechanism nuburyo bwo Kunanirwa
Guhitamo hagati ya Inconel 625 na 718 kuri an igice bigomba gukurikiza ikibazo kimwe cyo gutegura: ni ubuhe buryo bwiganje bwo gutesha agaciro? Niba ruswa - gutobora, igitero cya crevice, itangazamakuru ryitwa acide cyangwa chloride-ni iterabwoba ryizewe, 625 ya chimie-igisubizo gikomeye-chimique hamwe nibirimo molybdenum irabikemura muburyo butaziguye, kandi imikoreshereze yabyo-gusudira yoroshye guhimba. Niba imihangayiko myinshi, umunaniro, cyangwa umusaruro uri munsi yumutwaro uri munsi ya 650 ° C nicyo gisabwa kuyobora, imbaraga za 718 zikomera-imvura nigisobanuro gikwiye, mugihe ubushyuhe bwubahirijwe.
Kubisabwa aho ruswa hamwe nimpungenge nyinshi zirahari, ntanumusemburo nigisubizo rusange. Isuzuma rigomba gusuzuma ingaruka ziterwa no kunanirwa kwangirika kwatewe ningaruka zo kunanirwa kwa mashini, hanyuma harebwa niba ibintu bitandukanye cyangwa uburyo bwo kurinda ubuso bushobora gukemura ibyo bisabwa neza.
Gusubiramo birahari Inconel igice cyihariye, harimo Inconel 600 na Inconel 718 amakuru yibicuruzwa, sura urupapuro rwibicuruzwa bijyanye. Kubice bya Inconel 625 cyangwa ibicuruzwa byabigenewe hamwe nibikoresho byabigenewe muri alloy, wemeze aho bigeze ubu nubushobozi bwo kuvura ubushyuhe mbere yo kwerekana.
