Lokacin da injiniya ya lissafa wani inconel part don aikace-aikacen da ake buƙata, Alloy 625 da Alloy 718 galibi suna bayyana akan jerin zaɓi iri ɗaya. Dukansu superalloys na tushen nickel ne tare da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali mai zafi. Dukansu suna tsayayya da iskar shaka. Dukansu suna samuwa a cikin mashaya, faranti, da siffofin simintin gyare-gyare. Amma duk da haka an ƙirƙira su don yanayin gazawa daban-daban, kuma zabar wanda bai dace ba zai iya haifar da lalatawar da ba ta daɗe ba ko kuma abin da aka ƙirƙira fiye da kima wanda ke ƙara farashi ba tare da ƙara rayuwar sabis ba.
Bambance-bambancen ba game da wanne gami ne ya fi “ƙarfi” ko “mafi jure lalata ba” a gaba ɗaya. Game da wane tsarin ƙarfafawa ne ya dace da babban barazanar lalacewa. Inconel 625 ya dogara da ingantaccen bayani mai ƙarfafawa don juriyar lalata da kwanciyar hankali mai faɗi. Inconel 718 yana amfani da hardening hazo don samun ƙarfi sosai, amma ƙarfin yana da rufin zafin jiki. Fahimtar inda rufin yake zaune, da abin da ke faruwa bayansa, shine farkon kowane mutum inconel part yanke shawara.
An rubuta wannan labarin don sararin samaniya, petrochemical, da injiniyoyin kayan aiki masu zafi da masu siye waɗanda ke buƙatar tsarin zaɓin aiki. Yana mai da hankali kan dabarun ƙarfe da ke bayan kowane gami, yanayin sabis ɗin da ke fifita ɗaya akan ɗayan, da ƙirƙira abubuwan ƙirƙira waɗanda ke tantance ko ƙayyadadden gami yana aiki kamar yadda aka yi niyya.
Bambancin Mahimmanci: Ƙarfafa Magani Mai ƙarfi vs Taurin Hazo
Hanya mafi sauƙi don tsara bambance-bambancen ita ce: Inconel 625 yana samun ƙarfinsa daga abin da ke narkar da shi; Inconel 718 yana samun ƙarfinsa daga abin da ke tasowa daga ciki.
Inconel 625 (UNS N06625) ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi ne mai ƙarfi. Molybdenum (8-10%) da niobium (3.15-4.15%) sun kasance suna narkar da su a cikin matrix na nickel-chromium, suna karkatar da lattice na crystal da hana motsi. Wannan ƙarfafawa yana nan a cikin yanayin da aka kawota. Ba a buƙatar maganin tsufa. Fasali iri ɗaya waɗanda ke ba da ƙarfi-musamman babban molybdenum da abun ciki na chromium-kuma suna haifar da juriya na musamman na gami. Inconel 625 shine, a zahiri, ɓangarorin lalata wanda ke faruwa yana da ƙarfi mai amfani, maimakon ƙarfin ƙarfin da ke faruwa don tsayayya da lalata.
Inconel 718 (UNS N07718) yana aiki ta wata ƙa'ida ta daban. Niobium (4.75-5.5%) yana haɗuwa da nickel yayin tsufa don samar da gamma sau biyu firam (Ni₃Nb) hazo, yana aiki tare da gamma prime (Ni₃Al/Ti) don samar da sakamako na farko na ƙarfafawa. A cikin yanayin maganin maganin, 718 yana da taushi. Bayan tsufa, ƙarfin yawan amfanin sa ya kai kusan 1000-1100 MPa dangane da nau'in samfur da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, idan aka kwatanta da yawanci 320-450 MPa don annealed 625. Wannan bambanci-kimanin sau biyu zuwa sau uku ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa-ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa 718 ke mamaye manyan abubuwan da ke juyawa.
Inconel 600, wani lokaci ana haɗa su tare da waɗannan allunan a cikin tattaunawar nickel-alloy gabaɗaya, wani allo ne na Ni-Cr ba tare da ƙarin molybdenum ko niobium ba wanda ke ayyana 625 da 718. Ƙarfafa ƙarfinsa da juriya na lalata duka biyun sun fi dacewa, kuma yana zaune a waje da iyakar wannan kwatancen.
Don an inconel part inda babbar barazana shine chloride pitting ko harin acidic, 625's m-solution chemistry shine fa'idar da ta dace. Inda barazanar farko ita ce gajiya ko yawan amfanin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin babban nauyi a matsakaicin zafin jiki, 718's hazo mai taurin tsari shine zaɓin da ya dace. Sauran wannan labarin yayi nazarin inda waɗannan yanayin ke faruwa a zahiri.
Yadda Zazzabi da Yanayin Lalacewa ke yanke shawarar zaɓin
Inconel 625: Sabis-Mai Girman Lalata da Tsarin Welded
Inconel 625 shine tsoho ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun la'akari lokacin da juriya na lalata shine abin yanke hukunci. Abubuwan da ke cikin sa na molybdenum suna ba da juriya na lalatawa da ɓarna a cikin mahalli masu ɗauke da chloride, tare da adadin juriya daidai gwargwado (PREN) fiye da na 718 saboda mafi girman abun ciki na molybdenum. A cikin ruwan teku, rafukan tsarin acidic, da sabis na iskar gas mai tsami, wannan juriya shine dalilin da aka zaɓi 625 maimakon madaidaicin ƙarfin ƙarfi. Ana amfani da gawa don hanyoyin ruwa na cikin teku, kayan aikin sarrafa sinadarai gami da bawuloli da masu musayar zafi, da tsarin sharar ruwa.
Yawan zafin jiki na 625 ana kuskuren fahimta. Garin yana riƙe da ƙarfi mai amfani da juriya na iskar shaka zuwa kusan 980°C, kuma wasu kafofin sun faɗi yanayin yanayin sabis har zuwa 1093°C don takamaiman samfuran samfura. Amma "ƙarfi mai amfani" a 980 ° C ba daidai ba ne da ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi wanda 718 ke bayarwa a ƙananan yanayin zafi. An zaɓi Inconel 625 a babban zafin jiki don juriya na iskar shaka da kwanciyar hankali na tsari, ba don ƙarfin amfanin ƙasa ƙarƙashin nauyi mai nauyi ba.
Amfanin ƙirƙira na 625 yana da mahimmanci daidai. Ana iya amfani da gami a cikin yanayin welded ba tare da maganin zafi ba bayan walda kuma yana da juriya ga lalatawar intergranular har ma a yanayin walda. Don tsarin walda, walƙiya mai rufi, da ƙirƙira ƙirƙira inda tsarin tsufa bayan walda zai haifar da murdiya ko ƙara farashi, wannan sauƙi shine ma'aunin zaɓi mai amfani. Ana amfani da gami da yawa azaman rufin walda akan ƙarfe na carbon don sabis mai tsami, inda suturar ke ba da juriya na lalata ba tare da buƙatar maganin zafi na gabaɗayan bangaren ba.
Inconel 718: Ƙarfi-Mai rinjaye Sabis a ƙasan Tagar tsufa
Inconel 718 shine mafi girman superalloy don aikace-aikacen matsananciyar damuwa ƙasa da kusan 650°C. Fayafai na injin injin jet, na'urori masu ƙarfi, kayan aikin mai da iskar gas, da injin turbopump na roka duk sun dogara da ƙarfin shekarun 718. Ƙarƙashin ƙurar ƙura da ƙura da damuwa yana da kyau a cikin wannan kewayon.
Sama da wannan zafin jiki, tsarin ƙarfafawa ya fara gazawa. Ƙarfin gamma sau biyu yana hazo wanda ke ba da ƙarfin 718 mai ƙarfi kuma ya canza zuwa yanayin delta a yanayin zafi a kusa da 650 ° C da sama, yana haifar da asarar ƙarfi. Wannan ba raguwa ba ne a hankali wanda za'a iya sarrafa shi tare da yanayin tsaro. Canjin lokaci ne wanda ke canza ainihin halayen gami. Don ɗorewar sabis sama da kusan 650-700°C, 718 ba shine zaɓin da ya dace akan ƙarfin ƙarfi ba, ba tare da la’akari da yanayin yanayin ɗaki ba. Madaidaicin iyakar babba ya dogara da matakin damuwa da rayuwar da ake buƙata, amma tsarin yana sanya iyaka mai amfani wanda ba za a iya tsara shi ba har abada.
Inconel 718 yana da juriyar lalata mai amfani. Yana tsayayya da iskar oxygen da yawancin kafofin watsa labaru masu ruwa da tsaki don aikace-aikacen tsari. Amma a cikin m chloride ko rage acid muhallin, ƙananan molybdenum abun ciki (2.8-3.3%) da kuma mafi girma abun ciki na baƙin ƙarfe sa shi kasa juriya fiye da 625. An inconel part ƙayyadaddun a cikin 718 don aikace-aikacen ɓarna mai yuwuwa an fi ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayyadaddun akan juriya na lalata. Dabarun zaɓi ya kamata ya bi yanayin gazawar rinjaye, ba zaɓi na gabaɗaya don gami da “mafi girman aiki” ba.
Siffofin Sashin Inconel Na Musamman da Inda Kowane Alloy Yayi Daidai
Jikunan Valve da Abubuwan sarrafa Sinadarai
A cikin sarrafa sinadarai, jikin bawul da abubuwan da ke ciki suna fuskantar haɗuwar kafofin watsa labarai masu lalata, kwararar ɓarna, da buƙatun rufewa. Lokacin da rafin tsari ya ƙunshi chlorides, rage acid, ko sanyaya ruwan teku, Inconel 625 shine ƙayyadaddun da ya dace. Abun cikin sa na molybdenum yana magance ɓarna da ɓarna a flanges da fuskokin rufewa, da kuma yadda ake amfani da shi kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi yana sauƙaƙe ƙirƙira na hadadden geometries bawul.
Inconel 718 yana bayyana a cikin sabis na sinadarai da farko a cikin maɗauran matsi mai ƙarfi da kayan gini inda ƙarfi shine abin da ake buƙata na mulki, maimakon a cikin sassan da aka jika da aka fallasa ga sinadarai masu haɗari. Don an inconel part wanda ya haɗu da ayyuka biyu-bangaren matsananciyar damuwa wanda kuma ke tuntuɓar kafofin watsa labarai masu lalata-zaɓin na iya buƙatar daidaitawa ko wani gami daban gaba ɗaya.
Bayanan tabbatarwa: Shafukan samfurin yanar gizon na yanzu sun rufe Inconel 600 da Inconel 718. Samun Inconel 625 sassan ya kamata a tabbatar da su kafin a bayyana 625 a matsayin kayan da aka kawo.
Hatimin Turbine, Fayafai, da Sassan Juyawa Mai Girma
A cikin sararin samaniya da aikace-aikacen injin turbin gas, 718 shine tsoho don fayafai na injin turbine, fayafai na kwampreso, shafts, da manyan abubuwan da ke aiki a ƙasa da 650°C. Haɗin haɗin gwal na ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa, juriya na gajiya, da ƙarfin damuwa a cikin wannan yanayin zafin jiki yana da wuya a maye gurbinsa. Hatimin injin turbine wanda ke fuskantar babban nauyin lamba da hawan keke ana yawan kayyade su a cikin 718 lokacin da fuskokin hatimin ba a fallasa su ga mummunan harin lalata ba.
Inconel 625 yana bayyana a cikin tsarin shayewar injin, ducting, da kuma abubuwan da aka gyara inda juriyar iskar oxygen da juriyar lalata suka fi mahimmanci fiye da ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi. Zaɓin da ke tsakanin su biyun a cikin yanayin injin turbine yawanci yana biye da wata bayyananniyar tambaya: shin ɓangaren da farko hanya ce mai ɗaukar nauyi, ko kuma da farko ta ƙunshi abubuwa masu gudana? Na farko ni'ima 718; na biyu falala 625.
Manifolds, Fasteners, da Exhaust Abubuwan
Fasteners aikace-aikace ne na classic 718. Babban kaya mai girma, juriya ga shakatawa na danniya, da juriya na gajiya a ƙarƙashin nauyin hawan keke sune buƙatun mulki, kuma ƙarfin shekarun 718 da damuwa-karshe aikin kai tsaye yana magance su. Haɗin haɗin gwiwa mai zafi mai zafi da aka ƙayyade a cikin 625 na iya buƙatar babban abin ɗaure ko ƙarami don cimma daidaitaccen aiki, ƙara nauyi da rikitarwa.
Abubuwan da aka cire da yawa da makamantansu suna ba da ƙarin matsala. Idan zafin aiki ya kasance ƙasa da 650 ° C kuma yanayin yana oxidizing amma ba mai lalacewa ba, 718 zaɓi ne mai ma'ana. Idan magudanar ruwa ya ƙunshi condensates masu ɗauke da chloride ko nau'in acidic, juriya na lalata 625 na iya wuce fa'idar ƙarfin 718. Ya kamata yanke shawara ya dogara ne akan ainihin sinadarai na iskar gas da zafin jiki na ƙarfe, ba akan zato na gaba ɗaya cewa ƙarfin ƙarfi koyaushe ya fi dacewa ba.
Ƙalubalen Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙira da Cast: 625 vs 718
Halayen Machining
Dukansu gami suna da wahalar injin idan aka kwatanta da bakin karfe, amma saboda dalilai daban-daban. Inconel 625 a cikin yanayin da aka cire yana da gumi kuma yana aiki da sauri. Chips suna da tsayi da kirtani, kayan aikin kayan aiki yana haɓaka, kuma kayan yana ƙoƙarin turawa daga yankan gefen maimakon tsagewa da tsabta. Kayan aiki mai kaifi, babban mai sanyaya mai ƙarfi, da ciyarwar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suna da mahimmanci don guje wa taurin saman da ke dagula ayyuka na gaba.
Inconel 718 yawanci ana yin injina ne a cikin maganin da aka yi magani ko kuma wani ɓangaren tsufa, sannan ya tsufa bayan yin injin. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfinsa mafi girma yana nufin lalacewa na kayan aiki shine babban abin damuwa, amma ƙirar guntu ya fi tsinkaya kuma kulawar girma gabaɗaya ya fi na 625. Idan wani sashi ya tsufa kafin yin aikin ƙarshe, taurin yana ƙaruwa kuma machining ya zama mafi wahala. Hanyar da ta dace don yawancin inconel part masana'anta shine zuwa na'ura mai laushi a cikin yanayi mai laushi, shekaru, sannan gama na'ura tare da alawus don canje-canjen girman da tsufa ke samarwa.
Welding and Post-Weld Jiyya
Inconel 625 za a iya welded da kuma sanya shi cikin sabis ba tare da post-weld zafi magani, da kuma gami da tsayayya intergranular lalata ko da a cikin welded yanayin. Wannan fa'idar ƙirƙira ce ta gaske ga manya ko hadaddun majalisai inda tsarin tsufa bayan walda ba zai yi tasiri ba ko kuma zai haifar da murdiya. Hakanan ana amfani da gami da ko'ina azaman mai rufin weld don kariya ta lalata, ana amfani da shi akan ƙarfe na carbon ko ƙananan gami ba tare da buƙatar maganin zafin da aka gama ba.
Inconel 718 abu ne mai walƙiya, amma abubuwan da aka ƙera gabaɗaya suna buƙatar tsufa bayan walda don dawo da ƙarfi a yankin walda da zafi. Tsarin walda da kansa zai iya samar da simintin simintin gyare-gyare kamar simintin gyare-gyare tare da rarrabuwa wanda ke shafar amsawar tsufa na gaba. Don sifofi 718 masu waldawa, zagayowar maganin zafi ya zama wani ɓangare na masana'anta hanya mai mahimmanci, ba matakin gamawa na zaɓi ba.
Ra'ayin Cast
Duka allunan na iya zama simintin saka hannun jari, amma buƙatun sarrafa tsari sun bambanta. Inconel 718 ya ƙunshi isassun niobium wanda lokaci na Laves zai iya samuwa yayin ƙarfafawa. Wannan lokaci yana da lahani ga kayan aikin injiniya kuma dole ne a narkar da shi ta hanyar maganin maganin kafin tsufa. Daidaitaccen maganin zafi don simintin 718, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin AMS 5383, ya haɗa da homogenization wanda ke biye da maganin bayani da sake zagayowar tsufa mai mataki biyu. Dole ne a tsara tsarin simintin simintin gyare-gyare da tsarin kula da zafi na 718 azaman tsarin haɗaka, ba azaman ayyuka daban ba. Inconel 625 ya fi gafartawa a cikin simintin gyare-gyare, kodayake sarrafa rarrabuwa a cikin sassan kauri ya kasance mai mahimmanci.
Don an inconel part wanda ke buƙatar duka simintin gyare-gyare da ƙarfin ƙarfi, maganin zafi na 718 wani ɓangare ne mai mahimmanci na cimma ƙayyadaddun kaddarorin. Sashin simintin gyare-gyare na 718 wanda bai karɓi madaidaicin maganin-da-shekara magani ba ba zai isar da ƙarfin da ƙayyadaddun gawa ke nunawa ba.
Jerin Tabbatar da Zaɓuɓɓuka
Jerin abubuwan da ke biyo baya an yi niyya don amfani kafin zance ko nazari na ƙira, azaman hanyar tabbatar da cewa zaɓin gami ya dace da babban buƙatun sabis.
| Tambayar Tabbatarwa | Idan Ee | Idan A'a |
| Shin yanayin rashin nasara na farko shine lalata (rami, ramuka, harin acidic)? | 625 shine wurin farawa da ya dace | Ci gaba zuwa tambaya ta gaba |
| Shin yawan zafin sabis ɗin yana sama da kusan 650°C? | 625 ko dangin gami daban; 718 ƙarfin amfani ya ɓace | Ci gaba zuwa tambaya ta gaba |
| Shin ɓangaren yana buƙatar ƙarfin samarwa sama da kusan 800-900 MPa? | 718 (yanayin tsufa) | Ci gaba zuwa tambaya ta gaba |
| Shin abin da ke cikin welded ƙirƙira ce wadda ba za a iya tsufa bayan walda? | 625 | za'a iya siyarwa akan 718 |
| Shin duka lalata da matsanancin damuwa suna nan a matsakaicin zafin jiki? | Yana buƙatar ƙima ta musamman; Haɗarin lalata gabaɗaya ya fi son 625 | — |
Matsakaicin 800-900 MPa a cikin wannan tebur shine bambanci mai amfani tsakanin ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa na annealed 625 da shekaru 718. Ba ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai ba ne. Zaɓin kayan ƙarshe ya kamata ya dogara ne akan ainihin buƙatun ƙira da ƙa'idodi masu dacewa don takamaiman inconel part.
FAQ
Shin Inconel 718 ya fi 625 ƙarfi a duk yanayin zafi?
Amfanin ƙarfi na lamba 718 ya dogara ne akan hazo biyu na gamma wanda ya tsaya tsayin daka a ƙasa da kusan 650°C. Sama da wannan zafin jiki, haɓakar haɓakawa da canzawa, kuma ƙarfin ƙarfin yana raguwa. Inconel 625's m-solution ƙarfafawa ba ya dogara a kan wani hazo lokaci da kuma ya kasance mai tasiri a mafi girma yanayin zafi, ko da yake a ƙaramin ƙarfi matakin.
Shin Inconel 625 zai iya zama shekaru don dacewa da ƙarfin 718?
A'a. Inconel 625 baya ƙunshi titanium, aluminum, da ma'auni na niobium da ake buƙata don amsawar hazo mai mahimmanci. Ƙarfinsa ya fito ne daga molybdenum da niobium a cikin ingantaccen bayani, kuma maganin tsufa baya haifar da gamma sau biyu mafi girma wanda ke ƙarfafa 718.
Wanne gami ya fi kyau don aikace-aikacen ruwan teku?
Inconel 625. Abun cikin sa na molybdenum yana ba da juriya na lalatawa da ɓarna tare da PREN mai mahimmanci fiye da 718, kuma an lura da shi musamman don sabis na ruwa na teku ciki har da bututu, kayan aiki, da kayan aikin ruwa. Inconel 718 yana da isassun juriya na lalata ga mahalli da yawa amma ba zaɓin da aka fi so ba don sabis na chloride mai ƙarfi.
Me yasa Inconel 718 ke buƙatar maganin tsufa?
A cikin yanayin da aka magance maganin, abubuwan haɗin gwiwar 718 sun kasance mafi yawa a cikin bayani kuma haɗin yana da taushi. Tsufa yana haifar da gamma double prime (Ni₃Nb), wanda ke hana motsin tarwatsewa kuma yana haifar da babban ƙarfi wanda aka ƙayyade gawar. Ba tare da tsufa ba, ɓangaren 718 ba ya cimma kaddarorin injin da aka yi niyya.
Za a iya jefa allunan biyun zuba jari?
Ee. Dukansu za a iya samar da su ta hanyar zuba jari. Inconel 718 simintin gyare-gyare na buƙatar magani don narkar da yanayin Laves da aka kafa yayin ƙarfafawa, sannan kuma tsufa don haɓaka ƙarfi. Maganin zafi shine muhimmin sashi na tsarin masana'antu, ba mataki na zaɓi ba. Inconel 625 simintin gyare-gyare yana da ɗan gafartawa, kodayake sarrafa rarrabuwa ya kasance mai mahimmanci ga sassa masu kauri.
Mataki na gaba: Daidaita Injiniya zuwa Yanayin gazawa
Zaɓi tsakanin Inconel 625 da 718 don wani inconel part ya kamata a bi tambaya guda ɗaya ta shiryawa: menene babban tsarin lalata? Idan lalata-pitting, crevice harin, acidic ko chloride mai ɗaukar kafofin watsa labarai - shine tabbataccen barazana, 625's m-solution chemistry da molybdenum abun ciki suna magance shi kai tsaye, kuma amfaninsa kamar walda yana sauƙaƙe ƙirƙira. Idan babban damuwa, gajiya, ko yawan amfanin ƙasa ƙarƙashin nauyin da ke ƙasa da kusan 650 ° C shine abin da ake buƙata na mulki, ƙarfin hazo 718 shine ƙayyadaddun da ya dace, muddin ana mutunta rufin zafin jiki.
Don aikace-aikace inda duka lalata da matsanancin damuwa suke, ba alloy ba amsa ce ta duniya. Ya kamata kimantawa ta auna sakamakon gazawar lalata da sakamakon gazawar injina, kuma a yi la'akari da ko wani abu na daban ko tsarin kariyar saman zai iya magance buƙatun biyu yadda ya kamata.
Don dubawa akwai Inconel sashi bayani dalla-dalla, gami da Inconel 600 da Inconel 718 bayanin samfur, ziyarci shafukan samfurin da suka dace. Don sassa na Inconel 625 ko simintin gyare-gyare na al'ada da injuna a cikin ko dai gami, tabbatar da iyawar masana'anta na yanzu da ƙarfin maganin zafi kai tsaye kafin tantancewa.
